AIM: Were the Islamic AIM: Were the Islamic Empires successful?Empires successful?

DO NOW: Do you think DO NOW: Do you think religion should be involved religion should be involved

in government? Explain.in government? Explain.

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire Rise of the Ottoman Turks

Osman (1280-1326); leader of Osman Turks

Expansion of the EmpireExpansion of the Empire

Bayazid I(1389-1402) Mehmet II (1451-1481) The Takeover of Constantinople, 1453 The Advance into Western Asia and Africa

Selim I (1512-1520) Gain control over Mesopotamia and Northern

Africa

Turkish Expansion in EuropeTurkish Expansion in Europe

Suleiman I the Magnificent (1520-1566) Belgrade, 1521 Battle of Mohács, 1526 Vienna, 1529

Turkish defeated by the Spanish at Lepanto, 1571 Vienna, 1683

Nature of Turkish RuleNature of Turkish Rule Sultan: ruler of the empire Devshirme

trained children in Islam Trained for leadership positions

Harem (Private domain of the sultan) Wives of the sultan Women of the harem often exercised influence Educated and trained

Administration of the Government Grand Vezir, the chief minister Provinces and districts governed by officials

who combined civil and military functions Senior officials assigned land by the sultan

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire

Religion and Society in the Religion and Society in the Ottoman WorldOttoman World

The Ottoman ruling elites were Sunni Muslims Claimed the title of caliph Had to uphold the Shari’a, Islamic Law

Sufism The Treatment of Minorities

Non-Muslims- Orthodox Christians (Greeks and Slavs, Jews, Armenian Christians

Position of women

Ottomans in DeclineOttomans in Decline Battle of Carlowitz, 1699

Reasons for decline Administrative system began to break down Changes in the devshirme system Corruption

Material affluence and impact of western ideas and customs

Weak rulers

Ottoman Annotation with QuestionsOttoman Annotation with Questions

Step #1: Read and annotate text Step #2: Answer the Guiding Questions Step #3: Report Card = Pass or Fail! 1. Leadership: Ruling the Empire 2. Treatment of People 3. Society (Arts, Literature)

AIM: Were the Islamic Empires AIM: Were the Islamic Empires successful?successful?

DO NOW: Take out your DO NOW: Take out your homework. Who was Sulieman homework. Who was Sulieman

the Magnificent? Does he the Magnificent? Does he deserve his title? Explain.deserve his title? Explain.

HomeworkHomework

Go over responses and check for credit Create An outline of the Ottoman Empire 1. Beginnings 2. Expansions 3. Important leaders 4. Social Structure (INCLUDE JANIZARIES)

The SafavidThe Safavid

Shah Ismail (1487-1524) Was Sufi Seized much of Iran and Iraq, 1501 Sent Shi’ite preachers into Anatolia

Ottomans attack Shah Abbas I, the Great, 1850’s Safavid forced to move capital Safavid reach the zenith of their glory

Problems following Abbas, the Great

The Ottoman and Safavid Empires, The Ottoman and Safavid Empires, c. 1683c. 1683

Safavid, cont’dSafavid, cont’d Safavid Politics and Society

Used Islam as a unifying force

Pyramidal political system, shah at the top

Economy of commerce and manufacturing

Safavid Art and Literature Isfahan Textiles

• Silk weaving Painting

Safavid SheetSafavid Sheet

Text Outline

The Mughal EmpireThe Mughal Empire

The Grandeur of the MughalsThe Grandeur of the Mughals The Founding of the Empire Mughal Dynasty: A “Gunpowder Empire”?

Babur (1483-1530)• Captures Delhi in 1526 and thus control of the

northern plains Humayun (1530-1556)

• Was forced to flee in 1540• Recaptures Delhi in 1555

Akbar (1556-1605)• Expansion under Akbar

The Mughals, cont’dThe Mughals, cont’d Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization Religion

Religious tolerance Din-I-ilahi (Divine Faith)

Society and the Economy Upper ranks – nonnative Muslims Lower ranks – Hindus Paid salaries but later assigned agricultural land and can collect

taxes in lieu of salary Zamindars, officials paid rest of taxes to government Mughal legal system

• Hindu laws applied to areas settled by Hindus• Hindus no longer paid jizya, poll tax on non-Muslims

Twilight of the MughalsTwilight of the Mughals Jahangir (1605-1628)

In early years strengthened central control Court falls under influence of one of his wives

The Reign of Shah Jahan (1628-1657) Killed all his rivals when he came to the throne Expanded the boundaries Growing domestic problems Taj Mahal

Rule of Augangzeb (1658-1707) Reforms and religious intolerance Rebellions

Decline of the MughalsDecline of the Mughals

Draining of the imperial treasury Decline in the competence of Mughal

rulers Loosely knit principalities Unwillingness of the wealthy to accept

authority

Akbar’s ReignAkbar’s Reign

Long period of peace and political stability Commerce and manufacturing flourished Foreign trade thrived Tariffs on imports low Foreign commerce handled by Arab traders

because Indians did not care for travel by sea Internal trade dominated by merchant castes

Impact of Western Power in Impact of Western Power in IndiaIndia The Portuguese arrived first

The English arrive at Surat in 1608 Send an ambassador in 1616 Fort William (Calcutta)

Dutch and French Joseph François Dupleix Pondicherry

Continued English activities Sir Robert Clive British East India Company Battle of Plassey, 1757 British began to consolidate control

Economic DifficultiesEconomic Difficulties East India Company’s takeover of vast landholdings a

disaster for Indian economy Transfer of capital from local Indian aristocracy to

company officials, who sent profits back to England Destruction of local industries because British goods

imported duty-free British expansion hurt peasants British law meant people who couldn’t pay tax lost their

land Series of massive famines led to death of 1/3 population

Society and Economy Society and Economy under the Mughalsunder the Mughals

Position of women• Mix of Hindu, Muslim, and tribal practices• purdah

Women in commerce Hindus efforts to defend themselves Commercialization of India

The Economy Long-term stability led to increasing

commercialization and spread of wealth Mughal era – affluent landed gentry and prosperous

merchant class British rule – prominent Indians established

commercial relationships with foreigners

Mughal CultureMughal Culture

Islamic combined with Persian and indigenous influences

ArchitectureThe most visible achievementThe Taj Mahal; Humayun’s

mausoleum