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Common Japanese Aikido Terms

PRONUNCIATION

The pronunciation of Japanese words is very simple in that there are only aboutfifty syllables in the entire language. Consonants are usually pronounced as those in

English. The vowels are pronounced as follows:

A- ah as the a in father

E- eh as the e in net

I- ee as the i in Marine

O- oh as the o in oboe

U- as the u in rule

Y- as the y in youngAI- as in sign

EI- as the a in say

G as the g in great

COUNTING

ichi(each) ONE

ni(knee) TWOsan(sawn) THREEshi/yon(she/yawn) FOURgo(go) FIVEroku(row coo) SIXshichi(sheech) SEVENhachi(hawch) EIGHTku(coup) NINEju(jew) TENjuu ichi (jew each) ELEVEN

juu ni(jew knee) TWELVE

juu san(jew sawn) THIRTEENjuu shi(jew she) FOURTEENjuu go(jew go) FIFTEENjuu roku(jew row coo) 16juu shichi(jew sheech) 17juu hachi(jew hawch) 18juu ku(jew coup) 19ni juu(knee jew) 20ni juu ichi(knee jew each) 21etc


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TERMSAshi(ahshee) Foot or leg.

Atemi(ah-tay-me) Punches and other sorts of strikes.

Bokken(bow-ken) Wooden sword used in practice.

Budo(boo-doh) The path or way of martial arts.

Chudan(chew-dan) middle.

Dachi(dah-chee) Stance.

Dan(dawn) Aikido grade holder, black belt rank

Dori(dor-ee) Grip.

Dojo(doe-joe) The place where we practice Aikido. Place of the way

Gaeshi(guy-eh-she) To reverse.

Geri(gary) Kick.

Gi(ghee) Training uniform.

Gedan(gay-dan) low.

Hakama(haw-kah-ma) A divided, pant-like skirt.

Hanmi(hawn-me) A posture in which one foot is advanced one step and the body

weight is distributed equally on both feet. Triangular stance.

Hanmi handachi(hawn-me hawn-dah-chee) Nage (thrower) is kneeling and partner

(the attacker), approaches from a standing position.

Hara(har-ah) The center of existence. Lower abdomen, physical and spiritual center.

Hidari(he-dah-ree) Left (direction)

Hiji(he-gee) Elbow.

Irime(ee-ree-mee) To enter, entering. Direct entry.


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Jo(joe) Wooden staff, usually about 4 feet by 15/16 and usually made of white oak.

Jodan(joe-dan) high

Kaiten(kie-ten) To revolve or rotate

Kamae(kamay) Posture, stance.

Kamae-te(kamya-tay) Fighting stance, hands ready.

Kata(kah-tah) A form or prescribed pattern of movement. Also shoulder

Katate(kah-tah-tay) One hand (left or right).

Kihon(key-hoen) basic.

Kyotesuki(kee-yoh-tski) attention.

Kyu(cue) Aikido rank, class. A mudansha or undergraduate.

Maai(mah-eye) Distance between uke and nage, meaning harmony of space

Matte(mah-tay) stop.

Men(men) Face, head

Migi(mee-gee) Right (direction).

Musubi(moo-sue-bee) Tying up or uniting, blending.

Nage(nah-gay) The person executing the technique (throw). Also known as Tori.

Obi(oh-bee) Belt.

Omote(oh-mo-tay) front. Moving in front of your partner.

Randori(ran-door-ri) Multiple attacks. Free-style training.

Rei(ray) Salutation, bow

Sempi(sem-pie) Senior student.

Sensei(sen-say) Teacher, instructor.

Seiza(say-zah) Formal sitting position


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Shiho(she-ho) Four directions.

Shikko(she-ho) Samurai walking. knee walking.

Shodan(show-dawn) Holder of the first grade black belt.

Showmen(show-men) Front or top of the head. The alcove at the front of the dojo,

considered a sacred space, to which we pay respect in aikido-practice .

Sutemi(sue-tay-me) A hard fall; literally meaning to throw or sacrifice the body.

Suwari waza(sue-wah-ree wah-zah) Sitting techniques.

Suwatte(sue-wah-tay) Sit down.

Tachi waza(tah-chee wah-zuh) Sanding techniques.

Tai sabaki(tie-sah-bach-key) Strategic body movement.

Tanto(than-toe) Wooden knife.

Te(tay) Hand.

Tegatana(tay-gah-tah-nah) Hand blade. Sword edge of the hand.

Tenkan(ten-kahn) Indirect or outside entry. Body makes complete turn around attack.

Toi-mai(toy-my) Distance of more than a step.

Tori(toree) The person executing the technique. Also known as Nage.

Uke(ooh-kay) The attacker, receives the technique. Also, to block.

Ukemi(ooh-kem-me) Breakfall; the art of falling away from harm.

Ura(ohh-rah) back; behind. Moving around or behind your partner.

Ushiro(ooh-she-row) Back, behind, rear.

Waza(wah-zah) Techniques or skill.

Yame(ya-may) return to starting point after kata.

Yokomen(yoh-ko-men) Side of the head.


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Yoi(yoee) Ready.

Yudansha(you-dawn-sha) Black belt grade holder(s).

Zanshin(zahn-shin) Connection.

COMMON AIKIDO ATTACKS

Hiji dori(hee-jee-doh-ree) Elbow grab.Kata dori(kah-tah-doh-ree) Shoulder grab.Katate dori(kah-tah-tay-doh-ree) Same side wrist grab, e.g. right to left.Morote dori(moh-roh-tay-doh-ree) Both hands grab partners wrist.

Shomen uchi(shoh-men-oo-chee) Straight strike to the top of the head.Shomen ate(shoh-men-ah-tay) Straight strike, palm out in front.

AIKIDO DEFENSES

Ikkyo(ee-kyoh) (1st wrist technique) Controlling your partners center through the arm,as well as pinning the arm flat on the mat. [Lit., first teaching or first principle].

Nikyo(nee-kyoh) (2nd

wrist technique) Bends partners wrist in two angles and cutsthrough the center of the body making him/her drop to the ground. [Lit., second teaching

or second principle].

Sankyo(sahn-kyoh) (3rd wrist technique) Which holding partners tegatana, cuts to theempty point of the rear triangle. [Lit., third teaching or third principle].

Yonkyo(yon-kyoh) (4th wrist technique) Control/throw using pressure point nearpartners wrist. [Lit., fourth teaching or fourth principle].

Kote gaeshi(koh-tay-guy-shee) Throwing partner by folding the hand back over thewrist. [Lit., small hand (kote) turn over (gaeshi)].

Shiho nage(shee-hoh-nah-gay) Four direction throw. [Lit., four (shi) direction (ho)throw (nage).

Kaiten Nage -- throwing partner as if they were a big wheel. [Lit., rotation (kaiten)throw (nage)].

Tenchi nage(ten-chee-nah-gay) One hand down towards the mat, the other up towardsthe sky. [Lit., heaven (ten) earth (chi) throw (nage)].


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Common Japanese Aikido PhrasesArigato gozaimasita(ah-ree-gah-toe go-zye-mahsh-tah) - Thank you very much forwhat you did. (spoken at the end of practice)

Hai(hi) Yes. A convenient answer to use when Sensei gives you a correction or asksyou to perform some task.

Hajime!(hah-jee-meh) - Please start. (This will be said by your teacher when he wantsyou to begin; often said with emphasis.)

Komban wa(comb-bahn-wah) - Good evening.

Konnichi wa(cone-ee-chee-wah) - Good afternoon.

Mokuso!(mokoo-sew) - Please come to attention; make yourself ready for keiko.meditate! (This will be said in the form of a command by your Sensei or Sempai at the

beginning of class and the end of class just before the ceremonial opening and closing

bow respectively.

Mawate(mah-wha-tay) Turn.

Ohayo gozaimasu(ohio go-zah-ee-mahs) - Good morning. (used before 10am.)

Onegai shimasu(oh-ney-guy-she-mahs) - Thank you for what we are about to do.(Spoken at the beginning of practice.)

Oyasumi nasai(oh-yah-soo-mee-nah-sigh) - Good night. (As in leaving.)

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