air leak syndrome

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  • Air Leak SyndromeSindroma Kebocoran Udara

    KK PERINATOLOGIRSAB HARAPAN KITA

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  • Pendahuluan Definisi: sekumpulan penyakit

    (pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema danpneumopericardium) yang patofisiologipenyebabnya sama . Overdinstensi kantungalveoli atau akhir dari saluran pernapasan yang dimulai dengan gangguan integritas jalan napas, menghasilkan kebocoran udara ke ruangsekitarnya

    Periode baru lahir Risiko >> Air Leak (kebocoran udara)

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  • Pendahuluan

    Peningkatan frekuensi berhubungan dgn: Frekuensi gagal nafas Penggunaan ventilator Resusitasi bayi VLBW dgn def. Surfaktan Lahir dengan Mekonium Hipoplasia paru (sekunder: hernia diafragma)

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  • 4Paling sering ditemui pada neonatus denganpenyakit paru yang pernafasannya dibantuventilator tapi bisa juga terjadi secaraspontan. Semakin parah penyakit paru yang diderita, semakin sering kebocoran udaraterjadi.

    Insidensi

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  • Insidensi

    TTN 10% RDS 27% Aspirasi Meconium 41%

    Faktor Risiko Pemakaian ventilator Meconium staining Terapi surfaktan

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  • Faktor Risiko TerjadinyaSindrom Kebocoran udara

    Spontan 0,5% Bantuan ventilator 15-20% CPAP 5% Pewarnaan kuning oleh mekonium /

    aspirasi mekonium Terapi surfaktan Upaya keras resusitasi (ventilasi

    dengan kantung)

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  • Patofisiologi

    Overdistensi ujung jalan nafas (penyebab paling sering dari semua Pulmonari Air Leaks) ventilasi alveolar yang tidak biasa Air traping Tekanan yang menyebabkan alveoli distensi

    (ventilator)

    Peningkatan volume paru ada batasnya tekanan mekanik diseluruh alveoli dan dindingbronkhial robek

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  • Patofisiologi

    Barotrauma, penyebab tersering. Disebabkan oleh pemberian tekananpositif dalam paru. Tidak bisa dicegah bilaBBL sakit memerlukan ventilator, tetapiefeknya dapat diminimal

    Penyebab lain overdistensi. Gas trapping (MAS, mucous plugs, intubasi terlaludalam)

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  • Gambaran klinis Spontan: RD, kebutuhan oksigen, Ventilator: sianosis, hypoksemia, hiperkarbia,

    asidosis respiratori Gawat nafas atau kondisi klinis yang tiba-tiba

    memburuk dan disertai dengan perubahan tanda-tanda vital dan memburuknya gas darah.

    Ditemui toraks asimetris pada kasus unilateral. Diagnosis

    Diagnosis definitif dengan radiologi (AP, lateral) Pencegahan

    Terapi yang baik adalah pencegahan

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  • Prognosis Tergantung penyebab penyakitnya Long term outcome tidak ada perbedaan
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  • -mengurangi barotrauma

    -suplemen oksigen, punksi-

    -pericardial drain-mengurangi barotrauma

    -drain

    -pasang drain

    Terapi

    Interstitial emphysema

    PneumothoraxPneumomediastinumPneumopericardiumPerivascularemphysemaSubcutaneous emphysemaPneumoperitoneum

    1. Pulmonary interstitium

    2. Pleural space3. Mediastinum4. Pericardial

    space5. Perivascular

    sheat6. Subcutaneous

    tissue7. Peritoneal

    space

    SindromaLetak Air leaks

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  • Chest tube & WSD

    Indikasi : Tension pneumothoraks Pneumothoraks Drain effusi pleura

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  • Bisturi no 15Trocard trhoraks no 12 FRSatu set WSDAquades steril 500 mlSilk HRTegadermKlem

    Satu set alat vena sectioSarung tangan sterilBetadin & alkohol swabIV cath no 18Three way stopcockSpuit 10 ccNaCl 0,9% 25 mlLidokain 2 %

    Alat-alat

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