air and the respiratory system

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P5/6 science

Air And The Respiratory System

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Taken from Nail thoSe McQs! PriMary ScieNce UPPer Block 5/6

1. Which of the following statements about the function of the xylem is correct?(1) The xylem helps the plant to make food.(2) The xylem keeps the plant upright.(3) The xylem transports water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the rest of the plant.(4) The xylem transports food made by the leaves to the rest of the plant. ( )

2. The diagram below shows how both A and B are transported in a plant.

roots leavesstems

A

B

A

B

What could be represented by A and B?

A B

(1) water mineral salts

(2) starch water

(3) mineral salts starch

(4) mineral salts water ( )

3. The diagram below shows a cross section of a stem.

Part P

Part Q

What substances are transported by parts P and Q respectively?

Part P Part Q

(1) food and oxygen water only

(2) mineral salts only food and carbon dioxide

(3) water and mineral salts food only

(4) food only water and mineral salts( )


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4. Diameters of different thickness are cut and removed from the stem shown below.

A

BC

D

Food-carrying tube is removed.

Both water-carrying and food-carrying tubes are removed.

Identify the leaves which are still able to make their own food.(1) A only(2) A and D only(3) B and C only(4) None of them ( )

Answers: 1. 3 2. 2 3. 3 4. 2


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1. The diagram below shows how starch and water are transported in a plant.

S T

flowers

U Starch:

Water:

Which one of the following shows the parts of the plants correctly?

S T U

(1) stem roots leaves

(2) stem leaves roots

(3) leaves roots stem

(4) leaves stem roots ( )

2. Keith puts a plant with white flowers in a container filled with blue liquid for a few hours. After aday, he observes that the white flowers have turned slightly blue. What has caused the flowers tochange their colours?(1) The pigment found in the leaves of the flowering plant has turned the flowers blue.(2) The roots of the flowering plant have taken in the blue liquid and transported it to the flowers.(3) The flowering plant has been affected by a fungal disease.(4) The roots absorb the blue liquid which is then transported to the flowers by the stem. ( )

3. Which of the following is/are the correct function(s) of the trunk of a rain tree?A. It transports water and mineral salts to all parts of the plant.B. It keeps the plant upright.C. It twines round a support to help the plant reach for more sunlight.D. It transports food from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

(1) A only(2) A and B only(3) C and D only(4) A, B and D only ( )


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4. The diagram below shows the cross-section of a stem which had been placed in a beaker filled withred-coloured water for a day.

Y

ZW

X

Which part, W, X, Y or Z of the stem, would be stained red by the coloured water?(1) W (2) X (3) Y (4) Z ( )

Study the experiment below carefully. Then answer questions 5 and 6.

plant

layer of oil(50 cm3)water

(380 cm3)

Container A Container B

The same amount of water was poured into two identical containers. Container B was set up as a control. Both containers were left on the table near the window for two days.

5. What would most likely be observed after two days?(1) The water level in Container A decreased but the water level in Container B increased.(2) The water level in Container A decreased but the water level in Container B remained

unchanged.(3) The water levels in both containers decreased.(4) The water level in Container A increased but the water level in Container B decreased. ( )

6. What was the possible reason for putting the layer of oil in both containers?(1) To prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs in the water(2) To act as nutrients for the plant(3) To prevent the water in both containers from evaporating(4) To prevent the water from mixing with the surrounding air ( )

Answers: 1. 4 2. 4 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2 6. 3


P5/6 science

The Human Circulatory System

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Taken from ScieNce PartNer: a complete Guide to Upper Block Science

In order for food and oxygen to reach all parts of our body and for carbon dioxide and waste products to be removed efficiently from all parts of our body, there must be an efficient transport system within our body to do the job.

Our efficient circulatory system

Functions Of The Human Circulatory SystemThe human circulatory system transports digested food, oxygen, water and nutrients to parts of the body which require them.

It also transports carbon dioxide and waste materials away to parts of the body where they can be removed.

Blood

Blood circulates through our body all the time through a complicated system of large and small pathways.

Your heart pumps day and night to transport the blood on its nonstop journey. Your bloodstream is like a cargo train that delivers essential supplies to wherever they are needed in your body.

As blood travels to all parts of your body, it delivers food and oxygen to your cells. It also removes carbon dioxide and other waste materials.

Blood also helps to regulate your body temperature. When the weather is hot, more blood flows to your skin where it can release heat from inside your body. In cold weather, less blood flows to your skin, to keep more heat inside the body.

Food and oxygen are taken into our body.

All parts of our body

food

oxygen

carbon dioxide

waste products

Carbon dioxide and other waste products are given out.


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Blood is made up of a liquid called plasma and three types of particles called red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Component of blood Function

plasma Mainly made up of water in which nutrients, digested food and waste materials are dissolved

red blood cells Transport oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and gives blood its red colour

white blood cells Help to fight off diseases which threaten to infect us

platelets Tiny particles which help the blood to clot and dry up to seal a wound to prevent excessive bleeding / loss of blood

Components found in a drop of blood

Composition of blood

platelets

plasmawhite blood cells

red blood cells

plasma (55%)white blood cells

and platelets (<1%)

red blood cells (45%)


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Blood Vessels

Blood vessels are rubbery tubes that carry the blood around the body.

The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries.

Blood vessel Function

artery • thick-walled blood vessel• carries blood rich in oxygen from the heart to other parts of the body

(aorta)

There is an artery that carries blood containing little oxygen from the heart to the lungs to pick up more oxygen to be circulated round the body. It is called the pulmonary artery.

capillary • very thin-walled, narrow blood vessel which connects blood flowingfrom the arteries to the veins

The thin walls enable• oxygen, digested food and water to pass from the capillary into the

body cells• carbon dioxide and waste materials to pass from the body cells into

the bloodstream to be removed

vein • thin-walled blood vessel• carries blood rich in carbon dioxide back to the heart to be removed

(vena cava)

There is a vein that carries blood containing oxygen from the lungs to the heart. It is called the pulmonary vein.

Heart

The centre of your circulatory system is your heart. It is a hollow muscle with two side-by-side pumps.

When you are resting, your heart pumps about 70 times each minute. When you are exercising, it pumps even faster.

The pump on the right side sends a supply of blood to your lungs. The pump on the left side sends blood to all other parts of your body.

thick, elastic wall

small lumen

single cell wall

thin wall

large lumen


P5/6 science

The paths taken by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the heart

Systems Working Together

The circulatory system does its job by working together with other body systems. It works with your respiratory system to deliver oxygen. After your lungs breathe in air, the oxygen passes into your bloodstream. The blood travels to your heart, where it is pumped to all parts of your body. Blood carries its supply of oxygen through your arteries, then through smaller capillaries, and finally delivers it through the capillary walls to wherever it is needed. Next, carbon dioxide, is absorbed into the capillaries. It flows through the little capillaries, then through the larger veins back to the heart. The heart pumps this supply of blood with its cargo of carbon dioxide to your lungs, and you breathe out.

Artery, vein and capillaries

Your circulatory system works with your digestive system too. Digested food passes through the walls of your small intestine into your capillaries. Your bloodstream carries it on a complete path through your body, with a stopover at your liver. It delivers the nutrients to the right places, and carries away the waste products to be passed out of the body.

capillaries

artery vein

oxygen molecule

the path of deoxygenated blood

the path of oxygenated blood

pulmonary artery

aorta pulmonary vein

vena cava

cardiac muscle

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air and the respiratory system

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