Aim: How can we apply our knowledge of biology? Part II

Do Now: Start Filling out packetHW: Complete Castle Learning:

Midterm Review (Due Wednesday)

Review Monday and Tuesday, 3-4 Midterm Wednesday 1/25 8am

Period 3: Rm 214Period 7: Rm 215

V- Living Organisms (Cells and Cell Theory)

38. Homeostasis: Maintaining internal conditions39. Metabolism: All reactions within a cell40 What is the cell theory?

all living things have cellscells are the basic unit of structure of function

cells come from preexisting cells42 How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? Give examples.

P = no organelles, ex. bacteriaE = organelles, ex. humans

Write the proper life function below.43 reproduction – to make offspring. Describe the two types? Sexual, asexual44 respiration – produces ENERGY in the form of ATP.45 regulation-- control of all life functions in a cell46 excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste47 growth – to increase in size48 nutrition – to get nutrients for energy (autotrophic and heterotrophic – How do they differ?) A = plants, H = animals49 transport– to move materials from A to B50 synthesis– build or to make.

Cell membrane

nucleus

vacuole

mitochondria

Define these organelles50 Nucleus – controls all cell functions51 Cell Membrane – barrier controls what comes in/out52 Ribosomes – make proteins53 Mitochondria – carry out respiration; makes ATP54 Chloroplast –

carry out photosynthesis (plants only); makes sugar

55 What is the cell membrane composed of? lipids, proteins, and receptors56 In general, what determines whether something can be transported across the cell membrane? size56. How are diffusion and active transport different?

diffusion: high to low, no ATPActive transport: low to high, ATP, uses protein

Osmosis

57 Water moved out of the cell because it was placed in salt water 58 Water moved into the cell because it was placed in distilled water 59 What happens to plant cells when placed in salt water?

they shrink

State Lab60 Explain what happens to the glucose, starch, and iodine. Why?

Glucose moves out, starch stays in, iodine moves in61 Why did we use iodine in this experiment?

indicator, changes color with starch62 After several hours, the smaller glucose will diffuse across the dialysis tubing membrane, while the larger starch will not. 63 Iodine (which is small) will also diffuse across this membrane turning the cell black.

64 How did this change occur?65 Salt was added, causing water to diffuse out of the cell

VI. Biochemistry

71. How are organic and inorganic compounds different? Organic: carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic: missing carbon, hydrogen, or both72. What are the building blocks of these organic compounds?Carbohydrates – simple sugarsProteins – amino acidsLipids – fatty acidsNucleic Acids – nucleotides

The pH Scale

73 Synthesis of proteins is controlled by the nucleus and occurs in the ribosomes. Enzymes are proteins.

What do enzymes do? speed up the rate of reaction74 Enzymes have a specific shape that allows the substrate &

the enzyme to come together like a lock & a key 75. How is a substrate different from a product?

substrate is at the start, product is formed

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Factors affect the rate at which enzymes will work: temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and

substrate concentration.

76 How does pH and temperature affect the rate of enzymes? rate will increase and then decrease

optimum is the maximum rate77. How does enzyme and substrate concentration affect the rate of enzymes

rate will increase and then stay the same

VII Photosynthesis and Respiration:

78. What is the equation for photosynthesis?CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

79. Where does photosynthesis occur? chloroplast81. What exactly do the pigments in the leaves do for the plant? chlorophyll, traps light energy82. How do the guard cells and stomatas help maintain homeostasis (feedback) for the plant?

control gas exchange and water loss

83. What is the equation for aerobic respiration?C6H12O6 + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O

84. Where does aerobic respiration occur?mitochondria

Anaerobic respiration is the production of energy without the use of oxygen.Only 2 ATP’s are created (much less than aerobic). Another way of saying this is - fermentation85. What is alcohol fermentation? in yeast

C6H12O6 ATP + CO2 + Alcohol86. What is lactic acid fermentation?

in muscle cells (causes pain)C6H12O6 ATP + lactic acid

VIII. Laboratory Equipment:

87. How are centrifuges helpful to scientists?separate substances based on density

88. What are cell cultures? growth to identify bacteria89. Why do scientists use chromatography as a laboratory technique?

to separate and identify pigments