aim: how does the nervous system communicate with other body systems? hw 19 text chapter 35 pg 897...
TRANSCRIPT
Aim: How does the nervous system communicate with other body systems?
HW 19 Text chapter 35
Pg 897 vocabulary
Pg 900 Q#1 to 4
Axon terminals
Myelin sheath
Nodes
Cell body
Axon
Nucleus
Dendrites
Section 35-2
A Neuron
Neuron
Structure Function
Neuron to Neuron communication
At the leading edge of the impulse, the sodium gates open. The membrane becomes more permeable to Na+ ions and an action potential occurs.
As the action potential passes, potassium gates open, allowing K+ ions to flow out.
The action potential continues to move along the axon in the direction of the nerve impulse.
At rest.
Action Potential
Action Potential
Section 35-2
Figure 35-7 An Impulse
Action Potential
Nerve Impulse
Vesicle
Axon
Axon terminal
Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter
Receptor
Dendrite of adjacent neuron
Direction of Impulse
Section 35-2
Figure 35-8 The Synapse
The Synapse
When an impulse reaches the end of one
neuron, neurotransmitters are
released into the synaptic cleft
Neurons in the brain also communicate with chemicals
Serotonin, Histamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal gland
Thalamus
Figure 35-9 The Brain
Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord
Interneuron (relay neuron):Relays message from sensory neuron to motor neuron Make up the brain and spinal cord
Spinal nerve
Central canalGray matter
White matter
Meninges
Section 35-3
Figure 35-11 The Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls the functions of the body that are not under conscious control
PET SCAN or MRI
• As you read this passage quietly to yourself, certain parts of your brain are working to try to make sense of different aspects of the information contained in this text. We can actually take a picture of the activity in the brain as its owner engages in certain behaviors and the picture tells us what parts of the brain are most active during that behavior. The outer surface of the brain (called the Neocortex) is functionally divided into four lobes - the frontal lobe at the front of the head, the occipital lobe at the back of the head, the temporal lobe on the side, and the parietal lobe on the top.
Brain Activity
• With a PET scan, radioactive glucose is injected into the blood stream. The most active neurons absorb more of the radioactive glucose, so it is easy to take a picture of the brain's activity during different tasks.
Cerebrum
• Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
• Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
• Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing
• Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
Cerebellum
• The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance
Limbic System: The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain", is found buried within the
cerebrum.
• Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Amygdala • Hippocampus
• Brain Structures and Their Functions
Brain Stem
This structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
• Brain Structures and Their Functions
Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory System
Endocrine System Reproductive System Lymphatic System
Section 35-1
Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part 2In what ways does the nervous system interact with the other systems below ?