Aim- to investigate the biological activity of materials based on gold (Au-VO) and silver (Ag-VO) nanoparticles and natural compounds extracted from European cranberry bush - Viburnum opulus L. (VO) on acute inflammation model in Wistar rats.

Aim- to investigate the biological activity of materials based on gold (Au-VO) and silver (Ag-VO) nanoparticles and natural compounds extracted from European cranberry bush - Viburnum opulus L. (VO) on acute inflammation model in Wistar rats.

Adriana FilipAdriana Filipaa, Doina Daicoviciu, Doina Daicoviciuaa, Pompei Bolfa, Pompei Bolfabb, Simona Clichici, Simona Clichiciaa, Adriana , Adriana MuresanMuresanaa, Luminita David, Luminita Davidcc, Liliana Olenic, Liliana Olenicdd

aaDepartment of Physiology, „Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Physiology, „Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; bbDepartment of Morphopathology, Department of Morphopathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ccFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai –Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai –University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ddNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaNational Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Materials and Methods- the inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of 100 μl 1% carrageenan - VO extract (15 mg/kg b.w.) and the materials based on gold (Au-VO) and silver (Ag-VO) nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) were administrated orally during 4 days before injection of carageenan. - the response was compared to indomethacin (5 mg/b.w.) as positive control and saline solution as negative control. - at 2h, 24h and 48h after carageenan injection were evaluated:- the paw edema- the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the paw tissue- the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced/glutathione oxidized ratio (GSH/GSSG), CAT and GPx activities, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in soft plantar tissueStatistical analysis – GraphPad Prism 5.0 one-way ANOVA, Tukey posttest, p<0.05

Materials and Methods- the inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of 100 μl 1% carrageenan - VO extract (15 mg/kg b.w.) and the materials based on gold (Au-VO) and silver (Ag-VO) nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) were administrated orally during 4 days before injection of carageenan. - the response was compared to indomethacin (5 mg/b.w.) as positive control and saline solution as negative control. - at 2h, 24h and 48h after carageenan injection were evaluated:- the paw edema- the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the paw tissue- the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced/glutathione oxidized ratio (GSH/GSSG), CAT and GPx activities, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in soft plantar tissueStatistical analysis – GraphPad Prism 5.0 one-way ANOVA, Tukey posttest, p<0.05

BibliographyBibliography1. Altun ML, Saltan Citoglu G, Yilmaz BS, Ozbek H, 2009, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities 1. Altun ML, Saltan Citoglu G, Yilmaz BS, Ozbek H, 2009, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Viburnum opulus, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009; 47(7): 653–658of Viburnum opulus, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009; 47(7): 653–6582. Zavachkivska OS, Gzhegotsky MR, Terletska OI, Lutsvk DA, Yaschenko AM, Szhura OR. Influence of 2. Zavachkivska OS, Gzhegotsky MR, Terletska OI, Lutsvk DA, Yaschenko AM, Szhura OR. Influence of Viburnum opulusViburnum opulus proanthocyanidins on stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, J. Physiol. proanthocyanidins on stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Pharmacol. 2006, 57, 5: 155-67. 3. Crisan M, Davis L, Moldovan B, Vulcu A, Dreve S, Schrepler-Perde M, Tatomir C, Filip AG, Bolfa P, Achim M, Chiorean I, Kacso I, Grosa Berghian C, Olenic L. New nanomaterials for the improvement of psoriatic lesions, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013, 1, 3152–3158.

BibliographyBibliography1. Altun ML, Saltan Citoglu G, Yilmaz BS, Ozbek H, 2009, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities 1. Altun ML, Saltan Citoglu G, Yilmaz BS, Ozbek H, 2009, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Viburnum opulus, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009; 47(7): 653–658of Viburnum opulus, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009; 47(7): 653–6582. Zavachkivska OS, Gzhegotsky MR, Terletska OI, Lutsvk DA, Yaschenko AM, Szhura OR. Influence of 2. Zavachkivska OS, Gzhegotsky MR, Terletska OI, Lutsvk DA, Yaschenko AM, Szhura OR. Influence of Viburnum opulusViburnum opulus proanthocyanidins on stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, J. Physiol. proanthocyanidins on stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Pharmacol. 2006, 57, 5: 155-67. 3. Crisan M, Davis L, Moldovan B, Vulcu A, Dreve S, Schrepler-Perde M, Tatomir C, Filip AG, Bolfa P, Achim M, Chiorean I, Kacso I, Grosa Berghian C, Olenic L. New nanomaterials for the improvement of psoriatic lesions, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013, 1, 3152–3158.

Effect of materials based on gold and Effect of materials based on gold and silver nanoparticles and natural silver nanoparticles and natural compounds on carrageenan-induced rat compounds on carrageenan-induced rat paw edemapaw edema

BackgroundThe biological synthesis of silver (Ag-VO) and gold (Au—VO) nanoparticles using plants or fruits extracts plays an important role in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine as it offers alternative therapeutic options which are safe, free of side effects and effective for a variety of diseases. Inflammation is a complex biological response involved in pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Although steroids and NSAIDs are the main therapeutic agents in inflammation they cause serious side effects. Therefore, the development of new materials with comparable results and no side effects is needed. Viburnum opulus possesses promising antinociceptive activity (1), exerts a potent gastroduodenoprotective activity (2) and inhibited inflammation of HaKaT cells exposed to UVB and skin thickness in psoriasis (3) .

BackgroundThe biological synthesis of silver (Ag-VO) and gold (Au—VO) nanoparticles using plants or fruits extracts plays an important role in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine as it offers alternative therapeutic options which are safe, free of side effects and effective for a variety of diseases. Inflammation is a complex biological response involved in pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Although steroids and NSAIDs are the main therapeutic agents in inflammation they cause serious side effects. Therefore, the development of new materials with comparable results and no side effects is needed. Viburnum opulus possesses promising antinociceptive activity (1), exerts a potent gastroduodenoprotective activity (2) and inhibited inflammation of HaKaT cells exposed to UVB and skin thickness in psoriasis (3) .

Figure 1. Viburnum opulus L., berries

IL-1 2h

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ConclusionsConclusions

1.1.VO significantly inhibited edema formation and MDA VO significantly inhibited edema formation and MDA generation in carrageenan-induced paw edema generation in carrageenan-induced paw edema model, particularly at 2h, and increased CAT activity model, particularly at 2h, and increased CAT activity in parallel with the decrease of MDA level . in parallel with the decrease of MDA level .

2.2.Both VO extract and silver nanopartciles based on VO Both VO extract and silver nanopartciles based on VO diminished Il-1diminished Il-1ββ and IL-6 levels and reduced iNOS and and IL-6 levels and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expressions at 2h after carrageean injection.COX-2 expressions at 2h after carrageean injection.

3.3.Ag-VO decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the Ag-VO decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant activity in the plantar tissue, both at 2h antioxidant activity in the plantar tissue, both at 2h as well as 24h. as well as 24h.

4.4.These findings suggested that the silver These findings suggested that the silver nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract and VO nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract and VO extract may be useful in the treatment of extract may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.inflammatory conditions.

ConclusionsConclusions

1.1.VO significantly inhibited edema formation and MDA VO significantly inhibited edema formation and MDA generation in carrageenan-induced paw edema generation in carrageenan-induced paw edema model, particularly at 2h, and increased CAT activity model, particularly at 2h, and increased CAT activity in parallel with the decrease of MDA level . in parallel with the decrease of MDA level .

2.2.Both VO extract and silver nanopartciles based on VO Both VO extract and silver nanopartciles based on VO diminished Il-1diminished Il-1ββ and IL-6 levels and reduced iNOS and and IL-6 levels and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expressions at 2h after carrageean injection.COX-2 expressions at 2h after carrageean injection.

3.3.Ag-VO decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the Ag-VO decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant activity in the plantar tissue, both at 2h antioxidant activity in the plantar tissue, both at 2h as well as 24h. as well as 24h.

4.4.These findings suggested that the silver These findings suggested that the silver nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract and VO nanoparticles functionalized with VO extract and VO extract may be useful in the treatment of extract may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.inflammatory conditions.

Parameters of oxidative stress in paw tissue

AcknowledgementThis work was elaborated in the frame project no 147/2012, through the program “Partnerships in priority areas-PN II”