aiming at a moving target- pilot testing ebook readers in an urban academic

8/2/2019 Aiming at a Moving Target- Pilot Testing eBook Readers in an Urban Academic

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C O M P U T E R S IN L I B R A R

aiming at a moving target: p i lot test ing ebook readers in an urban academic l ib

Though there i s no doubt tha t ebooks w i l l be an expand ing par t o f

i n f o r m a t i o n d e l i v e r y in li b r a r i e s , t h e d e d i c a t e d e - r e a d e r h a s n o t y e t

r e a c h e d a p o i n t w h e r e t h e t e c h n o l o g y i s w o r t h i n v e s t in g i n ,

p a r t i c u l a r ly in t h e s e to u g h e c o n o m i c t i m e s .

Pilot Testing Ebook Readers in an Urban Academic Library

by Maria Kiriakova, Karen S. Okamoto,Mark Zubarev, and Gretchen Gross

i nc e t he e a r ly 1990s, t h e L loyd Se a ly L ib r a r y , w h e r e a l l f o ur

o f t h i s a r t i c le ' s l i b r a r i a n - a u t h o r s w o r k i n v a r i o u s c a p a c i

t i e s , h a s b e e n p r o v i d i n g t h e s t u d e n t s a n d fa c u l t y of J o h n

J a y C o l l eg e o f C r i m i n a l J u s t i c e w i t h e x t e n s i v e e l e c t r o n i c

a c c e s s t o b o o k s a n d j o u r n a l s . I n e a r l y 2 00 9 , t h e l i b r a r i a n s a t L l o y d S e a l y

d e c i d e d t o t e s t a r e c e n t e l e c t r o n i c i n n o v a t i o n — p o r t a b l e e b o o k r e a d e r s

o r e - re a d e r s — t o s e e if t h i s t e c h n o l o g y w o u l d b e a d v a n t a g e o u s f o r u s e

by the c o l l e ge c om m uni ty . We a l so ^vonde r e d if t h e e - r e a d e r s c o u ld p r o

v ide a c os t - e f f e c t i ve a l t e r na t ive t o t he t r a d i t i ona l a c qu i s i t i on o f books .

L i g h t e n i n g t h e b u r d e n o f o v e r f l o w i n g l i b r a r y s h e l v e s a n d o v e r s t u f fe d

s t u d e n t b a c k p a c k s h a s a l w a y s b e e n a p r i m e c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r u s .

I n i t i a ll y , t he p r o j e c t w a s t o c o m p a r e A m a z on ' s K ind le a nd Sony e b ook

r e a d e r s , t h e t w o m a i n p o r t a b l e r e a d e r s o n t h e m a r k e t a t t h a t ti m e . H o w

e v e r , t h e K i n d l e c o u l d n o t b e p u r c h a s e d a n d u s e d w i t h o u t m a i n t a i n i n g

a c r e d i t c a r d a c c o u n t . We i n s t e a d d e c i d e d t o c o n c e n t r a t e o n S o n y ' s of

f e r i n g s . W e a c q u i r e d f o u r S o n y e - re a d e r s — t w o P R S - 5 0 5 m o d e l s a n d t w o

P R S - 70 0 m o d e l s . F u n d i n g f o r t h e p r o j e c t c a m e fr o m a s t u d e n t t e c h n o l

ogy f und .

M A R C H 2 0 1



C O M P U T E R S JM L I B R A R I E S

aiming at a moving target: piiot testing ebook readers in an urban academic i ibrary

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Demographics. A ta rg e t au d ien ce o n wh ich th ese e - r ead -

ers could be tes te d w as identif ied : a group of prospective City

Un iv e r s i ty o f New York (CUNY) f r esh me n ta k in g su m me r

c las ses a t Jo h n Jay Co l leg e . Du r in g th e i r h an d s -o n l ib r a ry

sess io n , we h ad sm al l g ro u p s tes t th e e - r ead er s an d an sw er

a q u es t io n n a i r e . We wan te d to o b serv e th e in i t ia l r eac t io n o f

th e " iPo d " g en era t i o n to th e e - r ead er s , an a ly ze th e i r o p in

ions about the devices, an d decide wh eth er the l ibrary should

p u r su e fu r th er in v e s tm en ts in to th i s k in d of tech n olo g y.

Dem o g rap h ic d e ta i l s ab o u t th e p ar t ic ip an ts of th e s tu d y

came f ro m o b serv a t io n s o f th e l ib r a r i an s . Th e s tu d e n ts were

a clear ref lection of the us ual de mog raphic prof ile tha t ma kes

up a t j rp ical John Jay College enter ing class—a mixture of

Hisp an ic , Af r ican -Amer ican , an d wh i te u rb an y o u th s , 1 7 -1 9y ear s o f ag e . Th ere were 1 6 3 p re f r esh men p ar t ic ip an ts . Th e

male- female rat io in most classes was roughly 50-50.

Design. Th e p ro ject was d es ig n e d so th a t we wo u ld h av e

sm all grou ps of 6—8 stu de nts for 15-m inut e sess i ons to let

th em man ip u la te th e e - r ead er s an d an swer a o n e-p ag e q u es

t io n n a i r e . We lo ad ed th e fo u r So n y e - r ead er s w i th sev era l

b o o k s , b u t o u r q u es t io n n a i r e w as c r ea te d so th a t th e s tu

d en ts h ad to d ea l o n ly w i th o n e t i t l e . Th e l ib r a r ian ad min

i s te r in g th e tes t was to o b serve th e s tu d e n ts an d g a t h er b o th

t h e i r o r a l a n d w r i t t e n i m p r e s s i o n s .

P r io r to th e i r e - r ead er ses s io n , p a r t ic ip an ts a t ten d ed a

ta lk b y a Jo h n Jay p ro fesso r wh o s t r es sed th e imp o r tan ce

of technology in doing research and the l ibrary ' s ef for ts to

p ro v id e su ch tech n o log y . Ou r s tu d e n ts we re th r i l l ed to lea rn

th a t th ey wo u ld h av e an o p p o r tu n i ty to ex am in e " th e fu tu r e"

in th e i r o wn h an d s .

Observations and Analysis. We g a th e red an ecd o ta l , y e t

n o tab le , o b serv a t io n a l d a ta o n p ar t ic ip an t b eh av io r s an d r e

ac t io n s to th e e - r ead er s . Th a t d a ta an d in fo rmat io n p ro v id ed

b y th e q u es t io n n a i r e co n t r ib u te to th e co n ten t o f th i s sec t ion .

On e of o u r f ir st o b se rv a t io n s was th a t wh en th e s tu d en t s

w e r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h t h e e - r e a d e r s , s e v e r a l i m m e d i a t e l y

assu med th e d ev ices u sed to u ch screen tech n o lo g y . To th e

ch ag r in o f th e PR S-5 0 5 u ser s , th ese d ev ices did n o t o p er a te

l ik e th e i r iPo d s , iPo d to u ch es , o r iPh o n e s . Th is r eac t io n led

u s t o b e l i e ve t h a t p o r t a b l e t e c h n o l o g y u s e r s a s s u m e t h a t

m o s t m o b i l e d e v i c e s o p e r a t e w i t h a t o u c h s c r e e n . S e v e r a lPRS-5 0 5 u ser s la te r r eq u es ted to tes t th e mo re a t t r ac t iv e ,

t o u c h s c r e e n - o p e r a t e d P R S - 7 0 0 m o d e l .

An o th er o b serv a t io n : A l th o u g h we c r ea ted a brief, g rap h ic

use r m an ua l for both models of Sony e- readers and instruc ted

th e s tu d en ts to s tu d y th e g u id es , p r ac t ica l ly n o p ar t ic ip an t

ev en g lan ced a t th em. Th is su g g es ts th a t th e y o u n g er s tu

d en ts l ik e to ex p er imen t w i th n ew tech n o lo g y an d a r e w i l l

in g to u se th e i r in tu i t io n to wo rk th in g s o u t . Th e u ser s o f

PRS-7 0 0 mo d els g u essed th a t th e d ev ices h ad a to u ch screen

(but few of th em found th e accom pany ing s ty lu s) .

Fo r th e majo r i ty o f th e p ar t ic ip an ts , th i s was th e i r f i r s t

enc oun ter w ith a n ebook reader . In fact , only 4 of the 163

p ar t ic ip an ts in o u r s tu d y o wn ed o n e . S imu l tan eo u s ly p er

p lex ed b y an d in awe o f th e e - r ead er s , s tu d en t s wo rk ed in

grou ps of 2 or 3 , pokin g awa y at the bu tto ns an d scre ens of

th e se n ew an d s leek d ev ices . N in e ty - n in e p er cen t of r e

sp o n d en ts sa id th a t th ey o wn a mo b i le d ev ice , w i th th e ma

jor i ty (78%) owning a cell phone (see Figure 1) . Six ty- two

p ercen t of th e p ar t ic ip an ts s ta t ed th a t th ey u se a mo b i le d e

v ice for r ead in g . Wh at d o th es e s tu d en t s r ead ? Mo s t o f th e m

cited email (95 .7%), fo l lowed by the newspaper (29 .3%), fo l

lowed by books (26%) (see Figu re 2) . A few min ut es an d a

f ew e lec t ro n ic p ag es in to th e s tu d y , we ask ed s t u d e n ts i f th e

e- r ea d er s we re co mfo r tab le to u se . Ap p ro x im ate ly 9 6 % of

t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s s a i d t h e y w e r e .Du r in g th e i r s es s io n s , s tu d en ts ask ed so me v ery in te r

es t in g q u es t io n s . So me p ar t ic ip an ts in q u i r ed as to th e p r ice

o f th e r ea d er s . I n te r es t in g ly , wh en s t u d e n ts lea rn ed o f th e

co s t, th ey en th u s ia s t ica l ly sa id th ey wan ted to p u rch ase o n e .

G iv en th a t e - r ead er s h av e l imi ted fu n c t io n a l i ty co mp ared

to th e s imi la r ly p r iced y e t mo re v er sa t i le iPh o n e , th e en

t h u s i a s m w a s s t r i k i n g . It w a s u n c l e a r i f t h i s e n t h u s i a s m

wa s ju s t th e im me d ia t e e f fec t of p lay in g wi th a n ew tech

nology or if i t was a leg it i ma te focus on the e - rea der tech

n o lo g y. A h an d fu l o f s tu d en ts a l so ask ed w h et h er tex tb o o k s

could be read on e- readers , suggesting their in teres t in etext-

b o o k s . O th er s ask ed wh eth er th e co l leg e r eq u i r ed s tu d en ts

to o wn an e - r ead er . Las t ly , a f ew p ar t ic ip an ts wo n d ered i f

th e d ev ices s to r ed mu s ic , su g g es t in g th a t th e i r ex p er ien ce

wi th mu l t i f u n c t io n a l p o r tab le d ev ices mak es th em mo re d e

m a n d i n g of t h e t e c h n o lo g y t h e y e n c o u n t e r . T h e s t u d e n t s

were a l so in te r es ted in g r ap h ics an d were d isap p o in ted th a t

th e d ev ices su p p o r ted o n ly b lack an d wh i te imag es .

As y o u k n o w, s tu d en ts co mp le ted a q u es t io n n a i r e d u r in g

th is tes t . I ts final question was th is : "W hat would par t i cipa nts

prefer to read , a pr in t book or a book on an e- reader?" Af ter

o u r 1 5 -min u te , c r ash e - r ead er ses s io n w i th th e s tu d en ts .

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C O M P U T E R S IN L I B R A R

aiming at a moving target: pilot testing ebooi< readers in an urban academic lib

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Figure 1: Do you own any of the handheld devices? (n=163)

78.3 0,

7 1 .4 %

40 ^

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iPod Blackberry cell phone other (please specify)

iPhone ITouch MP3 player smartp hone

figure I

Figure 2: What do you read on your mobile device? (n=101 )

lOOr 95 .7%

RSS feeds -pdf filesother (please specify)

figure 2

84 . 5% o f th e r esp o n d e n ts s ta ted t h ey wo u ld p r e f e r to u se a n

e - r e a d e r ! S t u d e n t s s t a t e d t h a t t h e e - r e a d e r w a s e a s i e r t o

u se — th a t i s , th e y co u ld tu rn p a g es e f fo r t les s ly , h o ld th e

r ead er eas ily , b o o k m ark p ag e s , an d sea r ch for in fo rmat io n .

Th e seco n d mo s t c i ted r easo n was th e p o r tab i l i ty o f th e

r ead er— it i s lig h t an d p ro v id es access to ma n y b o o k s . Th i rd ,

p a r t i c i p a n t s s a i d t h a t t h e y a r e e x p e r i e n c e d i n o p e r a t i n g

tech n o lo g y an d , th u s , f e l t co mfo r tab le u s in g th e r ead er .

Fo u r th , th e r ead er mak es r ead in g fu n an d in te r es t in g . O th er

rea son s included th e "coolness factor" of rea din g books on

an e lec t ro n ic d ev ice an d th e co n v en ien ce o f access in g n u

mero u s b o o k t i t l e s a lmo s t immed ia te ly .

Af te r s tu d y in g th e r esu l t s , we h av e ju s t i f ied th i s ma rk ed

p ref e r en ce w i th th e f ac t th a t y o u n g er p eo p le a r e v ery co m

fo r tab le u s in g tech n o lo g y an d wo u ld p r e f e r e - r ead er s as a

p rac t ica l co n v en ien ce wh en th e d ev ices a r e ju s t h an d ed to

t h e m . A n o t h e r r e a s o n t h a t s t u d e n t s m i g h t p r ef e r e - r e a d e r s

i s th a t to d ay ' s s tu d en ts as so c ia te n ew tech n o lo g y wi th th e

i

abil i ty to cut and p aste , add ing to the ease of wr it ing pap ers .

I t is also in teres t ing to note that the s tudents d id not ask the

l ib r a r ian s wh y th ey wo u ld n eed a p o r tab le r ead in g d ev ice .

They d id not inquire if the l ibrary already has a co llection of

electronic books that could be accessed on the s tandard com

puter . Their f ir s t assumption was that e- readers would be a

very good substi tu te for heavy tex tbooks, but the absence of

co lo r i l lu s t r a t io n s was a r ea l d i sap p o in tmen t to th em.

Techn ica l Rev iew and

L im i ta t i o ns o f Sony E -Readers

For the Lloyd Sealy Library , the Sony e- readers could be

both a reading device for our s tudents and faculty to use and

a means of adding specific books to the collection. Thus, the

Sony ebook system had to be evaluated for these two functions.

Overall Design Evaluation. Both vers io ns of th e Sony

e - r e a d e r s , P R S - 5 0 5 a n d P R S - 7 0 0 , a r e l i g h t w e i g h t w i t h ac lea r d i sp lay ; ho wev er , th e PRS-5 0 5 h a s a h ig h er sc r een r es

o lu tion and is easier to read . The main d if ference is the ad

v an ced to u ch scree n o f an d s ty lu s for th e PRS-7 0 0 . Th e b u t

ton s of the P RS- 505 are confusing , while the s ty lus of the

PRS-7 0 0 co u ld b e eas i ly lo s t . Bo th mo d els h av e b o o k mark -

ing options , but only the PRS-700 al lows note tak ing by call

in g u p an o n - sc r een k ey b o ard .

Nei th er mo d e l i s su p p o r ted b y wir e les s co n n ec t io n . I n d i

v id u a l u se r s ma y v iew th e lack o f th i s cap ab i l i ty a s a d r aw

back. But for a l ibrary , the abil i ty to contro l the content of

t h e e - r e a d e r s v ia a r e g i s t e r e d c o m p u t e r h a s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e

a d v a n t a g e s .

The abil i ty to increase font s ize seemed to be usefu l , es

pecial ly for patrons with poor eyesight . But in practice, the

increase of the font s ize causes sh if t ing of the pagina tion— as

the magnif ication is changed, the page num ber c hanges as well ,

making the citing of pages for scholarly issues very difficult.

Both devices , par t icu lar ly the PRS-505, had major issues

with P DF f i les . W hen th e read er is set to the de fault magnif i

cation , PDF text comes out b lur ry and small as to be unread

ab le . The PRS-700 d id have a zoom feature, but i t was more

of a shor t- term , wor karou nd feature— it requ ires accessing a

separate menu, not zooming in too closely , then making sure

that you have zoomed in on the correct par t of the page.

Library-Related Limitations. Th e flood of pre ss abo ut t hecurre nt e- readers h ighlights th e ease of buying ebook content .

But for a library, the question of payment becomes problematic.

Our p ilo t pro ject taught us that us ing our usual payment sys

tem of invoices and institutional checks was nearly impossible.

As you have re ad, we were forced to pick Sony devices over the

Kindle because Amazon would only allow econtent to be pur

chased via a registered credit card. Sony ebooks could be pur

chased v ia a deposit account tha t we were able to create using

Sony ebookstore gift cards bought with an institutional check.

a ^ ww*A/.infotod.3y.com « MARCH 201



C O M P U T E R S I N L I B R A R I E S

aiming at a moving target: pilot testing ebool< readers in an urban academic l ibrary

^ ^ ,W o Z i -̂e- ^ ^Sony offers ebooks from seve ral sourc es , including G oogle

Bo o k s . Wh i le th i s mea n s th a t an imp re ss iv e n u m b er o f t i t l e s

a r e av a i lab le , o n ly a l imi ted n u mb er o f th o se t i t l e s a r e b o o k s

th a t co l leg e s tu d en ts a r e r eq u i r ed to r ead . Mo s t tex tb o o k s

an d u n iv er s i ty p r es s b o o k s a r e n o t r ead i ly av a i lab le fo r th eSony e- reader . The class ics f rom li terature, h is tory , and phi

losophy, which are now offered in the public domain, are read

i ly availab le. However , some professors req uire specif ic t ra ns

la t io n s , wh ich a r e u su a l ly n ew ed i t io n s s t i l l u n d er co p j rr ig ht

and, therefore, are not yet availab le in e-vers ions .

Sony al lows for up to s ix copies of a par t icu lar ebook t i

t l e to b e d is t r ib u te d am o n g th e d ig i ta l r ead er s an d th e d es

ig n a te d co m p u te r ( s ) . Th is mak es th e co s t o f b u y in g so me t i

t l e s v ery a t t r ac t iv e . Ho wev er , p o p u la r f ic t io n t i t l e s a r e th e

mo s t p ro mi n en t ty p e o f eb o o k av a i lab le , an d th i s i s n o t th e

g e n r e i n w h i c h w e m a k e p u r c h a s e s .

The book collection at our l ibrary includes many fu ll- tex tebooks that can be read v ia a computer ei ther on or of f cam

p u s . Un fo r tu n a te ly , th ese eb o o k s a r e n o t r ead ab le v ia th e

So n y e - r ead er s .

The e- reader functions best when used by one person. But

in a l ibrary set t ing , the d ig ital rea ders w ould be loaned to mul

t ip le u se r s . Th is mean s th a t th e n o tes an d b o o k mark s mad e

by previous read ers ne ed to be removed before the e- rea der is

loaned again . Unfor tunately , the re seems to be no me cha nism

for the users to save their indiv idual notes .

C o n c l u s i o n s a nd T h o u g h t s f o r t h e F u t u r e

After having worked on the e- readers pro ject for a year ,

we fo u n d o u r se lv es mo re co n fu sed th an wh en we b eg an . I t

i s l ik e sh o o t in g a t r ap id ly mo v in g ta rg e ts— e- read er s p o p u p

a t su ch a f as t r a te th a t co n cen t r a t in g an d a im in g a t ju s t o n e

of them does not work . The e- reader market is developing so

fast that i t is almost impossib le to keep up . We bought two

vers ion s of Sony e- readers , but both hav e quickly become out

d a ted : So n y h as r emo d eled th e PRS -5 0 5 , en h a n ced i t w i th

n ew so f tware , an d in t ro d u ced i t a s th e Read er Po ck e t Ed i

t io n , wh i le th e PRS-7 0 0 i s n o w th e Read er To u ch Ed i t io n .

And th is year , a new Sony Daily Edit ion with wireless capa

b i l i ty w i l l b e in t ro d u ced ! Mean wh i le , Amazo n h as a l r ead y in

t ro d u ced th e K in d le DX, Ba rn es & No b le h a s in t ro d u ced th enook, and s t i l l wait ing in the wings is the near-mythical , a l l-

purpose Apple Tablet . By the t ime our pro ject was f inalized ,

mo re co mp an ies were b r in g in g e - r ead in g d ev ices an d b o o k -

r ead in g ap p l ica t io n s for sm ar tp h o n e s to th e m ark e t .

Th e d ev ices av a i lab le o n th e m ark e t w o rk wel l f or an in

d iv id u a l u se r b u t c r ea te man y p ro b lems wh en i t co mes to

u s in g th em in th e l ib r a ry . Th e i s su es o f c i r cu la t io n , co n te n t

acq u is i t io n in te r ms o f p h y s ica l ma n a g e me n t an d c o p y r ig h t ,

c a t a l o g i n g, a n d o t h e r l i b r a r y -r e l a t e d m a t t e r s h a v e n o t b e e n

ad d r esse d b y th e d is t r ib u t o r s of th es e p o r tab le r ead in g d e

vices . In te r ms o f th e b o o k se lec t io n , th e m ate r ia l av a i la b le

v ia eb o o k r ead er s a l so r e f lec t s th i s in d iv id u a l u se r f o cu s .

M a t e r i a l s t h a t a c a d e m i c l i b r a r i e s a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n s u c h a s

sch o la r ly t i t l e s an d tex tb o o k s a r e n o t y e t w id e ly av a i lab le

o n eb o o k r ead er s .Ou r p i lo t p ro jec t was v ery s t ru c tu r ed an d co n t ro l led d u e

t o t i m e , staff, a n d b u d g e t c o n s t r a i n t s , b u t i t p r e s e n t e d u s

w i t h s i m i l a r r e s u l t s a s s t u d i e s d o n e in a b r o a d e r s e t t i n g .

Two a r t ic les p r ese n ted s cen ar io s th a t wo u ld b es t re f lec t o u r

s i tu a t io n : e - r ead er s g iv en o u t in an acad em ic l ib r a ry se t t in g

an d co llec tio n an d an a ly s i s o f p a r t i c ip a n ts ' f i r s t imp ress io n s

on their u se. In 2008, in Performance Measurement and Met-

rics: The International Journal for Library and Information

Services, D.T. Cla rk , S .P . Go o d win , T . Samu elso n , an d C.

Co k er r ep o r ted o n a y ear lo n g s tu d y wi th K in d les a t Tex as

A & M U n i v e r s i t y t h a t i n c l u d e d t h e c om p l e t i on of n u m e r o u s

q u es t io n n a i r es an d fo cu s -g ro u p d iscu ss io n s . I n 2 0 0 9 , An n e

B e h l e r r e p o r t e d a b o u t a n e x p e r i m e n t a t t h e P e n n s y l v a n i a

S ta te Un iv er s i ty in wh ich th e u n iv er s i ty l ib r a r ies ac tu a l ly

e n t e r e d i n t o a p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h S o ny . I n b o t h e x p e r i m e n t s ,

th e r esu l t s in c lu d ed la rg e ly mix ed r eac t io n s f ro m b o th th e

l i b r a r i a n s a n d t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s . T h e e - r e a d e r s w e r e u l t i

mate ly co n s id ered to b e a p o ten t ia l ad d ed ex p en se r a th er

th an a su b s t i tu te fo r r eg u la r b o o k s .

Should we decide to invest t im e and m oney in to the e- read

ers? Not r ight now. Tho ugh th ere is no doubt th at ebooks wiU

be an expan ding pa r t of informatio n delivery in l ibrar i es , the

dedicated e- reader has not yet reached a poin t where the tech

nology is wor th investing in , par t icu lar ly in these tough eco

nomic t imes. For the shor t term, unti l technology can matchdelivery , l ibrar ians should focus on f inding ways to provide

eb o o ks th ro u g h av a i lab le an d ex is t in g mea n s , in c lu d in g s tan

dard computers , PDAs, and o ther mobile devices . For now, at

leas t , so f tware th a t can mo re eas i ly an d in ex p en s iv e ly b e

adapted to exis t ing technology (such as the Kindle app for

iPhones) appears to be a better so lu tion for an academic l i

b r a ry th a n th e ad o p t io n o f e - r ead er h ard w are i t s e l f A _

Maria Kiriakova is a collection development and reference

librarian at the Lloyd Sealy Library ofJohn Jay C ollege of Crim-

inal Justice at the City University of New York. Her research in-

terests lay in the area of international criminal justice. She canbe reached at mkiriakov [email protected].

Karen S. Okamo to is a reference and interlibrary loan

librarian at the Lloyd Sealy Library of John Jay College.

Her email is kokamoto@ jjay.cuny.edu.

Mark Zubarev is an adjunct reference and instruction li-

brarian at the Lloyd Sealy Library of John Jay College of Crim-

inal Justice at the City University of New York. His email is

[email protected].

Gretchen Gross is the interim e lectronic resources librarian

at the Lloyd S ealy Library. H er email is ggross@ jjay.cuny.edu.

4 j MARCH 2010 » v jww .mio today . ro iT i



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