aim: i.o.swbat: 1)define vapor pressure 2)interpret phase change diagrams 3)describe critical...
TRANSCRIPT
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Aim:
I.O.SWBAT:
1) Define vapor pressure
2) Interpret phase change diagrams
3) Describe critical temperature and pressure
4) Draw a phase change diagram
MOTIVATION: What happens ice at -25oC if your add heat to it?
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Do-Now: How does the behavior of a liquid in a closed container differ from that in an open one?
Vapor: Gas form of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
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LIQUID GASDynamic equilibrium: Vaporization and condensation occur at the same rate.
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As more molecules escape the liquid, the pressure they exert increases.
Vapor pressure: partial pressure of the vapor over the liquid measured at equilibrium
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• At any temperature, some molecules in a liquid have enough energy to escape.
• As the temperature rises, the fraction of molecules that have enough energy to escape increases.
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Boiling point: is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surroundings pressure.
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Vapor Pressure Curves
The normal boiling point is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is 760 torr.
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Volatile liquids: Liquids with a high vapor pressure and weak intermolecular forces. (have low boiling points )
Volatility: The tendency of a substance to evaporate easily.
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PRACTICE:
1)Why does the vapor pressure of a liquid depend on intermolecular forces?
2)Why does it take longer to hard boil an egg at high elevations?
3)How does a pressure cooker cook food faster?
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Do-Now: Complete hand-out.
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Phase diagram: Is a graphic representation of the relationships between the physical state of a substance and its pressure and temperature.
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• The AB line is the liquid-vapor interface.
• Each point along this line is the boiling point of the substance at that pressure.
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• Triple point (A): solid, liquid and gas are in nequilibrium.
• Critical point (B): Beyond this temperature gas cannot be liquefied by increasing pressure.
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• The AD line is the interface between liquid and solid.
• The melting point at each pressure can be found along this line.
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• Below A the substance cannot exist in the liquid state.
• Along the AC line the solid and gas phases are in equilibrium.
(the sublimation point at each pressure is along this line)
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Phase Diagram of Water
• The slope of the solid–liquid line is negative.– As the pressure is increased
at a temperature just below the melting point, water goes from a solid to a liquid.
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• The high critical point of water is due to the strong van der Waals forces between water molecules.
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Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide
• Carbon dioxide cannot exist in the liquid state at pressures below 5.11 atm.
• CO2 sublimes at normal pressures.
Isotherm: constant temperatureIsobar: constant pressure
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PRACTICE:
Complete Hand-Out
HW#44