8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

1/260

VOL. xx

ISSUED BY THE OFFICE OF TB8 CHIEF or TBI AIR CORPSW A R D E PA R 'l'lIE N T W A SH IlfG T ON , D .C .

~.

SEPTEMBER " 1937

,Il-' do~

/4 .J\ .s {/ IV' v l o

N017..::J r : : : : .

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

2/260

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

3/260

September 1 , 1 93 7

VO:'. XX A I RIllTormatlon Divlslon

Air Corps

COR P S NEW S LET T E R NO. 17 .Munltlons B U i l d i n g

Washington, D.C.

The chief p~ose of this publication is to distribute information on aero-nautics to the fl.V1I1g~ersonnel in the Regular Army, Reserve Corps, National Guardand others connected wlth aviation.

---000---

THEEFFECTOFFLIGHTONTHEMIDDLEEAR

Notice to Flyers.- Ifyou have reached the this problem of interest and importancestage - like some of cur old-tiIrers - to whom to the general medical profession, forthe roar of a twin-row sounds like the gentle airplane passengers are exposed to thep";1rrof a kitten, don't bother with this ar- same influences as the pilotS duringhele now; you should have read itmany years flight, and in most instanoes are muchago. Onthe other hand, ifyou are just be- more adversely affected.

ginning to have difficulty in hearing SOIre DEFINITIONc?IDPa.dresavr: "It's quitting time," or ''What A.ero-otiti.s media is an acute orwill you have?", there ma;y yet be time to save chronic inf1aIm:na.tionof the middle earyou if you read and profit by this article. It caused by a pressure difference betweenwas submi.tted by Major MalcolmGrow,Chief the air in the middle ear cavi ty andFlight Surgeon, Office of the Chief of the .Air that of the surrounding atmosphere, com-Corps-. in the belief that it wouldbe of inter- monly occurring duri.ng changes of al ti-est to Flight Surgeonsand of benefit to I tude in airplane flights and character-pilots and passengers in the Air Corps _ those I ized by inflammation, discomfort, pain,w ho have the tenacity to read a technioaJ. rinGing in the ears and deafness.paper. For those w ho cannot hurdle "traU!lJa" I CAUSEor ".Aero-otitis media," .w e . suggest that you

IAero-oU tis media is due to the lack

read the following chapters,at l&st:lt_ Of ventilation of the middle ear during"Symptoms"and 'Treatment." changes of atmospheric pressure to the

. The Editor. extent that the m~ddle ear is injured

i.~-----due to: one, a fallure to open the eusta-

..(A HEfollowin$ exce;:pts are quoted chian tube Voll:l.!lta~i~ywhennecessary,l~. from an art1cle t1tled as above, the other the 1nab1l1ty to open it

..' published in the Journal of the Failure to open the eustachian tubes.American Medical Association r Captain which lead from the middle ear to theHarry G. Armstrong, M.C , Fli."" t Surgeon. throat. during changes in ahitucle in(Directo~ of Physical R~searc Labora- ~irgraft flights is mos~often due totor~, Wrlght Field), and J.W. Heim,Ph.D., 19norancc of th0 necesslty to do so, but

Asslstant. may be due to carelessness or to belngAll Flight Surgeons have been request- asleep or may arise from the influenceed to read and study the article, and of analgesics or anesthetics or fromthis partial publication in the News coma. The first two of these instancesLetter is deemedadvisable in order that usually occur amonginexperienced pilotsAir Corps personnel may have personal and passengers, the third in sleeperknowledge of the effects on their ears airpJanes, and the last gTOUpin ambul-of altitUde changes and what maybe done ance planes.to alleviate or avoid the same Inability to ventilate the middle ear

These excerpts have been comPiled by voluntarily is muchmore prevalent thanthe Medical Section, Office of-the Chief is generally recognized. Someof theof the Air Corps, in the hope that by most freouent causes of blocking of thebringing this matter to the attention of eustachian tubes are acute and clu'onic

A~r Corps pe~sonnel ~hey will cooperate infections of the upp~r resp~rat9r~wJ.th the varu.ous medical officers and tract, nasal oba tr-uctrons , sinuaa tlS.make a concerted effort to lessen the tonsillitis, tumors and growths of theever increasing number of cases of im- nose and nasopharynx, paralysis of thepaired hearing and other permanent ef- soft palate, enlargemen.t of the tubalfects primarily induced by the repeated tonsil, inflammatory conditions of thetrauma of altitUde changes. eustachian tube or iId.ddle ear, scar

-------- ti.ssue about inner end of the tube fol-"Those familiar with aviation medicine lowing adenectomy, and malposition of

are well aware that airplane pilots suf- the jaws.

fer m

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

4/260

f 1t t1 J1 cgd en ta l p la te s, h a d m ar ke d o ve r- h ea d t he p ar ot id g la nd a n d t h e c he ek .b it e. m a lo e e l uS l on , o r w o rn m o l ar t ee th S ti ll l ow er n r es su re sp ro du ce a go ni zi nge it ho r u ni u.t er al o r b il at er al o r wi th p ai n which s ee ms t o l oc al iz e n ot i n t heany o t h e r c o n d i ti o n in w hi ch t he re w a s a e ar b ut d ee p i n t h e s uh s ta nc e o f t hes ho rt en in g o f t he ve rt ic al p os it io n o f p ar ot id g la nd , w hi ch i s l oc at ed j us t i nt he l o we r j aw , a c om pr es ei on b lo ck in g o f I f ro nt o f t he ear.t he eu st ac li 1a n t ub e wa s l ik el y t o o cc ur D es fn es s i s m ar ke d a nd v e rt ig o a nd

from a. r el ax at io n of th e s ur ro un di ng h ea d n oi se s u eu al 1y i nc re as e, b ut t hes o f t tisgues. I l at te r m ay d is ap pe ar . A t v er y g r ea t n e-SYMPTOMS gative pressure the eardrum ruptures.

T he s~ to ma o f a er o-o tit is m ed ia d e- T h1e o cc ur re nc e i s a dr am at ic e pi so dep en d o n t h e d ur at io n, f re qu en cy a nd s e- i .n w hi ch t he pa ti en t f ee ls Ia s t h ou g hverity of the injury lustained. hit along the aide of the head with a

A er o- Jt it is M ed ia , ~ cu te .- - S ub je ct iv e p la nk ,' a l OU d e xp lo si ve r ep or t i s f e l~S y m p t om s : P ~ s i t lv e p r e s f a' U l ' e si nthe and heard in the affected ear. There ~sm id dl e e ar a re p er ce pt ib le i n c o na c1 ou s- a sharp p ie rc in g p ai n o n t he a f fe ct edness tv Illestindividuals as a. f e el i ng o f s i de , g i d .d i ne s s a n d n a us e a b e c o m e m a rk e df ul ne ss i n t he m id dl e e ar . A s t he p re a- a nd c ol la ps e o r g e ne ra li ze d s ho ck f o 1-s ur e i nc re as es t he f e el in g o f f u ln ea e i s l ow s. W it h r up tu re o f t he e a rd ru m t hed is ti nc t a nd s cm eVJ ha t a nn oy in g a nd a f- a cu te p ai n q ui ck ly s ub si de s, b u t a d u llf ec ts t he h ea ri ng b y i mp ar ti ng a d is ta nt a ch e u er si st s f J r f ro m t we lv e t o f o rt ~-s o un d an d a l e se e ne d 1 n te n ei ty. Ve ry e ig ht ""h ou rs . H ea ri ng i s d is ti nc tl y d ~-h ig h p re ss ur es u su al ly i nc re as e t he d is - m 1n is he d a nd v er ti go a nd n a u se a may per-c o m f o rt a n d may b e a cc om pa ni ed b y r ln g- s is '..f or f ro m a ix t o t we nt y- fo ur h ou rs .ing in the ear a, The latter i s of a With both positive and ne~ative p ras-s te ad Y h is si ng G r r oa rl ng oh ar ac te r o r s ur e s , v ol un ta ri ly o pe ni ng t he e us ta -c ra .c kl in g a nd s na pp in g. I n s o m e i n di - c hi an t ub e w il l i nr ne di at el y r el ie ve a llv 1d ua ls t he re ma y b e a c tu al p ai n a nd ~ cu te S ym pt uI DS ; b ut i t is t o b e re me m-v er ti go of a m il d n at ur e. A t e xt re me b er ed t ha t w it h e xt re me n eg at iv e p re s-p r es s ur e s i n t h e l i li d dl ee a r t b er e i s i n - s u r e s i t b e co m es i r rr F os s ib l et o o v e rc o me

c re as in g pa in , r in gi ng i n t he e a rs a n d t hi s by m us cu la r a ct io n, a nd r el ie f 1 sv er ti go , w hi ch f in al ly b ec om es u nb ea .r - o bt ai ne d o nl y b y a r e tu rn t o a hi gh erable. altituce. In cases in which the pres-

I n no rm al c as es a bo ut 1 5 r a m . o f p re s- s ur e ha s a l re ad y p ro ~u ce d i nj ur y, ~ pe n-s ur e i s su ff ic ie nt t o f or ce a .i r o ut t ng o f t he eu st ~o hi an t ub e w 111 no t re -t hr r) ug h t he e us ta ch ia n t ub e, w h1 ch r e: - l ie ve t he s ym pt om s o f pr es su re i nj -u ry ,l ie ve s t he p r es su re i n ~$ m id dl e e ar a nd t h ey p er si st u nt il r ec ov er y ha sa nd c on se qu en tl y t he a co omp an yi ng . t ak en p la ce . P r e a su r ee th at m ay be9~ptoma. However

lt hl a re li ef i s i ni - o nl y u n co mf or ta bl e a t f i rs t f i na ll y b e-

t la te d b y a n an no y ~ ' cl ic k,1 w hi ch i s c om e pa in fu l. M od er at e i nj ur y t o th eb ot h f el t an d h ea rd a s t he d ru ms s na p e ar i s fo ll ow ed b y a s en se o f s or en es s

b ac k t o n cr ma l p os it io n, I n bl oc ki ng o f i n t he e ar s a nd d ea fn es s l as ti ng f ro mt h e t ub e t he p re ss ur e r eq ui re d t o fo ro e o ne t o t we lv e h ou rs . S ev er e i n ju ry i sit c pe n v a ri es w it h t he d eg re e o f s to p- I f ol lo we d b y p ai n, d ea fr es s, v er ti go a ndpage. In t hete c ases the pressure m~ ri~ill6 in t he ears f or f rom f our tob e r el ie ve d g r ad ua ll y o ve r a p er iOd o f f or ty -e ig ht h ou rs . T he p ai n i s s im il art im e i ns te ad o f i n st an ta ne ou sl y, a nd a I to th at o f a o sc eF s o f t he mi Qd Ie e arg re at er a mo un t o f p re ss ur e r em ai ns i n I ~n d t he r in gi ng i n t h o e ar s i s u su al lyt he m id dl e e ar a f te r t he t ub e ha s a ga in l of a h ~s si ng o r r o ar in g c ha ra ct er , t heclosed. Ideafness of the conduction_ type and

I n de ac en t, i n w hi Ch t he a tm os ph er ic ~ ua li ta ti ve a s w el l a s q ua nt it at iv e.~ re ss ur e i ~ ~ nc re as in g a nd t he p r es su re I A d er o -O ti t ie M e di a , C n ro n ic .- - S u bJ e c-I n t h e e a r be co ~e s n ~a ti ve , t he s ym pt om ~t iv B S '' i~ Pt om s:I n t he se c as es t he re 1Sa re t h0 s am e as a lr ea dY d es cr ib ed , e xc ep ~a I fu l a nd s tu ff y' f ee li ng i n t h e e ar st h a t t he p re ss ur e i s n ev er r e li ev ed l an d d if fi cu lt y i n ' c le ar in g' t h em . T he ret hr cu gh i h o vm f or ce a ct in g o n t he e u s- II i s a p a r ' li i all o ss o f h e a ri n g, w h ic h i st ac hi an t ub e b ec au se o f t he fl ap pe r- l eit ne r u ni la te ra l o r m or e pr on ou nc ed o nv al ve l ik e a ct io n o f t h e la tt er . F or ,o ne si de , an d i n s om e in st an ce s m ayt h is r e a s on t h e g r ea t es t d i ff i CU l ty Ugll- I ve ry fr om d ay t o d ay . H ea d n o is es m aya ll y c cc ur s d ur in g d es ce nt i n a i r cr af t, I be p re se nt , b ut r ar el y v er ti go o r p a in .a nd t he h ig he st p re ss ur e d if fe re nt ia ls ! lr hec on di ti on i s wo rs e a ft er f li gh ts ,h a ve b e en ~ e en .a n d s t ud i ed e x pe r im e nt a l- [ d ur i ng a c ut e i n fe c ti o ns o f t h e 1 1p p er r e s-l y u nd er t hi s c on di ti on . I n e ve n m e di ~! pi ra to ry t ra ct , d ur in g c ha ng es o fn eg at iv e p r e ss ur e t he p ai n i n t he e ar ~ s w ea th er a nd d ur in g f at ig ue o r d eb il it at -

s ev er e a n d r ee em bl es t ha t o f a cu te i n . - e d s t at e s.: f l a m ma t i o n ' ) f t h e m i d d l e e a r . ' ! ' h er i n g - TRMTMENTi ng i n th e e ar s is ma rk ad a nd t he re 1 s M et ho ds f or P re ve nt io n.-- T ho se w hou su al ly v er ti go o r g 1d d1 ne sD w it h be - t ak a u p av ia ti on a s a p ro fe ss io n a re a ndg in ni ng n au ae a. I n we ll m a r ke d n eg at iv e s ho ul d c o n ti nu e t o b e c ar ef ul ly t es te dp r e s su r e t h e p a .i n 1 s v e r y a e v e r .e a n d r a - t o ' d et e ; o m in e i f t h e e U l : > ta .c h i ? -nt u be i sdiateg from the ear to the eide of the \Continued on page 18). .

-2- V-7462. -A . C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

5/260

R E SE R VE O FF I CE R S' C A MP A T S C HO EN F I EL DB y C ap ta in F re d W . S om me r, 3 09 th A i r R es er v e T ra in in g S qu ad ro n

V -74 62 . A. C.

3 7 TH A T T A C X S ~ U AD R ON L AY S S OM E S M OK E

s pi ri t o f t he g a me a nd , a s a r es ul t,t he re w er e v er y f ew v ic t im s n ea r t hee nd o f t he c am p.

T wo n ig ht s w er e d ev ot ed t o ni g ht f ly -i ng . A ll ~ il ot s s ol oe d a t n ig ht a t t h eI n di a na p ol l s M u ni c ip a l A i rp o rt , a n de a ch t o ok a o n e- w ay n i gh t c r os s -c o un t r yf l i gh t t o Lo u is v i ll e . K y .

T he re w er e n o f or ce d l an di ng s o r a c -c id en ts t o a ir pl an es o r p e rs on ne l; i af ac t, w e d id n o t e ve n ha ve a f la t t ir e.

T he e nl i st ed m e n w er e e ff ic ie nt a ndhard working, and w e a lw~s had all t hea ir pl an es o n t he l in e r e a~ v t o t ak e o ff .

a t t he p re sc ri be d t im e. A ll t he e nl is t-e d m en e nt er ed i nt o t he s pi ri t o f g i v-i ng a ll t h e fl yi ng t o t h e Re se rv e Of f i-c er s t ha t w a s p os s ib le b y k ee pi ng t hea i rp l an e s i n e x ce l le n t c o n di t io n .

A l l o u r i n s t ru m en t f l yi n g, e x t en d eda ir n av ig at io n a n d n i g ht f ll gh ts w er emade with the three 'BT-2 'Bairplanes.

S ch oe n F i el d h as b ee n g re at lY i mp ro v -e d i n t he p as t t wo y ea rs w i t h t he h el po f a P . W.A . p ro je c t a nd t he s up er vi si o no f C a pt a in M.J. S mi th .A s a r es ul t, a llt yp es o f Ar my a nd N av y a ir pl an es a rel an di .n g t h er e. I t i s h o ~e d t ha t m o reo f t he Ar my ~ il ot s w il l l nc lu de S ch oe nF ie ld i n t he 1r i ti ne ra ry f or t he ir a irnavigation fliGhts.

W e c an a ll t ru t hf ul ly s ay t ha t d ur in gt hi s c am p w e r ec e iv ed a ll t he f ly in ga n d c o n s tr u ct i ve m i li t ar y k n ow l ed g e w ec ou ld t ak e - a nd t he n s om e - i n t ne 14d a ys a l lo t te d f o r a c t iv e d u ty t r ai n in g .At the c lose o f c~ we l eft for home

a nd a g o od r es t, h op in g t ha t w e w il lh av e a no th e r c am p n e x t y e a r a s s uc ce ss -f ul a s t he o n e j us t c om p le te d, b utw i t h m o re m o de r n a i rp l an e s.

---000---

T h e 3 7 t h A tt a c k S q ua d r on , s t a ti o ne da t L an g le y F i el d . V a w o r ke d a c o -o p er -a ti ve m is si on w it h t he C he mi ca l W ar fa re

S c ho ol a t E dg ew o od A rs en al , M d . I nA Ut ~s t 2 nd a n d 3 rd . T wo m ls si on s w er ef lo wn , t he f i rs t o ne Q on si st in g o f as mo ke s cr ee n l ai d a ro un d a b o a t w it hsuoae quenz d ye a t ta ck s m ad e t hr ou gh t hes cr ee n o n t he b oa t. T he s ec on d m is si onw as r em in is ce nt ~ f t he r e c en t W es t C Oa stM an eu ve rs . I t wa s a 3 :3 0 a .m . r ev ei ll ew it h a 4 :3 0 a .m . t ak e- of f. On t hi s mi ss io n. t hr ee s hi ps l ai d a s mo ke s cr ee n t op ro te ct a l an di ng p ar ty f ro m a b o at a n-c ho re d i n t he b ay . T he o t he r t hr ees h ip s a t t ac k ed t h e l a n di n g p a rt yt hr ou gh t he s cr e en u si ng d ye .

---000---Duri~ J u l y , t h e E n g i ne ~ ri n g D e pa r t-

m en t o f t he S an A nt on 10 A lr D ep ot o ve r-h au le d a t ot al o f 1 9 a 1r p1 an es a nd 5 8e ng in es a nd r ep ai re d 4 5 a ir pl an es a nd -2 2 e n gi n e s.

-3 -

. . U L Y 3 1 , 1 9 37 ~ m ar k ed t h e c l os -i ng o f o ne 01 t he m o st s uc -

c e ss f ul a n d i n s tr u ct i ve 1 4 -~

a ct iv e d ut y c a m ps f or t he Ai rC o rp s R e s er v e o f f ic e rs a tS c ho e n F i el d , F o rt B e nj a mi n -

Harrison, Indlana.U n de r t h e c a re f ul s u pe r vi s i on

a n d g u i da n ce o f t h e C o m ma n d in g O ff i ce ro f S c ho e n F i e l d, C a p ta i n M i l to n J. smith.A ir C or ps . w e w e re a bl e t o ge t o ur f il lo f f l yi ng f or o nc e a nd t o l ea ve w it h af ee li ng t ha t w e h a d a v e r y i ns tr uc ti vecamp.

C ap ta in C .F . C or ni Sh . A ir R es e rv e. t hes en i or o ff i ce r o f t he 3 09 th T ra in in gSg,uadron" assumed command and appointedh 1S s ta ff , a s f o l lo ws :

C a pt a in s F r ed W . Sommer, O perationsO ff i c er ; F r an k S. E still, E ngineeringO fficer; Charles E . H a ls t ea d , S u pp l y O f-f i ce r " a n d 2 n d L ie u t . B e r na r d M. Lloyd,Adjutant.

W it h a t ra in in g i ti ne ra ry p ub li sh ed b yCaptain M . J . S mi th , w e p la nn ed o ur t ra in -i ng s o t h at w e w e re a bl e t o ob ta in a sm uc h i ns tr uc ti ve f ly in g a nd t ra i ni n~ a sp os si bl e. W it h o n ly .t br e e o ac h P T - QAa nd B T- 3B a ir ~l an es , o f w h ic b o ~l y o nef ro m S ch oe n F le ld w as f ul ly e qu 1p pe dw it h i ns tr u me nt s a nd r ad io , w e d ec id edt o c o nc e nt r at e o n i n st r um e nt f l yi n g.

T h e m o rn in gs f ro m 7 :1 5 t o 1 1 :4 5 w er ed ev ot ed t o fl yi ng , a nd t h e af te r no on s t oc la ss r oo m- wo rk a nd l e c tu re s. W e a ls ou se d t he w e e k e nd f or e xt en de d c ro s s-country flying.

A s a ll o f t he p il ot s h ad s om e p re vi ou si n st r um e nt f l yi n g i n st r u ct i on , w e e n -d ea vo re d t o g ,u al if y a s m a ny f or t he I n-s tr u me nt F 1Y ln g T es t a s p o ss ib le . T hea ve r ag e p il ot t im e i n i ns tr um en t f ly in ga t t hi s c a mp w as 12 h o ur s , 5 m i nu t es .T wo p il ot s p as se d t he t es t.

T he a ve ra ge p il ot t im e i n Ai r N av ig a-t io n w a s 7 h ou rs a nd 4 0 m i nu te s; F or ma -tion F1~ingt ? h o ur s, 3 0 m i nu te s; N ig h tA ir N av lg a h on a nd 0t he r f ly in g, 1 h o ur ,5 5 mi nu te s. A ve ra ge t ot al p i lo t t im e,3 3 h ou rs a nd a ve ra ge t ot al t im e i n t hea ir . w hi ch i nc lu de d p il o t, s af e ty p il ota nd o bs er ve r t im e, w as 5 0 ho ur s a nd 3 7minutes.

G re at s tr es s w as p la ce d o n p u n ct ua li tyo f t a ke -o ff a nd l a nd i~ , a cc or di ng t ot he t im e on t he o pe ra tl on s o rd er s. I no rd e r t o e m p ha si ze t hi s p oi nt , w e i ns t i-g at ed a p en al ty s ys te m b y w hi ch t hep il ot w as f in ed t en c en ts f or b e in g l at eo n t ak e- of f o r l an di ng . l at e t o c l as se s.

l ea vi ng s wi tc he s o n, o r n ot f ol lo wi ngo pe ra ti on s o rd er s. T he m on ey t hu s c ol -l ec te d w as u se d i n f u r ni Sh in g a l un ch e ona t t he e nd o f t he c am p f or t he e nl is te dmen. It w as n o t s o mu ch t he f in e t ha th ur t t he o f fe nd er , b ut t h e k id di ng h er ec ei ve d f ro m h i s f el lo w o ff ic er s. H ow -e ve r, a ll t he pi lo ts e nt er ed i nt o t he

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

6/260

A C TI VI T IE S A T M OF F ET T F IE LD . C AL IF .

QI

' N D ERt h e r e ce n t s h a ke - up o f I t en da nc e b y o f fi ce rs a t R ot ar y a nd C ha m-' . Obs erv atio n unit s. Ma jor ber of C ~mm erce lu nch eon s hel ps m ai~ tai n

.... H or ac e S . K e.r ;y on ,sr., Ai r I t he g o od f ee li ng t ha t n o w e xi st s. M aj orC or ps . h e ad ed a g ro up o f l Oane Ll.a , th e P ost ~ rte rmas ter . is mos t

~/v s ev en o ff ic er s t ra ns fe rr ed a de pt a t th is t yp e of m an eu ve r.f rom B ro oks Fi eld, Tex as. to Fro m J ul y 18 th t o 31 st. the 3 15 th Ob -

M of fe tt F ie ld , C al if i n J un e. M aj or s er va ti on S ~u ad ro n. c om ma nd ed b y M aj orK en yo n a ss um ed c om ma nd o f Mo ff et t F le ld , C ha rl es H a~ ol d K ru se , A ir R es er ve , w asa nd C ap ta in C ou rt la nd M . Br ow n t oo k o ve r s ta ti on ed a t M of fe tt F ie ld . T he s qu ad -t he c o mm an d o f t he Ni nt h A ir B as e S qu ad - r on brought i ts ' o wn s hi ps - B T- 9' s a ndr on . F ir st Li eu t. Lo rr y N . T ind aloe - P T-3' s. a nd fl ew from mo rnin g ti llc am e Po st Op er at io ns a nd Ai r C or ps S up - n ig ht . c on du ct in g r ad io m is si on s a nd gun-p l y O ff i ce r , ~~d 1s t Li eu t. R ob er t A la n. n er y o n gr ou nd t ar ge ts i n t he B T- 9' s.Ad jut ant an d Pos t Exch ange Off icer . Fro m Au gus t 1st to 6 th, the 36 7th Ob-

S e c on d L ie u t s. H e r be r t D . S cr ul tz , J r., s er va ti on S au ad ro n, u nd er t he c om ma nd o fJ oh n A . P ec hu ls a nd R us se ll L. l !' lo lo , M aj or J oh n C la re nc e G ra y, a ls o f lJ Ti ng

Air Res erv e, w ere al l ass ign ed to the t hei r o wn ship s, p er for med the s ame typ e8 2n d Ob se rv at io n S qu ad ro n. o rg an iz ed u n- o f wo rk . B ot h o ut fi ts r ec ei ve d t hed e r M a j or Bushrod Hoppd.n , an d ccmpo s ed h i-g he st c om me nd at io n f ro m the Po a t O ~ e ra -l arg ely o f the per sonn el fro m B roo ks t ion s Of fice r for t heir tho rcug ~ tr a1n ~F iel d. in g and exc ell ent coc per atio n w ith th e

T he e nt ir e c om ma nd n ow c on si st s o f t h e p er ma ne nt i ns ta ll at io n.8 2 n d O b s e rv a t i o n Squadron, t"'. 1 e9t~1 Ai r On J uly 2 3r d, t he 315 th O bs erv ati onB as e S qu ad ro n, a nd a t ta ch ed M ec li ca l a nd S qu ad ro n e nt er ta in ed t he o ff ic er s a nd~ rt er ma st er t ro op s, t o ta li ng 3 05 e~- l ad ie s o f t he p os t a t a p ar ty , a nd o nl is te d m en a nd 15 o ff ic er s. ' l1h ea ir J ul y 30 th , t he 3 16t h Sq ua d.: ~o nJ oi ne d t hes tre ngth of the fie ld i s ruad e u p of two of fic ers of the p ost i n a par ty a nd

0-43 1 s , on e 0 -3 lA , o n e B T- 2 a n d o n e P ' 1' -3 .d a nc e .T ow 1 ia r~ e t w or k w it h t he s u rr o un di n g I T h e 3 67 tl l S qu a dr o n w a s o n t h' 3 f i el dC o as t A r t ~l ll ? ry s ta t io n s h a ~ f o rm e d t h e i f or o nl y f ~v e d ay s b ef or e l ea vi ng t ob ul k o f nn s sa cn a, a ll o f w hJ .c h h av e b ee n " take part an the Fourth Army Maneuvers,fl own by L i eut s. Pec hul s, Sc hul tz a nd and : fle w a ve: "7 ful l sche dul e duri ng .F~o 10. W i t h the r ece nt arri val of 2 nd th a t ti r.1 e."13') t h C a p ta i n . G e o rg e E.L :L eu t s. L eo n ar d . H u d so n , J r . a n d F r e de r - I I Henry, TJl1it I n st r uc t or , a n d M a jo r sic k L . M oo re , A ~r R es er ve g ra du at es o f K r u s e a nd G ra y a re t o b e c or ~r at u1 at edt he A dv an ce d F ly in S S ch oo i, K el ly F ie ld , f or the f in e u e rf or ma nc e o f t he t wol a st J un e

irelief Jo B i n si gh t. S ec on d acuadr-ons ;" s a ; y- st h e N e w s L et t e r C o rr e s -

Li eu t. W i l ar d R . L az ar us , A ir C or ps , pcnden t, ,/

the on ly Ai r Co rps R eser ve o ffi cer t o - --00 0-- -r ec e iv e a r e gu la r comrm a a i .o n a s a r e s ul to f la st s pr in g' s e xa mi na ti on s, h as a ls o LI GH TE R- TH AN -A IR A CT IVI TI ~S A T F T. LE WI Sa rr iv ed , a nd h e w as w el co me d a s a r el ie ft o o ff ic er s w el l l oa de d w ~t h a ss ig nm en ts . J ul y 2 0t h m ar ke d t he f ir st f li gh t i n

M aj or J os ep h J . Ca ne ll a, I nf an tr y,t oo k m a~ y ea rs o f a ca pt iv e b al lo on a t F or to ve r t he Q u a rt er m as t er p os i ti o n unon t he I L ew l .s , W a s ll i n gt o n. T h e o p e ra t i r) l l w a sd ep ar tu re o f Ma jo r J oe S. Unde'rwood , c o nd uc t ed . b y t he n ew l y c ') n st it ut e d 3 rdQ , u a r te r r n a s t e r C o r ~ s , f o r Panama, I : Ba l lo o n S qu a dr o n, w hi c h a r ri v ed J un e

J ul y w as s pe nt 1n o r ga ni zi ng , s et tl ir ~ 19t h a t Fo rt Le wi s f ro m M of fe tt F ie ld .d own a nd beco mil~ acq uain ted . ~ ne n ine Ca lif . Thi s mo ve te rmi nat ed the act ~vi -s et s o f o ff i ce r sT q ua rt er s o n t he f ie ld

It i es o f t h e 1 9t h A i rs h ip S qu a dr e ~ 55

a re a l l o cc up ie d, v il ii chm ea ns t ha t a ny m en o f wh ic h, t og et he r w it b f ou r o ff i-a dd it io na l m ar ri ed o ff ic er s w il l l iv e i n c er s. c on st it ut ed t he n uc le us f re mo ne o f t he s ur ro un di ng t ow ns . T he b ac he w hi ch t he 11h ir d B a1 10Ll n S qu ad ro n w as o r-lo rs a re we ll si tuat ed on th e no st i n g ani zed . The rema ini ng e nlis ted p erso n-t he bac h31 0r off ice rs' qua rte rs, w ith ne l was tr ans fer red to eith er the 82 n dr oom s t o sp are . The town of M ount ain Ob ser vat ion Sq uadr on o r t he 9t h A ir B as eVi e w i s o n e m il e a .W 8 ,y ;P a lo A l t o I 10 S q u ad r o n, b o t li 'a ) ~ M o f fe t t F i e ld , C a l if .m il es , S an J o se , 1 5, a nd E a.n F ra nc is co , T D.e 'T C- 13 a ir sh iu m ad e i ts f in al f li gh t36 mi le s. A f ou r-l an e h ig hw ay p as se s J f r om t ha t s t at i on ~n June 2nd, a nd w ast he g at e o f Mo ff et t F ie ld , s o th at g oi ng a t o n ce d ef la te d a nd p l ac ed i n s to ra ge .to town is a simp le m atte r. Pil ots on dut y w ith t he 3 rd Ba Ll.oon

R el at io ns w it h t he c i vi li an p op ul at io n S qu ad ro n, F or t L ew is , are M a j or s C l a r e n cea re c or di al . On J ul y 2 1s t, the people B. L ob e r, M i ch a el E . M c I; " ug o ,E lm e r J .o f M o un t ai n V ie w and L o s . A l to s e n t e r t a .i n B o w l : i .n ~ , C p , pt a i n Hayn..i eM cC or mi ck , W ~r -e d t he o ff ic er s a nd l ad ie s _of t h e f ie l d r-an t Of fi ce r R ob er tE . La ss it er . M as te rat a din ner' d anc e at t he Los .Alto s Se rgea nts R o nal d Sh ort a nd Arvi n M ille r.C ou nt ry C lu b, a t w hi 9h t im e M aj or K ~~ on , T ~c h: c.i ca l Se rg ea nt B en ja mi n C he sk a a nde xp re ss ed t he a p pr ec la ti on o f t he f 1e ~d i S ~a ff S er ge an ts H ar th , H ar pe r a nd F os sef or t he w el co me a cc or de d. F re qu en t a t - I ( C on t i n ue d o n P a g e 7).

-4 - V-7462, A.C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

7/260

" A N D I LEARNED .A J30U T F L Y I N G F R O M T H A T . II

C , ' R ob er t A . Wi ns to n, i n t he J ul y 1 5t h t hr ot tl e, Wh ic h,~ el pe d e as e t he B tr ~i nls~~o f T HE S POR T SM A N P I lO T a n d u n de r o f t h e c cn s ta n t Jo c ke y in g f c .rp o si h ont h e c a p t io n o f " N i gh t F o r ma t i o n II w r it e s n e ce s sa r y i n c r ui s in g a l o n g a t a h u nd -m o st i n te r es t in g ly r e ga r di n g s e ve r al 1 1- r e d k n ot s o n ly t e n p a ce s f r om t h e l e ad -lu si o ns he ex p er ie n ce d du r in g th e co u rs e e r. '

o f a ni gh t f or ma ti on f l ig ht . I n a n e di t A ft er w e p as se d S an D ie go , B ea leo r ia l n o t e p r e f ac i ng t h e a r ti c le , i t 1. c i rc l ed N o rt h I s la n d a n d h e ad e d w e st .' s ta te d : Th e ai r g re w ~ y a s w e cr o ss ed o v er

" ~ p il ot s ha ve h ad e xp er ie nc es s im i t he :B ay an d I o pe ne d my i n te r va l a f e wl a r t o t h o o n e Mr. W in st on r ep or ts , b u t y ar ds , w a tc hi ng B e al e' s s hi p c l os el y t oh e w as, the fi rst to a dm i.t it . T hi s av oid hi tU ng 1 t a .sh e s urg ed u p an da r o us e d s o mu.ch i nt er es t i n t h e N ay y t h at do wn i n t h e r o~ h. T he o u tl in e o ft h e B u re a u o f A e ro n au t ic s m a de a n i n ve 8 - B e al e 's s h ip gr e w d i mm e r a s I i n c r ea s edt i ga t io n of t h e p h en o me n on . I n c a s e y o u m y d i st a nc e a n d s t e~ - up , s o I s h if t edd o a n y f o rm a ti o n n i gh t f l yi n g J u st k e ep m y g a ze f r om t h e s h J.p i te e lf t o t h e,i n m in d w h at h a p pe n ed t o t h e au t ho r . II b r ig h t w h it e g l e am o f t h e t u rt l e- b ac k

M r . W in st on 's a rt ic le i s r ep ri nt ed i n l ig ht o n t h e t op o f t he f u se la &e . Ou tt he Ne ws Le tt er t hr ou gh t he c ou rt es y of c f t he c or ne r of ~ e ye I s aw t h e~ ~ S POR TS MA N P ILOT , a nd i s as f o ll ow s; l ig ht s o f t he ci ty c ra wl s lo wl y p as t b e -

, ' , r ilJ W m e a n d d is ap pe ar a s te rn . A he ad a ndW e t oo k o ff f ro m N or th I sl an d a t d us k., t o t h e r ig ht w er e t he l ig ht s o f La

B ea le , i n N um be r S ev en , w as l ea di ng t he J ol la , j ut ti ng ou t i n t) t he d a rk e x-s e ct i on . D e n v er s w a s o n t h e l ef t i n Num- p a ns e o f t h e P ac i fi c .b er E ig ht a nd I w as o n t he ri gh t i n N um - T he W es te rn s ky h ad b e co me o ve rc as t,b er N in e. B an ki ng s ha rp ly t o th e l ef t m er gi ng w it h t he s ea t o f or m a s el idt o a v o i d t h e t h r e e- h u .. "l d r ed - f oo tr id ge p al l : >fi ~ b la ck ne ss w hi ch o bl i t er at eo ,a lo ng P oi .n t Lu ma w e c ir cl ed t h e f ie ld a ll s ug ge st lJ n o f a h or Lz a n . A g ai n stf o r a lt i tu d e, w a I t in g f o r a n a sa l v o i ce t h is ,f o rm l es s ba c kg r ou n d B e a le ' s s h ip

t o c om e th ro ug h i n t he r ou ti ne ra di o n ow s e em ed su sp en de d i n sp aC A. E ve ryt e st : " F ig h ti n g On e G r ou : gf r om L ex i ng t on i n di c at i on o f m ot i on w a s b l o tt e d o u t b yB as e: t es t. A .c kn ow le aw e. A nd o ne a f t er t he a bs en ce o f a n yt hi ng a bo ve QJ:' b e l o wa no th er we a ns we re d: Le xi ~t on B as e h is s h ip w hi cl lm ig ht i nd ic at e d ir ec ti on ,f r om On e F o x S e ve n , a y e a y e. II " Ay e a ye s pe ed o r d is ta nc e. E ve n th e i nt er va lf r o m O n e F o x E i g ht ." IIN in e , a ye ay e1 " b et we en m y s h ip a n d B e a le ' s s e em e d a l -

T h is f o rm a li t y o v er , B ea l e l e d us d o wn t e re d t o s o m e s t ra n ~e n e w d i me n si o n.t h e S tr a nd p a s t C o ro n ad o t o B o rd e r F i el d , W h en h e d e cr e as e d h 1s s p ee d w i th t h ep r a c ti c i n g c r o ss - o ve r s f r o m V t o e C he l on ~ t h ro t tl e , t h e S h ip a h e ad d i d n ot s e emc ir cl in g o ve r S a n Ys id ro f or a f e w mo - c lo se r, bu t me re ly l ar ge r, a n d w Il en hem an ti t o l o ok a t t he g ar is h n s on l ig ht s i nc re as ed h is s pe ed , i ns te ad o f s ee mi ngo f T i j u an a a c r o ss t h e B o rd e r, t h en he a d- f a rt h er f r om m e , i t o n ly s e em e d s m a ll e r.i ug e a s t t o Ot ay M e sa . H er e h e t ur ne d Tt w a s l i k e t h e o p ti c a l i l l us i o n- o t he l ea d ov er t o D en ve rs , w ho l ed t he l oo ki ng a t o ne o f t h os e tr ic k dr aw in gsw ay a ro un d b et we en S an D1 eg o an d t he w l~ ic h r~ ve rs es i t se lf af te r y ou s ta rem ou nt ai ns t o C am p K ea rn sy , W he re D en ve rs a t i t f o r a f ew s ec on ds .tu rn e d the l e ad o v er t o m e. Ov er Ca mp I bl i nk ed my e y es , a n d t h e i l lu s io nK ea rn ey , I b ro ke u p t he s ec ti on f o r t h e d is ~J pe ar ed , bu t i n a f e~ m om en t~ i tu s u al p e r io d o f p r a ct i c e l a n e. i ug s , s i g - r-eturned. I b Lf.nked agaan, but J.t re -n a li ng fo r a r en d ez vo u s h al f an ho ur m ai n ed . I s h oo k m y h e ad , a n d a g a i ~l a t er a n d t u r ni r .. .gt he l e ad b ac k o ve r t o t hi ng s w e re n O l' m~ l; d i s ta nc e w as n oB ea le , wh o h ea de d f or N or th I sl an d. l Ol :g er s iz e, b ut d i st an ce , a s i t s ho ul d

T he n igh t wa s co ol , bu t I ha d wo rn a be .

h e a vy f l y in g s u : ,t o ve r my f li gh t ja ck et S ta ri n[ ; in te nt ly a t t he w hi te l ig hta nd f el t v er y c om fo rt ab le . A s w e p as s- j ah ea d o f me , I c o~ ce nt ra te d o n t h e t a ske d n or th o f S an D i eg o, I e as ed ba ck a 1o f k ee pi ng t he i nt er va l be tw ee n t he t w of ew y ar ds t o e nj oy t he br il li an t p at te rn s ~i ps f r om c h an gi ng . T hi s t im e I f e l to f t h e r nw r ia d o f t w i~ k li n g l ~ gh t s" b el OW . \ i ~ w i th a d i st i n~ t s n ap a s t h e d i me n -

T h is w a s t h e w ay n J .~ h t f ly 1n g s n ou l d i s ~ o ns r e v e rs e d t n e m s el v e s. I r r it a t e d,b e, I to ld m ys el f. 5 1n gl e s ea te rs we re I j er ke d m y h e ad a r ou n d a n d l o ok e d b a ckth e o nl y thi ng - n obo dy rid ing be hi nd ov er m y r i gh t s h ou l de r a t t h e l i g ht s o fy ou t o w or ry a bo ut i n ca se o f t r ou bl e - t he c it y b eh in d m e. I ns ta nt ly m y s e n s eh o p o v e r t h e s i de i f t h e e ng i ne q u it , o r o f o r i en t at i oa r et u rn e d; m y p l an e w a se Ve n s et ' em d o wn o n a s tr ip o f l i ig hw ay n o l on ge r s us pe nd ed i n s pa ce , bu t m ov -

i f t h e l a nd i ng l i gh t w a sn ' t o n t h e b l in k . l n g f o r w ar d .F ly in g t he se s tu bb y f ig ht er s wa s a r ea l A l t ho ug h m y b a ck w ar d g l an c e h a d b e ent re at a ft er t he s lu gg is h o~ se rv at io n b ri ef , I l oo ke d a he ad a ga in , ju st i n ti mes hi ps w e h ad t ra in ed i n/ .a nd I ha d n ev er t o av oi d h it ti ~ B ea le 's s hi p, w h ic h h aaf el t m or e c om fo rt ab le w ml e f l; yi ng a t b ee n th ro wn :.u p a n fr on t o f me b y an ig ht t ha n I d id t he n. T he s h1 p r es po nd - v i ol en t u p dr af t. T hi s w o ul d n ev er d o, Ie d t o s l i g ht e st t o u c h of t h e c o nt r ol s o r r e al i ze d . B a ck g ro u nd c r n o b ac k gr o un d ,

V-7462, A. C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

8/260,

I m us t k ee p my e ye s wh er e t h ey b el on ge d h ig h- pi tc he d s cr ea m o f t he , r, i.r esg r a d : -or I wo ul d b e .in r e al t r ou b le . u a Il y d e sc e nd ed th e sc al e , t he g a Ie .d l.e d

A q ui.ck g lan ce ov er at D env er s' sh ip d ow n an d my s i gh t r e t u rn e d e n ou g h P r. m es h ow e d m e that rrrf o wn i nt er va l w as t oo ' t o s ee a g lo w : w hi ch n ar ke d a n ,unnatural ..c lo s e, na ki n g a n un e ve n f o~ t io n. ' Th e 1 .y h i gh h o ri zo n . ' , .,s eco nd pl ane i n t he s ec ti on a lv~ vs s et S tea din g d ow n o n t hi s, I g lan ce d ,a t .t he i nt er va l, s o I o be di en tl y e as ed my my i n s t ru m e n ts s a i r -s p e ed 170 k n o t s , _ ' a l -

t hr ot tl e a nd d ro pp ed b ac k a f ew y a r ds u n- t it ud e 200 f ee t. Q ui ck ly I j e rk ed t heti l I wa s ev en w ~t h D en ve r s. s t ~c k b ac k a na th e bl ac k h or i zo n dr op pe dA f ew s ec on ds l at er t he o th er t wo s hi ps a br up tl y b en ea th m e t o r ev ea l t he l ig ht s

b ank ed u p i n a r ig ht tu rn. I sta rt ed t o of S an Di eg o d oa d ah ead . I ha d al mos tf ol Io !, bu t t he c on tro ls fe lt q uee r. p lo wed s tra ig ht i nto the r id ge o f Po intG la nc ~g a t t he tu rn -a nd -b an k i nd ic at or , l lo ma .I sa w th at t he poi nte r in dic at ed a le ft Onl y t hen , ~ ~t h the r eal iza tio n o f t het ur n, w hi le t he b al l s ho we d a r ig ht -o ai ik . f at e I h ad s o n ar ro wl y e sc ap ed , d id f ea rN o he lp th ere 1 I t ho ugh t; Be al e m us t be se t in . I fe lt s ud den ly c ol d and w eak .s ki dd in g h is t ur n. S oo n i t b ec am e a pp ar - T he t ho ug ht o f wh at h ad a lm os t h ap pe ne de nt t ha t I wa s f al li ng b eh in d t he o th er s, w e.s r ep ug na nt , a nd i n a f e w s ec on ds i tw ho w er e a bo ve a nd a he ad o f m e. I a d v an e g re w l ik e a n e no rm ou s, i nt an gi bl e ' th in ge d my t hr ot tl e, b ut t he d is ta nc e i nc re as - o f ap pa ll in g p ro po rt io ns , a s my m in d 'e d. S oo n I wa s i n a v er tic al ba nk, b ut t ri ed t o di sb e1i ev e i t. M y kn ees w er est il l t he y we re ~u lli ng a wa y f ro m me. s hak in g s o h ard t ha t I c ou ld h ar dl y ke ep

D es pe ra te ly I Ja mn ed o n f ul l g un , p as t m y f ee t o n t he c on tr ol s.t he t hr ot tl e- st op , i n a n e ff or t t o c at ch An i n si s te n t v o ic e i n m y e a r- ph o ne su p. B ut st ill t hey p ull ed ah ead o f me . r eca ll ed me s " One F ox Ni ne l One Fo xA g l an ce a t Jrl ' . [ a ir sp ee d i nd ic at or s ho we d N in e f ro m On e F o x S e v en t A ck no wl ed ga t II139 k no ts ,. w i" th t he sp ee d i nc re as in g. M ec ha ni ca ll y I l if te d th e d an gl in gS t~ ll t h e ~ nk y b la ck ne ss g av e m e n o h in t m ic ro ph on e a nd f or ce d.m yS el f t os pe 8.k :of my di rec ti on. T he o the r t wo s hi ps t.On e F ox S ev en f ro m One F ox N in e: m vw er e n ow b ank ed up v ert ic all y a bov e m e. go ggl es b lew o ff . A m r et ur ni ng t o o as e.

M y f ee li ng o f h e lp le ss ne ss c ha ng ed t o r e - A CK no wl ed ge ~"s en tm e nt . \ Vha t wa s t h at da m ne d f oo l "One F ox S ev en , a ye a y e."B ea le t ryi ng to do : A w ing -o ver ? .Of al l M y rr in d le ap ed t o th e new t ask . Th et he cra z y t h in g s to do at ni gh t ~ I l ig ht s o f N o r th I sl an d we r e b en ea t h m er eac he d fo r m y m ic rop ho ne t o p rot es t. a nd m y en gin e was p ur rin g a lon g a s

S wi ft ly t he o t he r t wo s hi ps d ri ft ed s mo ot h~ .v a s i f n ot hi ng h ad e ve r h ap pe ne da wa y a nd di sap pe are d a bo ve me . A lo ne T he TIh ol e i nc ide nt s eem ed fa r a wa y, im -s ta r a ppe ar ed d ea d ah ea d o ve r my e ngi ne p os si ble , I fe lt wa rm ag ain , a nd Jr l ' Jc ow li ng . S ud de nl y I f el t t he s ~c ke ni ng ,. k ne es s to pp ed s ha ki ng . w ip in g m y e ye sl os t, s us pe nd ed -i n- sp ac e s en sa ti on w hi ch w it h t he b ac k o f my g l ov e, I l iu nc he dp re ce de s a w hi p- st al l. M y m in d f l as he d f or vm rd t o ~a ke a d va nt a~ e o f t he s ca nt ya he ad t o t he c on se qu en ce s: a v er ti ca l p ro te ct io n o ff er ed b y t ~e \ 7i nd sh ie ld

cl i mb t h e su d de n l os s o f fl yi n~ a nd s ca n ne d t ho ho r iz o n.s p ee d w hi c h w ou ld fo l lo w th e v~ o - Fa r abo v e m e~ th e o th er t wo pI an osl en t f or wa rd l ur ch o f t he p l an e f ro m t he w e~ e c ir cl in g t he f ie ld t og et he r. Of fw ei gh t o f t he h ea vy e ng in e i n i t s n os e . t o m y r ig ht a nd b el ow m e, a d iv is io n o ft he r en di ng c ru nc h a s t h e e ng in e w ou ld b e S co ut in b F ou r v ms b re ak in g u p d ov nl o ve rs n ap pe d off i t s mo un t in gs . t he S tr an d . Vi ol at i ng al l co ur s e ru le s ,

F ra nti ca lly I s ho ved t he st ic k a ll t he I c ut in a hea d of t he m a nd n os ed d ownw ay f or wa rd i n an a t te mp t t o r ec ov er f ro m t ov mr ds t he f lo od l ig ht a t t he e nd o ft he s ta ll, b ut in st ead of l eve ll ing o ff , t he l ~~ di ng m at. I nur sed t he sh ipi nt o no rm al f li gh t, t he s hi p be ha ve d a s l al on ~ ina p ow er ~ li de , e as ed i t d o wni f p o ss e ss e d; t h e c o nt r ol s s t if f en e d, t h e I ' u n ti l . t h e w h ee l s t o uc h ed , C h op p ed . t h e

w ir es s cr ea me d a nd t he e ng in e h ow le d l ik e t hr ot tl e b ac k, a nd r ol le d t o a n e as ya th ou s an d d e vi ls . M y g o ~g le s wer e st o p. ' I' h en, af te r I w a s s af el y d ow n,s na tc he d f ro m m y h ea d a s ~ f by a n u ns ee n , my kn ee s b eg an t o s ha ke a ga in s o vi o-ha n d a nd the wi n d t or e at my e ye s . I I le n tl y t ha t I c o ul d h ar dl y t ax i b ac k t of elt t he sa fet y be lt d ig in to m y t hi gh s t he l mn gp, r.a nd t he b lo od b ul gi ng t he v ei ns , o f m y ! ' l ~ m ec ha ni c s ta re d a t D e c ur io us ly a she ad, a nd k ne w t ha t I had g one o ver o n I d rai jg ed my se lf ou t of th e na rro w co ck -M y.b ac k a nd t h at t he s hi p wa s i n in ve rt ed jP it . E ve ry th in g a ll r ig ht , s ir ?" h ef l ~g ht . . a sk e d as h e ex t e~ d ed th e in s pe ct i on

T h i s vas t he f ir st i nd ic at io n o f my I s he et f or m e t o s ig n.t ru e p re di ca me nt t ha t I h ad h ad f or s ev - I t t Y es " ) I a n s w e r e d s l o wl y , " e v er y t hi n g ~ ;e ra l s e co nd s. F or tu na te ly t he s a fe ty I a ll r i~ h- ~. B ut y o u v er y n ea rl y l os t,b el t v as f ai rl Y. t ig ht , a nd I c o ul d s ti ll I ' yo u r a~ rp l an e t on i e; h t." ,r ea ch t he r ud de r p ed al s w it h m y t oe s. "HO'o7 w as t ha t, s ~r ?1 tB li n de d b y t he t er r if ic g al e t hat b eat F or a lon g m ome nt I l o ok e d b ac k ov e ri n t o m y e y es , I i n st in c t~ ve l y we nt m y sh ou l de r a t t he bl ac k pa l l o vert hr ou gh t he m ot io ns o f a h a lf -r ol l, e as - P oi nt Lo ma . t il d on 't k no w," I r ep li edi ;n g t he t hr ot tl e a .t t he s am e t im e. T he ,v ag ue ly . " My g og gl es b le w o ff ." A b-

. -6- V-7462, A. C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

9/260$ &

s en tl y I s i g ne d t he i ns pe ct io n s he et a ndw al ke d s lo wl y a wa y t ow ar ds t he s qu ad ro no ff ic e. T he g ro un d f el t 8 tr ~l ge ly warma nd c om fo rt in g u nd er ~ f ea t an d t h el i gh t s B e el U ed u n us u al l y b r ig h t a n d p l ea s -ant.

A f ew m in ut es l at er t he o th er s h ur ri ed

u p. " Wh at t h e d ev il h ap pe ne d t o y o u ?" d e-m an de d B ea le . " Wh y d id y ou r un away fromus?"

t ' Ru n a wa y f r om y o u? " Icried W1 rily."It's t he o th er w a y a r ou nd 1 Vl hy dfd y o ug o i nt o th at w in g- ov er ? Y ou n ea rl y s pu nm e i n ~t t

~ t w in g-o ve r? \ Vh at a re yo u t al ki ngabout""'ll'

" Do n' t t r y t o g i ve m e t ha t s tu ff l Y ouk no w we ll e no ug h. W he n w e w ar e h ea de d

w es t o ve r M is sJ .o n B ea ch . Y ou w en t i nt o ar i gh t w i n ~- o ve r , a n d In ea rl y d id a w h i p-s t al l t r YJ .u g t o k e E! p u p w i th y o u. I damn-e d n e ar w en t i n b el or e Igot straightenedout."

"But we d i dn ' t t u rn r i ~h t lt 1 p r ot e st e dBeale. "W e t u rn e d l e ft !

"Yeah,1t said Denvers; "and Il o ok e d o u ta nd s aw y ou b an ke d u p o n yo ur s ide . Y ouh u ng t h er e a m in ut e, t he n d iv ed o ut u nd eru s li ke a f la sh. T ha t \78.8 t he l as t wes aw o f y o u u nt il we h ea rd y ou o ve r t ~ er ad io a nd s aw y ou c om i.~ i n t o l an d. t

Imust have paled visJ.b1r.."Then youn ev er t ur ne d t o t he r ig ht ?

" Of o ou rs e n ot ," s ai a B ea le . "I wa sa bo ut t o b r in g u s h o me , b ef or e y ou b us te du p t he f or na ti on . ' fe d id n' t k no w w he ret he d ev il y ou h ad g on e, t il l y ou f in al lya n sw e re d a f te r Ih ad c al le d y ou a bo ut f i vti m, )s.,

"Then I~ s h ea de d s tr ai gh t d o' :m , i n-s te ad o f up , Isaidn shuddering.

n wh at d o y o u m ea n? , as ke d D e nv er s.ttl f el t l ik e I \"18.6 a bo ut t o d o a w hi p-stall," Isaidt .s o Ip us he d o ve r, b uti ns te ad o f h e ad in g s tr ai gh t u p, Imusth av e h ea de d s tr ai gh t d ow n. Ithought Isaw a s ta r d ea d a he ad , b ut i t m us t h av eb ee n a l ig ht o n t he b ea ch .1t

" Yo u m e an y ou p us he d o ve r o n y ou r b ac kf ro m t h re e t h o us an d f ee t? M a sk ed B e a ksincredulously.

"Yes," Ia n sw e re d f a in t ly , n a nd vJi thf u ll g u n. "

" Gr ea t F i sh t" S Ai d D e nv er s. " Th en y o udid an o u ts i de 1 0 0p lK

" Ju st h al f o f o ne ? Im an ag ed t o r ol lout of it at the bo~tom." '

"Well~ if t:b,at'sthe caset"drawledB ea le , ' fr om n ow o n y o u' re J us t l iv in go n b o r r ow e d t i me P '

"Fine damn t hi ng l~ s ai d D an ve rs f ac e-t io us ly . " We 'd n ev er h av e f ou nd y o u.W e' d h av o b ee n o ut t he ra a ll n ig ht d ro p-ping flares on the water." ,

"I g u es s y o u w o ul d . I m us t h av e h adc lo se t o t hr ee h un dr ed k no ts o n t h e v mydown."

" Ho w o n e ar th d id y ou e ve r g et m ix t3 du p l ik e t ha t? ", a sk ea B ea le .

ttl d o n' t k n ow . I c ou ld h av e s wo rn y ouw er e t ur ni ng t he o th er way."

" It 's e as y t o g e t c on fu se d o n a d ar knight, tt s ai d D an ve rs . " On e n ig ht d oo mat Pensacola w e w er e f ly in g c ro ss -COl,ll1tI:Yf o rm a ti .o n t o M a bi l s, a n d I , p; o tb al le d u p a s wa c ro ss ed t he b ay . W li enw e g ot t he re , Il oo ke d o ut a nd t he rewa s M Ob il e c oc ke d u p a t a f or ty -f iv e

degree a ng le . ' Gr ea t G un s~ ' e ay s I,' is Mo bi le b ui lt o n t he s id e o f a h il l? 'B ut i t was m e w ho was b an ke d u p o n mys i de , a s Ifound when I s pu n o ut o f t h eforn~tion." .

" Ye s, t l~ t' s i t; t ha t' s e xa ct ly w ha th a pp e ne d t o m e . "

W e h un g u p o ur f li gh t g ea r a nd s ta rt -e d o u t i nt o t he n i g ht , W al ki ng a lo ngs il en tl y f or a f ew m om en ts . S ud de nl yr r ea li ze d f or t h e f ir st t im e h ow c lo seIh ad c om e t o h av in g m y l i fe s n uf f edo ut l ik e a d ro pp ed c an al e. I could al-m os t S Ge t he o th er s s or ti ng o ut m yi um bl ed p er so na l e ff ec ts t o s hi p h om e."'By the vay,tt Is a id a b se n tl y , " " th ek ey s t o m y t r un k a r e int he t op d ra we ro f m y d r es se r. D on tt g o bu st in g i topen It

" S; y, w ha t a ro y ou m um bl in g a bo ut ?t t

asked BealsA . \ }"Nothing" I s a id , s * pp i ng Ra.ck.. WJ..th.)

e atart. Oome on; let seat. .

. ---000---., -~~.

Li gh te r t ha n A ir A ct iv it ie s a t Ft. LewiE( C on t in u ed f r om P a ge 4 ).

a l so a c co m pa n ie d t h e ba l lo o n s q ua d ro ni n t he m ov e t o i t s n ew s ta ti oI 4

A l l t h os e i n te r es t ed i n li g ht e r- t ha n -a ir a ct iv it ie s r eg re t t he ~a ss in g o f t hea ir sh ip a nd i ts u s ef ul a ct ~v it ie s i n t h EA ir C or ps p i ct ur e. I n fi na l t ri bu te t o

t he T C- l3 , a b r i ef summary o f i tsa ch ie ve me nt s i s p er ha ps i n o rd er .This airship ' W a s i n c o nm i ss i on j u st

o ve r f ou r y e ar s, d ur in g w hi ch t im e i tf le w 3 8 1 9 h ou rs . T he l o ng es t d is ta nc ec ov er ed w as 1 85 4 m il es w hi ch w as f lo wnat 65 m il es p er h ou r a ir s pe ed a nd a d-v er se w in d o ve r much o f t he j ou rn ey . At40 m .p .h . i t ha d a c o~ ut ed s til l ai rr an ge o f 3,5 00 m il es . T ae l o~ es tf li gh t i n po in t o f t im e w a s s L.g ht lyover 76 h ou rs . T hi s f li gh t w as t er mi n-a te d o n a cc ou nt o f w e at he r, a nd a t t ha tt i me o v er 50 0 g a ll o ns o f f u el r e ma i ne d .T hi s w as ~ ro ba bl y t he f i rs t a ir sh ip c on ~s t ru c te d ~ n w h i c h a c tu a l p e rf o rm a nc ee x ce e de d t h at l a id down in specifica-tions.

It i s i nt er es ti ng t o n ot e t ha t t heo ve ra ll d es ig n s af et y f ac to r w as f ou rt im es t ha t o f many l ar ge r ig id a ir -s h ip s , w h ic h p r ov e d its v al ue w he n t heT C- 13 o ut ro de a s to rm , d ur in g w hi ch

w i nd v e lo c it i es e x ce e de d 65 m i le s p e rhour and g r ea t t u rb u le n ce e x is t ed .- - - 0 0 0 . . . .-

ATTENTION: A S p r ev ; Qu a ly s t at e d, t h eN e ws L et t er most c o rd i al l y w e lc o me s s t ori ea f ro m p il ot e u nd er t he h e a di ng : ".And JL earned About F~iDg From That. II

V-7462, A.C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

10/260

AIR PLAN E S DO CRASH:By C a pt a i n H e r be r t :8. Wright, FUght SUrgeon.

3 7t h D i vi .s i on A v i at i on , O hi o N a t io n al G u a rd

I s t he re a ny th in g t ha t y ~ u c an d o a bo ut I p la ne p il ot s h av e b ee n k il le d b y t he irt ha t? I nd eo d t he re i s, i r-y ou a re f fi ly - b ei ng r us he d f ro m t h e s co ne o f a n a c-w he re n ea r t he s de ne o f th e a c ci do nt . D ur - c id en t i n a n u ns ui ta bl e c on ve ya nc e a s

i ng a ct iv e a or vi ce t o n m an eu ve rs , o r d ur - h av e b e en k il ~e d b v a ir pl an e c ra sh esi ng t ra in in g p er io ds , y ou m ay v er y w el l themae l.vea, T o d e po si t a s er io us ly i n-s ee a n air plane c rack- up a nd be ncar jured perso n i n a passe nger auto mobil ee nough to render ass istan ce. It s eems \a nd dr ive h im a t s ixty mile s a n h ou rVl or th W hi le t o i nf or m t he t ro op s t hr ou gh - , ov er r ou gh r oa ds t o t he n ea re st h os pi -out t he State in reg ard to somo of t he /tal is t he worst pos sible th in~ th atp ec ul ia r p ro bl em s w hi ch m ay a ri se a t th e c ~~ b e d on e. T Il e f ur th er S hOC K o fs ce ne o f an a c ci de nt . T he m e n o f o ur o ~ m , ro ug h h an dl in g, m ov em en t o f f ra ct ur eds qu a dr on a re f o .n 1i l ia rw it h t he b e st m et h- \ b on es , i n cr ea s e i n b l ee d in g a nd u nc o m-o ds o f re nd er in g n id b ut c ha nc es a re g oo d I f or t ab le p o si ti o ns i s o f te n j us t e no u ght ha t i f a n ac ci de nt o cc ur s i t v~ ll b e i n I to c au se f at al it y, w he re as i f th e c as e

t er ri to ry r em ot e f r om t he l an di ng f ie ld . h ad b e en h an dl ed p ro pe rl y h e m ig ht h av eOt her t roops y lil l be th e firs t on the h ad a c hanc e t o survi ve. Jus t becaus es po t an d s ho ul d b e f a mi li ar w it h t he b e st a m an 's l if e i s a t s t ak e d on 't t hi nkm et ho ds o f s up ~l yi ng i nt el li ge nt a id . t ha t a ct io n f or a ct io n' s s ak e i s n ec os -

Th e fir st th ing to do is t o g et the pi- sary . M ore he lp to t he injur ed is g iv-l ot an d p as se ng er s o ut o f t he ai rp la ne e n b y c on si de re d a nd i nt el li ge nt d el ayf or m os t f re qu en tl y i f th e c ra sh h as b eo n t ha n c an ~ os si bl y c om e f ro m h ur ri ed u n~a s ev er e o ne ? th e p eo pl e i nv ol ve d h av e c on si de re a " do in g s om et hi ng a bo ut i t" .b ee n pi nn ed ~ n th e wr ec ka ge . A c oo l c ol - S o l ay t he p at ie nt o n th e g r ou nd a ndl ec te a p er so n w il l h av e o ne t ho ug ht u p- k ee p h im t he re u nt il a s u it ab le l it te rpermost inh i s r : t i. ndu po n a pp r o ac hd ng t he c an b e d ev f.s ed a nd a n a mb ul an ce o bt ai n.w re ck , t ha t i s, t he d an ge r o f fi re . G as - I e d, t h en , d on 't t ur n o n t he s ir en a ndo li ne f ro m b rOk en t ro lk s i s us ua ll y s pr ay - t ry r o- Im it at a B ar ne y Ol df ie ld o n th ead over the airpl ane and s ur round ing way to ~h e ho spita l. The sp eed o f t heg ro u nd . I nf l an rr ,~ bl e fa b ri c, c lo th i ng ,a n d a mb ul a nc e o n a ny b u t t h e sm oo t he st ,n ea rb y o bj ec ts , b ec om e s oa ke d v dt h i t a nd s tr ai gh te st , r oa ds s ho ul d n ot e xc ee dt he s li gh te st s pa rk m ay c re at e a t ra gi c . t1t l en ty m i le s " an h o ur a nd t e n m i le s a nf la mi ng p yr e. T he f ir st i mp or te .n t t l1 in g h ou r i s of te n m uc h b e tt er .o ne c an d o i s to o rg ro li ze t he c ro wd a bo ut i va rm th i s o f e xt re me i mp or ta nc e t othe wre ck so as to pre vent fire . The re a nv6ne -5eri ously inju red. The w orda lw ay s i s a c r o wd , yo u k no wt t he y s ee m to l ls ho ck

ll m ea ns t ha t t he c ir CU la to ry a p-s pr in g u p f ro m no wh er e. D e~ in it e g ua rd s ~ ar at us h as b ee n c on fu se d a nd b ec om es ho ul d be po st ed t o k ee p th e s pe ct at or s ~ na de qu at e. T he pa ti en t' s e xt re mi ti es

back and se e that no one i n t he cro wd i s a re c old; he is pa le; and he is pr oba-smok ing. Yo ur e ffo rts may the n safe ly b ly unco nscio us. E v eryth ing p ossib leb e c on ce nt ra te d u po n r em ov in g t he i nj ur - s ho ul d b e d on e t o r ai se h is t em pe ra -ed fr om t he vrrec ked a irplan e. In doi ng tur e t o n orm al. E ven on hot days h et hi s i t m ay b e n e ce ss ar y t o s aw t hr ou gn I s ho ul d b e c ov er ed a nd o n t he c ol de rc er ta in m em be rs o f t he s tr uc tu re . I n I d ay s h e s ho ul d h av e b la nk et s a nd c lo th -t hi s c as e~ d on 't f or ge t t ha t d an ~r o f I i ng p il ed o n inp ro fu si on . I f ho t w at -f ir e i s s t il l p re so nt a nd u nl es s" j O u r - e r bo tt le s a re a va il ab lo p ut t he m a thaCi saw i s ke pt w ell oil ed it muy c re- I e ac h f oo t, a t t he s id es o f th e b od y,ate a s park vm~ch vd ll to uct off that ar.d a long the a rms a nd legs. Be c aro~lurk ing de mon; St atic sparks m ay also l ul abou t burni ng an u ncons cious pe r-o cc ur a nd s h? u~ d b e g ua rd ed a ga in st a s I s ~n wi th h ot v ~t er b ot tl e~ . I t ~s e as -w el l a s po ss ~b le . I nt er fe ri ng v ~t h t he I ~ ly d on e a nd J us t a s e as ~l y a vo ~d ed b yb at te ry o r ba tt er y c ab le s i s a d an ge ro us I 'P la ci ng a p ie ce o f th in c lo th in g b e-o pe ra ti on a nd s ho ul d b e le ft u n ti l t he t we en t he h ot w at er b ot tl e a nd . th e a ki n!occu pants ha ve b een s afely r emov ed. R ~lie f of pa in wi thout t he us e of hyp-

\ nl en t he p il ot a nd p as se ng er s h av e b ee n n ot IC s c an b e a c co mp li sh ed i n t he f ie ldrem oved they s houl d be carri ed a s afe by immo biliz in~ a n t f r a ct u r ed b o n es .d is ta nc e f ro m t he s ce ne o f t he w re ck a nd Pa i n occurs w en t l e b r ok en -e nd s o fl ai d u po n a b la nk et

lcoat, or whate ver b ones rub 011 e ac h o th er . S ho ck i s i n-

mat erial is av ailab e. The cardi nal c reased euch t ime pain o ccur s. It b e-rul es in the treat I:lent of shoc k the n c omes h ig hly impor tant, th erefo re, toc om es i nt o fo rc e an "d 'm us t b e fo ll ow ed s pl in t th e f r13.e tu re si mm ed ia te ly . M et h-

imp licit ly. The y inc lude: ods of spli nting are w ell desc ribed in1. K e ep th e pati ent ~i.et . TR 112-.5 a nd s ho ul d b e f am il ia r t o a ll .2 . K ee~ the pati ent wa rm; If u Thoma s s plint i s ava ilable it ,3. R el~ eve the pat ieiit 'S pain shou ld be appli ed innn ediat ely. The4 . sto ~ t he ble eding . trac tion on t he liwb is im porta nt b e-" Qu ie t m ea ns mo t~ on le ss a nd i n re po se . c au se w he n a bo ne i s b ro ke n t he m u sc u-

I t na s o ft en b ee n 6a ~d t ha t a s ma ny a ~r - l ar a c ti on t en ds t o pu ll t he f ra gm en ts

V-7462, A. C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

11/260

b t l~ e di n gd s to p pe d , y o uh h av e d o ne e v er y -h ~ n g a o c t ~ r mg h t a v e do n e e x ce p t

g ive h im m orp hi ne . I t i s ho pe d t ha tb y t he t im e a ll t he se m an eu ve rs h av eb ee n a cc om pl is he d, t he s er vi ce s o f am ed ic al o ff ic er ~ ll h av e b ee n o bt ai ne d.I f t he o ff ic er h as a rr iv ed h e w il l t ak eC h a o r go a n d y o u r r es po ns ib il it ie s a re

e nd ed a s f ar a s t he p at ie nt g oe s. Y ous ho ul d m ak e s ur e, h ow ev er , t ha t t he a ir -p la ne i s wa ll g ua rd ed t o p re ve nt t he fto f i ns tr um en ts a nd o th er v al ua bl eG o v e rn m e n t p r o p e rt y .

Ift he m ed ic al o ff ic er h as n ot a r-r iv ed y ou r n ex t m ov e i s t o w ai t. Vf ua td o y o u w a it f or ? - F or t wo t nI ng s:F ir st , a nd t he m os t i mp or ta nt , t he p ar -t ia r- re oo ve ry o f y ou r p at ie nt . Y ouh op e t ha t h is p ul se w il l b ec om e s lo we r

a nd e as ie r t o f e el , a nd y ou h op e t ha th is c ol or r et ur ns , a nd t ha t h e r eg ai nsc on sc io us ne ss . Y ou s ho ul d b e w il li ngt o w ai t a n h ou r fo r so me o f t he set hi ng s t o h a pp en b ef or e y ou c on si de rmo vi ng h im . T he s ec ond t hi ng y ou w aitf or i s a p ro pe r l ~t te f" an a a p r op er c on -v e; ~n ce i n wh ic h t o t r~ n~ po rt ~ he p a-t ie nt t o t he n ea re st m ed ~c al a ~d . Y ou rp at ie nt m us t b e t r an sp or te d s lo wl y i na c om fo rt ab le p os it io n w it ho ut a ny m o r em ov em en t o n h ~s p ar t t h~ 1 c an b e h el pe d.

I f h e h as to b e c ar ri ed t o a s ui ta bl er oa d, t ha t i s m uc h b et te r t ha n g et ti ngt he a mb ul an ce b og ge d d ow n i n t he s am ef i el l i n w r r i. cht h e a i rp l an e c r as h ed . Int ra ns po rt in g t ho v at ie nt b y l i tt er , d oit s lo wl y a nd a vo ~d j os tl in g h im a b o ut .

T he a bo ve s ug ge st io ns a pp ly t oa ut o- 'm ob il e a nd s im il ar a cc id en ts a s w el l a st o t ho se c on ce rn in g a ir pl an es . I t i sh op ed t ha t s ho ul d t he o cc as io n a ri se ,t hey w il l b e a fa ct or i n p ro mp t an d

I e ff ic ie nt f ir st a id .- Fr om Oh W G ua rd sm an .---000---

~ as t e ac h o th er . I f th is m us cu la r a ct io n~ s c o un te ra ct ed t he j ob o f pr op er ly s et -t in g t he f ra ct ur es l at er w il l b e m uc hs im pl er . I f f or ma l a pp ar at us o f t hi ss or t i s n ot a va il ab le ! a f ra ct ur ed l im bm ay b e p la ce d in a p i l ow , f ol de d b la nk eto r c oa t; a s ti c k of wo o d o r a p iec e o f .b oa rd w hi ch i s pl ac ed o n e a ch s id e o f th e

l im b a n d e xt en ds t hr ou ~h ou t i ts e nt ir el en ~t h c an t he n b e h el ~ inp la ce b y a ne nc ~r cl in g p ie ce o f ba nd ag e o r r op e. T hi sn ot o nl y r el ie ve s m os t o f th e p ai n b uta ll ow s t he p at ie nt t o b e m o ve d w he n t hep ro pe r t im e c om es .

C on tr ol o f b lee d~ i s o f equ al i mp or t-a nc e i n co mb at ing so ck . M os t b lee di ngc an be c on tr ol le d b y c o mp re ss io n. A pp ly -i ng t he f ir st a id b an da ge s ( fr om t he p ac ke t i n t h e a i rp la ne o r y ou r o wn s up pl y)

d ir ec tl y o ve r t he w ou nd t ig ht ly e no ug h t of ur ni sh c om pr es si on w il l s to p a l l o ra in ~a ry b l ee di ng . T hi s i s t he f ir st m et ho dt o b e t ri ed a nd t he u se o f t ou rn ig ue tss ho ul d b e r es er ve d f or b le ed in g t na t i sn ot c on tr ol le d b ~ c om pr es si on . A p ec u-l ia r r es ul t i n g ~v in g s ol di er s w 1d o th er ss u pe r fi c ia l e d uc a ti o n inf ir st a id m ea s-u re s i s th e g re at d es ir e i t s ee ms t oc re at e t o u se a t o ur ni qu et o n e v er y o cc a-s io n. D on tt s ho w o f f y ou r m ea ge r k no wl -e dg e b y a p pl yi ng a t ou rn iq ue t t o a f in ge rs up er fi ci al ly c ut w he n a l it tl e p re ss ur ew il l d o t he w or k a s v re ll . U se p re ss ur ef ir st a nd a t ou rn iq ue t i f th at h as n' tw or ke d. T ou rn iq ue ts s ho ul d b e ap ~l ie da r ou n d t h e u p p e r t h ig h n e ar t : le h f .p a n da ro Q~ d t he u pp er a rm n ea r t he s ho ul de r.T he y a r e u se le ss n ea r t he k ne e, a ny wh er eo n t he l ow er l eg o r o n t he f or ea rm .

I f t he p at ien t i s now l yi ng d own , i sw ar m, h is f ra ct ur es s pl in te d, a nd h is

" 2N D : BO M B AR D M EN T G R OU P P AR TI CI PA T ES I N J OI NT A R M Y-N A VY E XE RC IS E/

H g. a nd H ~r s. S gda ., 2n d :B om b. G ro up: p ar te d fo r t he W es t C oa st fo r pa rt ic ip a-T he f o1 o wr ng o rn .c er s a nd e n1 J.s \; eam en t io n. i n t he J o i nt Army-Navy E x e r c i s e .

o f th i s o r g a n iz a t i o n . d ep a r t e d f r o m Th i r t e e n o f th e 2 7 m e n w e r e of f ic e r s .La ng ley F ie ld , Va ., fo r M ar ch F iel d, E ig ht ee n o th er e nl is te d" me n w er e fe r- "C ali f., to pa rt ic ip at e i n t he W es t C oas t r ie d t o t he W es t C oas t b y Tr an sp ortm an eu ve rs : Li eu t. C ol on el Ol ds , C ap ta in s p la ne s a nd :B -1 03 's .

M cC or mi ck , W il li am s, C al dw el l, 1 st Li eu ts .F re em an , M il ls , T uc ke r, M as te r S er ge an tD av is , T ec h. S er ge an ts C ob b, M os el an de r,S t af f S e rg e an t s : B ou t ty , : Bo y le s , J o ll y ,M c Do n al d , V an S w er i ng e n

iS e r~ e an t B D o ds o n

H o lm e s, L Ud w ig , C o rp o ra s S I l l1 t h,V ic k ,W il so n~ P ri va te s 1 st C la ss J es te r, Ol iv e,Z au n, P ri va te s H ar ba ug h, H uc ik , J oh ns on .a n d T r ou t .

2 1 s t R e c o nn a i s s an c e S g ua d r o n:T hi s S qu ad ro n l ia s o ne p la ne p ar ti ci -

p at in g i n m an eu ve rs b ei ng h el d o n t heW es t C oa st , t ha t p l an e b ei ng t he Y OA -5A mp hi bi an , b et te r k no wn a s t he " :B igD u c k . 1 1 T he c re w m em be rs f ro m t hi sS g :u a dr o n a r e M a j o r D o wn e y, C a pt a inF l tz m au r ic e , S t af f Sgt. J oh n E . M or ri s,C or po ra ls P au l H am er la a nd G eo rg e A .

2 0th : Bo m b a r dm e n t Sl i d r o n: K i n gs t o n . 111 ad di t i o n t o th e a b ov e ,

Tw o :B-17' s fr om i s o rg an iz at io :.1 .,w it h w e a l so h av e 1 st Li eu t. J oh n W . FE!;an.,a ss ig ne d c om ba t c re ws , d ep ar te d f or M a rc h P ri va te s 1 st C la ss W il li am A . Le nt z a ndF i el d o n A U e , .o u st1 st t o p ar ti ci pa te i n t h e K en ne th G . W ic km an , w hu a re h ar ti ci pa t-

~:it=~;:E~~;;~::.B : ~ b . r s of l~ ~ ~ : nt he m an eu :: :: o: ~: : o t e r s qu ad -, th is or ga ni za ti on , c ar ry in g 2 7 me n, d e-

- - V-7462, A. C., - -

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

12/260

G m mE RY P R AC T IC E :B Y LANGLEY l?URSUITERS.Ar'VIRGINIA BEA.CHB y t h e N e w s L e t t er C o r re s p ~e n t

T h e E i g ht h P u rs u it G ro u p r e t ur n ed t o 100~t F o r t h e l ar g er t ar g et , t he S qu a d-t h ei r h om e b a se , La n gl ey F i el d , V a ., o n r o n o f e i gh t ee n s hi p s af .p r oa c he d i n .A ug u st 5 t h, a f te r t e n d aY s o f gr o un d a n d t h re e s ix -s h ip f l ig h ts ' s tr i ng s "a er ia l gu nn er y at Vi rg in ia Be ac h, V a. a br ea st . on t h e s am e l ev el a nd a bc ut 1 50

T h i s c o m pl e t ed t h e t h i r d s u c h e n c a m 1i .. . f.eet a p ar t . F r om t h is f or ma t io n a l l'm en t o f t he Gr ou p t h is y ea r a t t he Vi r- s hi ps c o ul d t ur n s i mu lt an eo us ly t o t h eg i n1 a N a t io n al G u ar d Ai r po rt , l o ca t ed o n r i gb .t o r l e ft a s t h e c as e ma y b e , t h ent h e s t a te R i fl e R a n ge . a n d i t w a s c o ns i d- d iv e s i mu l ta ne o us l y s tr a ig h t f o r wa rd a te ra b1 y B 1~ li fi ed b y b ei ng h el d b et we en t he t ar ge t. I n ei th er c as e t he fi el d o fp er io ds o f e nc am pm en ts of V ir ~i ~i a, N a - f ir e f o rw ar d i s c l ea r of o t he r s hi ps i nt i on a l G u ar d un i ts , t h us ut 11 1U n g t he i r t h e f or m at io n , t h e on l y p r er e qu i si t e b e -c a mp . t en t ag e , e t a 1 , s a vi n g t ra n sp or t a- i ng t h at a l l s h ip s d iv e t o g et l ie r a n dt io n a nd t i me i n es ta bl is hi ng c am p, t o h av e p l en ty o f a mm un it io n w i th t he e m pt ysB n ot hin g of a lo t of har d work . cas e ch ute s st opp ed u~ t o p rev ent s hip s

T ~ t he m em b er s o f t h e 8 t h Pur s ui t t o t he rea r fro m pi ck 1ng up em pty cas es.G ro up , Vi rg in ia Be ac h ha s be co me a s ec - T hi s f or ma ti on m ay b e us ed o n a n y size

on d h o me a d dr es s a n d t o many t h e f a v o r - I t a rg e t, g ro u nd o r a e ri al , t h e v ol um e a n di te . R u mo r N o . 0 1- 76 -7 Z e v en h as i t I c o n ce n t ra t i on o f f i r e b e in g t a n ta m o un tt ha t t he b ar ra ck s w i ll b e m ov ed t o Vi r- to c om pl et e d es tr uc ti on o f t h e t ar ge t.g in i a B ea c h a n d t he t e nt s w i ll b e p i t ch - , Ho w ev e r, f o r, a s ma l l g ro u nd t a rg e t o re d a t La n gl e y. Vi r gi n ia B e ac h o f fe r s I s ma l l f or m at i on , s i mu la t ed b y a s i ng l eo ne o f t he b es t b ea ch r es or ts o n t he I t o we d t a rg e t, b e tt e r a c cu ra c y o f f ir eA t la n ti c C oa s t, a n d f o r t h os e w h o a r e n' t ! m ay b e o b ta i ne d b y h a v in g a l a rg e r i n -i n te r es t ed i n t h e f i n e s u rf . . w e ll , I t e r va l b e t w ee n f l i gh t s , t h e f l i g h ts a p -t h er e 's s t il l t h e b ea c h ( an d b e li e ve i t p r oa c hi n g i n " w a ve s " a n d b eg i nn i ng f i r-or not~ th e r at io is at i east t wo t o i ng as t he pre ce dil ~ f lig ht c eas es a ndone ll1 J I s ta rt s pu ll in g a wa y. I t mu st b e b or ne

A s i de f r o m t h e r e cr e a ti o n al f a c il i t ie s ,I .

i n m in d , h o w ev e r, t h at t h is f i r in g i sw or k in g c o nd i ti o ns a re i de a l a t t h e Na - a t f a i r ly l on g r a ng e . A l l a i rp la n est io n al G ua r d A ir p or t . T h e f i el d . a 1 - I c ea se f ir in g a nd p u ll ou t a wa y f ro m t h et h o ug h s o m ew h a t s m a ll , h a s p r o ve n , w i t h I e c h el o n b ef o r e p a s s i n g t h e t a r g e t .th e h elp o f a few a xe s an d s hov els a nd At .th e pre sen t t im e w e are o n t het he ne ce ss ar y m an p ow er . a d eq ua te f or , al er t, c on st an tl y s ca nn in g t he s il ve rour PB-2A a irp la nes . scr ee n for mor e co ncr ete e vid enc e ~ f o ur

T he b e ac h a nd s an d d u ne s t o t h e s ou th I f i r in g a c c om p l is h m en t s a s r e c o r de d b yo f t he r if le r an ge , a nd o nl y a f ew m i n- \ pa th e N ew s, o ur g u es ts a t t he l a st e n-u te s b y t ru ck f ro m c am p, ma ke a n e x ce l- c am pm en t.l en t g ro un d r an ge . T he c o as t al ol ~ t h is , D ai ly mi ss ~o ns o f ~ ss f ir in g, a e ri af~ r ea i s c l ea r o f s m al l b o at s , m a k i ng t h e ! g un n er y a n d 1 nt e rc e pt 1o n p ro b le ms c on t 1n -a re a b e tw e en C o as t G u ar d s ta t io ns e x ce l - l u e a t La n gl e y F i el d , b u t, O hI . f or al en t fo r ae ri al b ~n er y. T hi s i s q ui te l co ol s wi m a nd a g oo d s un ba th o r j us t aa c o n tr a s t w i t h o ~ e r a t io n s a t h o m e ,w h e re w a l k a l o Il { ;t h e bo a r dw a l k.our gr ou nd ran ge 1S on Pl um T re e Isl and , ---000---a nd r eq ui re s b oa t t ri ps a nd a l ot o f i /4:00 avm, r i s in g s f o r t h e r a n ge d e t ai l , : S H OU LD E R S LE E VE I l i fS I G NI AF OR G H Q , A.F.Vt o s ay n o t hi n g o f b o lo g na a n d c o ld h a m Il un ch es , a nd .a n a er ia l r an ge t we nt y m in -, T he W a r D e p ar t m en t r e c en t l y a p p ro v e dut es a wa y by a ir. : the f oll owi ng s hou lde r s le eve ~n sig ni a

A s i n t h e p as t , t hi s e n c a mp m en t w a s I f o r t h e G e n er a l H e a dq u a rt e r s A l .r F o r ce :ut ili zed fo r lo ng r an ge alt itu de an d On a go lde n ora ng e ~isk 2 i i nc h i n

m as s f ir in g o n bo th a er ia l a n d g ro 1U ld : d ia me te r, a n ul tr am ar in e b lu e, t hr ee -t a r g e t s . D u r i n , ' "o u r e x e r c i s e i n J u n e - ! b l a de d i m p el l e r, t h e s u r v e d s u r fa c e sJ u ly , a ll c o mb at c re w s w e re q ua l if ie d ,s o I e ln a na t~ ~ f r om t l lep oi n ts o f a n i ma g -w e w er e a b le t o c o n ce n tr a te o n f o rm a ho n I inary i". e q u i l a t e ra l t r i a n g l e .a nd l o ng r a ng e f i r in g . S e ve r al s t il l - I DESCRIPT10N:w a t er i n l et s s o u t h o f t h e ai r d ro m e o f f e r , ' l ! hed e s l. gn r e pr e s en t s t h e G H Q , A ire xc el le nt t ar ge ts f or m as s f ir in g. T he F or ce :- t he s t ri ki ng c om ba t e le me nt o f~ dv a nt a ge o f pr e li ~i n ar y m as s f i r i ng o n t h e A ir C o rp s a s o r ig in a ll y o r ga n iz eda w at er t a rg et is ea si ly s ee n a s th e i nt o th re e w in gs . T he ac ti on e x pr es se dp a tt e rn o f s h ot s , c en t er o f i m p ac t, e tc ., b y t h e t hr e e- bl a de d i ~ el l er i s s y mb o li cc an b e r ea di ly s ee n b y t he p il ot s o r by o f s pe ed , m ob il it y, r - i b h t through

a s in gl e s hi p a ct in g a s o bs er ve r. s pa ce , a nd d es tr uc ti ve p ow er ex em pl it ae dA s i n p re vi ou s i n3 ta nc es , f i ri ng c ul - b y t he G HQ ,A ir F or ce .m i na t ed i n e i gh t ee n s h ip s f i r in g s i mu l - - - - 0 0 0 - - -t a ne o us l y o n o n e 6 0' x 6 ' t a r ge t , a n d I N O~ C E T O P IL OT S :f li gh ts o f s i x s hi ps f ir in g o n a 6 ' x 3 0' A re y ou w ri ting y ou r s to ry " An d Itarget. OUr r e co r d o f bu r ni ng d o wn s u ch I ' L ea r n ed A b o ut F l y in g F r o m Thatll f or t het ar g et s w i th t r ac e r am m un i ti on i s s ti l l N e ws ! ; Je t te r ? Yo u r e x Pe r ie n ce m a y h el p

o th e rB - p e rh a ps m o re t h an y o u t h in k .-10-. V-7462

JA.C.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

13/260

AUTOMATIC LANDING OF BIG .A .R M Y PLANE ACCOMPLISHED

.Army .A ir C or ps h as ju st a ir pl ane h ead ed i n a s ou th er ly d ir ec -c om pl et ed a a e r ie s o f h is to - t io n, t he m as te r a ut om at ic l an di ngr y m a k i n g e ~ e r i me n t a l s wi t c h w a s c l o s e d o v e r D a y t o n and f r o mfl i g A t e at wr i g h t F i e ld , t ha t i ns t a n t u nt i l t h e fi n a l ro l l o f

D a .; r to n ,O hi o , i n w h ic h a l a rg e Army. c ar - t he a ir pl an e h ea de d b er th o n t h e ru nw ayg o pl an e w as l an de d s ev er al t im es u nd er a t Pa tt er son F ie ld no t o ne c on tro l w asf ul + au to ma ti c c on tr ol . U ti li zi ng a n ew to uc he d b y t he a ir me n a bo ar d t he a ir -d e v J .

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

14/260

1 .0 g r ap h :1 .e i

LIEUT. COWNEL WILLIAll F . VOLANM J commendation of the Chief: o.~the-l.1l'"001])8 for the th oro ug bn es iJ o f -hi.& 'WOr~.

Lieut. C o l on e l W i l li a m F. V ol a nd t , Ai r ' r ra n sf e rr e d t o : B ol l :1 .n g Fi e ld ,D ..C.iC or ps , n ow o n d u: ty a . Ch ie f o f t he P ro - i n June, 1924, ColonelVoland:li servedourernent Section. Materiel Division, a.t v a ri o us t i me s as SUPPly'O ff i e 6r , C o n -W r ig h t F i el d , D a yt o n, O hi o , w a s b o r n at B o l ld a t ed M e s s O ff i c e rJ . P o s t li:xe~e

F o rt A s si n ib o in e , M o nt a na , O ct o be r 8t Officer l A d j u ta n t a n d ~ e rs o n n el ~dJ~1879. He received hi. e d uc a ti o n i n ,he t a nt u n l i il J u ne 1 92 5 , when he w.s ..u~g;oa .m m a . r Schools hi.l;h s ch oo l a nd c om me r- s ig ne d t o M cC oo k F ie ld , D ay to n, Oh i' :),cia1 s c h oo l i n W a e b IJ l & to n , D.C. For a . f o r d ; u. tyas Contra.cting Officer ')f thep e ri o d o f s i x y e a rs , f r o m Oc to be r 6 ,1 89 8, ~1 ne er 1n ~ D iv is io n. H e w as st at io ne dl o Oc to be r 7 , 1 90 4, h e .e rv ed a s a P r1- a t t hi s fie ld a nd l at er a t Wri gh tvate, .A.ct:tagH o s pi t a l S t a w ar d , and S er - F ie ld , D ay to n, Oh io u nt il A ug us t 13,g e an t i n t h e Ho s pi t al C o ;r p s, U. S. Army. 1928

1and was t h e n t r a n sf e r r ed to the

H e t he n e nt er ed t he s er vi ce o f i he gOT- P h il p p in e D e pa r tm e nt , w h er e he wa s one r nm e nt i n a civilian capacity, and for duty a.t t h e P h i l i pp i n e . li r D e p ot a ta. p e r i Od o f n e a .r l y t w e l ve years, from N ic ho ls F ie ld a s Purcb.asi~ a n d O on -

S e pt e mb e r. 1 90 5 , t o M a r ch , 1 91 71 . he w as t ra ct1ng Off ic er fo r t he Au CC'r:2sin.o n d u ty i n the ~ te rm al 1i er ~ s vf fi ce a .t t he P h il ip pi ne D ep ar tm en t until July 1,Fort Myer, Va., during t he 1a8t five 1930.y ea rs o f w h ic h h e w as t he Chief c le rk ' :) f ' U" 'r 0nh is r et ur n t o t he Un it ed s ta te s,that office. he W ' ,9 .s . o n S e pt e mb e r 2 6, 1 93 0, a s si g ne d

C om mi ss io ne d a l .t Li eu te na nt i n th e t o th e F in an ce D iv is io ~ Of fi ce o f th eA vi a.t io n S ec ti on , S ig na l O ff ic er s R e- C hi ef o f t he .A ir C or ps , Wa sh in gt on , .serve COrpR. F eb ru ar y 1 2. 1 91 7, C ol on el D .C ., a s .A sd st an t C hi ef a nd l at er a .eVo la nd t w as , o n Ma ro h Z O. 1 91 7, a ss ig ne d C hi ef o f t ha t D iv is io n. a ls o F is ca .lt o a ct iv e d ut y a t C ha nd le r F ie ld , E ss i~ - Of fi ce r.t ou , F a., w he re h e s er ve d a s Ad ju ta nt u n- C ol on el Vo 1a nd t a t v ar io us t im es r e-

til A u gu s t 1 3. 1 9 17 .2 .a n d a s O rd n an c e O f- c e iv e d o f fi c ia l c o mm e nd a ti o n f o r t h ef i ce r t o N e ve m be r .1G, 1917. Du r1~ t he ef fi ci ent a nd t ho rou gh m an ne r i n w hi chen ti re p9r io d o f h is s ta y at C han ~~ er h e han dl ed t he d uti es of hi s o ff ic e.F ie ld . h e p er fo rm ed t he a dd i t io na ~ d Ut ie s H e w as t ra ns fe rr ed t o hi s p re se nt a ta -o f SU pp ly Of fi ce r, S ig na l Co rp s. a n d t io n, W ri gh t F ie ld , i n N ov e! D~ be r,1 934 ,quartermaster. and was appointed Purchasing and Con-

T ra ns fe rr ed t o G er et ne r F ie ld , La k! 1 t ra ct iP ~ Of fi ce r f or t il eA ir C or ps a tCharles, La ... h e T f ae o n duty e.s Supp the Materiel Division. He served asOf fi ce r, D ls ou ra 11 1g Of fi ce r a nd S ig na . A sd st e.n t C hi ef o f t h e P ro cu re me ntOff ic er u nt il J an ~ 8. 1919. He c om - Se cti on of the Ma ter ie l Di vis io n u -l' J.t ilm an de d t he r o st f or f iv e ,eeks during July 1, 1937, w hen he was appointedNovember and Decemberl 19~8. C~.ef of that Section.

On De ce mb er 1 4, 19 1~ , C o1c ne l Vo 1a nd t C oJ on el Vo la nd t w as c o mm is si on ed inre por te d t or d ut y i n t 4e O ffi ce o f th e t he Ai r S er vi ~e , R eg ula r A r m y . as aD ir ec to r o f Mi li ta ry A er on au ti cs ~ W as h- C ap ta in , Oc to be r 1 , 19 Z0 J. t o r an k f ro ml n ~t o n, D .O ., a n d h e i i ?s a .stl.i gn ed t o t he J ul ;y 1 st o f t ha t y ea r. l ie w as p r om ot edS u p p l y Di vi si on an d pl ac ed i n c har ge o f t o Ma jor o n Oc tg be r 1, 1 930, a nd t ot he P ro pe rt y Ac co un t" l~ B ra nc h. F ro m Li eu t. C ol on el ~ t em po ra ry ) J un e 16 ,. A .P r 1 l2 5 t h t o A u gu s t 7

1.19l9, he wa.s 1936. J

Chief of the Finance D v19ion, Supply ---000---G ro up . H e s er ve d a.~ a member of the I: Bo ar d o f C on tr ac t R ev ie w a nd a s a m em be r' I L IE U T . C OL ON E L E R N E ST C L AR Ko f t he C la im s B oa rd t Q O ct o be r 1 0. 1 91 9. IH e w as AS9ist~~t C~ ~~ t of th e Liq uid a- Li eut . Col one l E rn es t Cl ark , Ai rt io n D iv is io n, A ir s er Vi ce , f ro m Oc to be r C or ps , n ow o n d u ty a s A ir Of f1 ce r o f t hE10 1 91 9 t o A pr .i l \ ;) 1 92 0, a nd t he re - ! 3r d Co rp s Ar ea , B a lt im or e, M d. t w a s b o rafter C h i a f o f t h e L! qu id at io n D iv is io n a t T er re H a ut e, I nd ., D ec em be r 1 3, 18 84 .to October 13 1920. He next served a s For a period of t hree years from Marc}C hi ef o f t h e Fi na nc e C on ta ct D iv is io n t o 15 , 18 99 , he s er ve d a s a n e nl is te d m anN ov em be r 2 5 1 92 1. On S e pt e mb e r 2 1, 19 20 , i n t h e l Ot h U .S . I n fa n tr y , b e in g d i s-h e w a s a .p po ln te d C on tr ac t1 ng Of fi ce r f or C ha rg ed a s a S e r ge an t. R ee nl is ti ng G nt he A ir S er vi ce a t Wa Sh in ~t on . D .C . On J ul y 3 1, 1 90 2, h e w as a ss ig ne d t o C om ~O ct o be r 1 9, 1 92 1, h e v r cl .pCles1gnated as pany G t 2 0t h I nf an tr y, a nd h e s er ve dOf f ic e r i n C h ar g e ~f ~ ll r ec or ds r ef er r- t he re w1 th u nt il d is Ch ar ge d b y ~ u rc ha se J

1 ng t o l i ti ga ti on o n war co ntr ac ts fo r as a Cor uor al , Au gu st 24 . 1903. W hi le~l" aga.inst the government. wi t h t he " I nf an tr y, h e s aw s er vi ce i nC ol on el V ol an dt ~ er ve d a s a m em be r c f C Ub a.

\ he A ro un d- th e-W or ld F li gh t C om mi tt ee , F ro m 19 07 to 1 91 7, Co lo ne l C la rkd .u r1 ng 1 92 4, i n c on ne ct io n w it h t h e s er ve d w it h t he I nd J.a na .N at io na l G ua rd .h an dl in g o f f in an ci al m at te rs r el at ed b ei ng c om mi ss io ne d a s ec on d li eu te na nttheratQ

lla nd .h e r 'e Ce 1' V& dt he o ff ic ia l I on Fe br ua ry 2 4 , 1908. a nd p r om ot ed t o

-12- V-7462. A.c.

8/3/2019 Air Force News ~ Sep-Dec 1937

15/260P .

Is", Li eu te na nt o n D e ce mb er 3 0, 1 91 4. He c om ma nd o f t he 1 8 th P ur su it G ro up a tw as o n du ty a s a id e- de -c am p t o B ri ga di er W he el er F ie ld , S ch of ie ld B ar ra ck s, T .H .G e~ re .l : B.M . ~ wi s, t he C o mm an di ng Of fi - H e s er ve d i n t he H aw ai ia n D ep ar tm en t.c er .o f ' th e.I nd ia na . B ri ga de " f ro m J u ly f or a p er io d o f o ve r f ou r y e ar s a nd ,1~, 1 91 ?, t o F eb ru ar y ~ , 1; ,17 , a t w hi ch i n N ov em be r, 1 93 5, h e r e pc rt ed f or d utt~me tb,1B b ri ga ~e w as a n t he F ed er al s er - w it h t he 1s t : Pu rs ui t Gr o n t S I f .A.rJO Yvrce on the MeXlcan :Border. . Ur a e rJ."'6e

I n M ar Ch , 1 917 , C ol on el C la rk w as a u - F ie ld , M t. C l em en s, M J.c h.

thorized by the Militia Bureau at W ash- On March 19. 1 ~37. h ~ began his p re-i ng to n, D .C t o t ak e t he c ou rs e i n a vi a- I se nt d ut ie s a s_ Al r.Of fJ .c er o f t he 3 rdt io n a t t he S ig na l C or ps A vi at io ~ S ch oo l I C or ps A re a a t ~ al tl mo re , M d:at Rockwell Field, San Diego, Calif. He Co19ne~ Clark was commissloned ac om pl et ed t hi s c ou rs e a nd q ua li fi ed f or C ap ta J.n J .n t he Ai r C or ps , R eg ul ar A rm y,t he r at il lg o f J un io r M il it ar y A vi at or i n o n s ep :t em b.e r 2 3, 19 20 . H e w as p ro mo te dJuly, 1917.. . t9 Major on March 1, 1931( and to

H e re cei ve d a pp oi nt men t as t emp or ar y Lle ut . C ol on el (t em po ra ry; , M ar ch 12 ,1 st Li e ut e na n t, S i gp .a l C o rp s , U .S . Ar~, 1~ 35 . He h el d th is te mp or ary r an k u n-o n No ve mb er 14 . 1 91 7, a nd w as o ff ic ia ll y t J.l ~ ep te mb er 31 19 35 , a nd w as r e~r at ed a s Ju nio r M il it ar y Av ia to r on t he a ppo ~n te d t o th s te mpo ra ry r an k 0 Junesame date. He continued on duty at 22 , 1936.Rockwell Field, serving as Assistant to ---000---t he Of fi ce r i n C ha rg e o f F ly in e; u nt ilh is t ra ns fe r t o M ar Ch F ie ld . R iv er si de . I 2 3 R D :BO MB. SQUAn. ltO N GOE S rnro T H E F I EL DC al if ., f or o .u ty a s Of fi ce r i n C ha r~ e (Yf IF ly in g. W hi le o n d u ty a t Ro ck vr el l .l !i el d. T he 2 3 rd : Bo mb ar dm en t S qu ad ro n, Lu keh e e st ab li sh ed t he a ux il la .r ~~ f ly in .e : F ie ld , T .H a ft er a r ou si ng .F ou rt h o f,fi eld at Ot ~ M es a. th en k no wn a s wE as t J uly c el eb ra ti on, i ni ti at ed fi el d ac ti vi .Field," and h ad direct charge, and w as ty for the 5 th C omposite Group for ther es po ns ib le f or . a ll f ly in g a t t hi s I n ew f is ca l y ea r b y m ov in g t o B el lo wsfield. I ' F ie ld o n J ul y 6 th f or t wo w e ek s' f ie ld

A t M arc h F ie ld , Co lo ne l C la rk no t o nly d uty . W it h a ll of t he Ke yst on e ai r-e st ab li Sh ed t he c ou rs e o f f ly in g i ns tr uc - p la ne s o f Lu ke F ie ld a ss ig ne d t o t h em .ti on t he re at. bu t m ad e a n e nv ia bl e r e- ,th e Sq ua a.r on ma de s ho rt w or k o f th e mov ecord in having given 28.000 hours of across the Island o f 0&1U.instruction to flying cadets without a The camp started off i n the rain, butfSttality. after a day o r t wo o f w et w ea th er ,

I n M a rc h , 1 91 9, C o J, on e l C l ar k a s su m ed I g ro un d g un ne ry a ct iv it ie s r ea ll y g ot Ull-t he a dd it io na l d ut y o f c ox mn an di ng o ff i- d er w ay . T he S q ua dr on A rm am en t S ec ti onc er o f t he F lyi ng Sc ho ol De ta ch men t, a nd' ha d p re ce de d th e ma in bo ~ a nd h ad t hef or a n um be r o f m on th s h e a ls o s er ve d a s p j, st ol a nd t he l ,OOO-i nc .n ma ch in e gunEx ecu ti ve Of fi cer o f t he fi el d. D ur in g r an ge al l s et u p wit h e no ugh t ar ge tsthe s ummer m onths of 192 0 he w as i n made to last d uring the period of the

charge of Forest Fire Patrol operations. camp. _T ra ns fe rr ed t o C ha nu te F ie ld . R an to ul , A lt ho U6f i a ll pl an es f le w a ll m or ni ng ,

I ll ., i n A pr il , 19 21 , C ol on el C la rk w as I t he m a in a ct iv it ie s o f t he c a m p c en te re ds ta ti on ed a t t hi s f ie ld u nt il Oc to be r 6, I a ro un d t he G un ne ry r an ge s. D ur in g t he19 27. D ur in ~ t hi s pe ri od , h is d ut ie s I p er io d o f t h e e nc am pm en t e ve ry m an i nw ere v ar ie d l n ch ar ac te r. He c om ma nd ed t he s qu ad ro n co mp le ted fi rin g t he ui st olt he A il ' S er vi ce T ec hn ic al S ch oo l D et ac h- I c ou rs e, t he m ac hi ne g un c ou rs e o n th ement

iw as E xe cu ti ve Of fi ce r o f t he f ie ld ,l 1 ,0 90 -U 1C h r an ge , a nd t he a nt i- ai rc ra ft

I nt e l ig en c~ Of fi ce r, P ro vo st M ar ~h al , ! f lr ln g a t t wo t ar ge ts . In ad di ti on toP o st Op e ra t lo n s Of f ic e r, E n ~i n ee r ln g I t he S ~ ~ ad ro n' s g ro un d g un ne ry , c re wsOf fi ce r a nd M e te or ol og ic al 8 ff ic er . F or f or a J.r dr om e d ef en se w er e G iv en a c om -

a n um be r o f ye ar s h e c om ma nd ed t he 15 th I p re he ns iv e p ra ct ic al c ou rs e i n t h e s et -Observation Squadron. ting up and operation of the ground ma-At his next station, Langley Field, chine gun.Va ., C ol on el C la rk w as P os t a nd W in g I On J ul y 1 9t h, t he S qu ad ro n r eg re tf ul -Op er at io ns Of fi ce r, P os t A ir wa ys Of fi ce r, l y br ok e c am p a n d h ea de d b y a ir a ndMd P os t