aijrhass14-193

ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688

American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences

AIJRHASS 14-193; 2014, AIJRHASS All Rights Reserved Page 218

AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA

(An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)

Available online at http://www.iasir.net

Analysis of Urban Land Use Changes: A Case Study of Sonipat City in

Haryana, India Dr. Sneh Sangwan

1 Balwan Singh

2 Mahima

3 Kuldeep Singh Suhag

4

1Associate Professor, Department of Geography, BPS Institute of Higher Learning,

Khanpur Kalan (Sonipat), Haryana, India 2Asst. Prof., Department of Geography, Govt. College, Matak Majri, Haryana, India

3Asst. Prof., Department of Geography, Jat College, Rohtak, Haryana, India

4Asst. Prof., Department of Geography, Govt. College, Gharaunda, Haryana. India

I. Introduction The land use/land cover pattern of a region is an outcome of natural and socio-economic factors and their

utilization by man in time and space. Land is becoming a scarce resource due to immense agricultural and

demographic pressure (Sundara, 2012). Land use change is one of the most important fields of human induced

environmental transformation, with an extensive history dating back to antiquity (Wolman and Fournier;

1987). Urbanization is the causes of land use changes. Urbanization is a gift to the human society if it is con-

trolled, coordinated and planed. However, unplanned urbanization is a curse. In 2008 more than half of the

worlds population was urban dwellers and the urban population is expected to reach 81% by 2030 (UNPF; 2007). Due to the acceleration of the global urbanization in both intensity and area, there is a growing interest in

understanding its implications with respect to a broad set of environmental factors including loss of agricultural

and arable land decline in natural vegetation cover and climate at local, regional, and global level. The

conversion of rural areas into urban areas through development is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate

in recent human history and is having a marked effect on the natural functioning of ecosystems (Turner; 1994).

Since ecosystems in urban areas are strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities, considerably more attention

is currently being directed towards monitoring changes in urban land use/ land cover (Stow and Chen; 2002).

Land Use/land Cover change due to human activities is currently proceeding more quickly in developing

countries than in the developed world. Present time, changes in land use, especially in developing countries, has

involved a decrease in the area of rural land use and an increase in the area of urban land use through

urbanization (Dewan and Yamaguchi 2009). Geographic Information Systems within remote sensing have

been useful as powerful and cost-effective tools for detecting and analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of

processes and patterns of urban growth and land use/land cover change at local, regional, and global scales.

II. Data Source and Methodology The study is mainly based on secondary data. Erdas9.0 and Arc GIS 9.3 software have been used for the

preparation of different thematic layer at second level. High resolution satellite image is best appropriate for

mapping urban land use/land cover information on explanation of high geometric reliability, clearness of

objects, features in their true shape and size, better appropriate clarity within close proximity to the real world

(NUIS, 2008).

Table: 1 Land Use Classification of Sonipat, Municipal Corporation

. No. Level I Level- II

1 Built-up Area Unplanned Residential Area

Planned Residential Area

Public & Semi-Public Area

Abstract: Analysis of land use/land cover change of Sonipat city within the last 20 years is observed in the

present study which represents the staged change in land use pattern. The change was based on satellite

imagery of Town Directory map 1991, LANDSAT TM Image 1989 and Google Earth Image 2002 and 2011,

toposheet at a scale of 1:50000. A number of factors such as socio-economic and political are responsible

for the economic development and land use changes. Study reveals that that city has experienced rapid

changes in land use, particularly in terms of unplanned residential area and agricultural land.

Key Words: Land Use/Land Cover, HUDA and Google Earth Image.

Sneh Sangwan et al., American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(2), December 2013-February

2014, pp. 218-223


Recreational Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Plotted Area

2 Non Built-up Area Open/Vacant Land

Plantation Area

Agricultural Land

Waste/Scrub land

Water Body

Source: Modified from NUIS Manual, 2008

Hence, town directory map of Sonipat city 1991 and satellite data has been used in this study which has been

downloaded from Google Earth, Pro, 2002 and 2011. Other spatial and non-spatial data also have been used for

present study which includes; Topographic sheet No. H43Q16, H43R4, H43W13 and H43X1 at scale of

1:50,000 (Survey of India, Dehradun) 2005-2006, Municipal Corporation map of Sonipat city 2011. The geo-

referenced municipal corporation boundary (2011) overlaid on the satellite data communicates the spatial extent

of the Sonipat city. Two level land use classification has been used in this study modified from NUIS manual,

2008 (Table 1). Google map was used for better analysis of visual interpretation and GPS survey was conduct

of doubtful points and accuracy evaluation.

III. Study Area Sonipat city came in the light as a District Headquarter in 1972 comprising the tehsils of Sonipat, Gohana and

Ganaur. Sonipat town is linked with Delhi, Uttar-Pradesh and Haryana with Rail and

Figure: 1 Location Map of Study Area

Road Links.The name of the Sonipat town was formed of the name of Raja Soni or a town called Swaran

Prastha during Mahabharta time. This city is conveniently linked with Delhi and Chandigarh by rail but the

interiors of Haryana by roads only. Sonipat town is located at a distance of 52 kilometers by road and 44

kilometers by rail from delhi. National Highway No.1 lies 8 kilometers away in the east from the main city. The


2014, pp. 218-223


city is well linked with the National and State Capital by road and rail links. The city has also well connectivity

with the interior of the State as well as the neighboring state of Utter Pradesh

Objectives:

To analysis the land use change during 1991 -2011.

To identify the direction of urban growth.

Analyses of land use/land cover 1991

The total area of Sonipat city has been divided in twelve categories depending up to prevalent type of land uses

(Table: 1).The broad categorization into two types; built up and non built up has further been subdivided. In the

non built up categories agriculture, plantation, vacant, water bodies and waste/scrub land has been included. In

1991, agricultural land was a dominant land use i.e. 66.08 percent of the total study area followed by public

semipublic, industrial, planned residential, unplanned residential i.e. 5.13, 3.65, 1.27 and 20.47 percent

respectively. Water bodies have been recorded 0.31 percent on the form of ponds and water works. Commercial

area has been observed 1.35 percent followed by recreational area, waste/scrub land and plantation i.e. 0.21,

1.44 and 0.11 percent respectively (Figure 2 and Table 2).

Figure: 2 Land Use/Land Cover 1991

Source: Based on Town Directory Map 1991 and TM Image 1989

Table: 2 Areas under Different Land Use/ Land Cover in 1991

Sr. No. Land Use Categories 1991

Area in Sq. m. Area in Percent

1 Public and Semi Public Area 1692803.63 5.13

2 Industrial Area 1203824.32 3.65

3 Planned Residence Area 418547.26 1.27

4 Un Planned Residence Area 6760551.09 20.47

5 Water bodies 101117.66 0.31

6 Agricultural Land 21820417.99 66.08

7 Open/Vacant Land ----- -----

8 Plotted Land ----- -----

9 Commercial Area 444786.43 1.35

10 Recreational area 69644.42 0.21

11 Waste/Scrub Land 475856.38 1.44

12 Plantation 35811.9 0.11

Total 33023361.08 100

Source: Calculate from Town Directory Map 1991 and TM Image 1989


2014, pp. 218-223


Analysis of Land use/Land Cover in 2002:

The land use/land cover map of 2002 shows major change which occur in the city during the period of 1991 to

2002. The significant change has observed and spread from central part towards the peripheral part of the city.

In 2002, agricultural land was recorded 39.05 percent of the study area. It was reduced 27.02 percent. It was

shifted agricultural to planned residential, unplanned residential, industrial area and public and semipublic

utilities during 1991 to 2002. Public and semipublic area has been recorded 6.04 percent whereas it was 5.13

percent in 1991. It was increased 0.91 percent during these periods. Industrial area has been observed 4.45

percent of total study area whereas it was 3.65 percent in 1991. It was increased 0.80 percent during 1991 to

2002. Planned residential area and unplanned residential area also increased 4.28 and 12.28 percent during 1991

to 2002. It was the impact of economic development and population pressure. Water bodies have been observed

0.25 percent in 2002 whereas it was 0.31 percent in 1991. It was reduced 0.6 percent. Open land and plotted

land has been recorded 0.02 and 7.44 percent of the total study area. Commercial area has been observed 1.78

percent while it was 1.35 percent in 1991. It was increased 0.43 percent within transport network. Recreational

area also increased 0.21 to 0.85 percent during these eleven years. Waste and scrub land increased due to

industrial activities i.e. 0.17 percent of the total area. Plantation has been observed 0.15 percent in 2002 whereas

it was 0.11 percent in 1991. It was increased due to planned development by Haryana Urban Development

Authority (Figure 3 and Table 3).


Source: Based on Google Earth Image 2002








5 Water bodies 82547.29 0.25


7 Open/Vacant Land 7438.04 0.02

8 Plotted Land 2458082.19 7.44




12 Plantation 48964.65 0.15

Total 33023361.08 100

Source: Calculate from Google Earth Image 2002


2014, pp. 218-223


Analysis of Land use/Land Cover in 2011:

In 2011, agricultural land has been recorded 32.55 percent of the total study area whereas it was 66.08 and 39.05

percent in 1991 and 2002. It was decreased due to urbanization and economic development. Unplanned

residential area has been emerged as a dominant land use category. It has been recorded 35.62 percent in 2011

whereas it was 20.47 and 32.75 percent in 1991 and 2002. It was the impact of migration of people from

adjoining villages to search of employment and good education.

Planned residential area has been observed 8.35 percent in 2011 whereas it was 1.27 and 5.54 percent in 1991

and 2002. It was increased due to Haryana Urban Development Authority on the cost of agriculture land. Water

bodies have been observed 0.31 percent in 2011 whereas it was 0.25 percent in 2002. It was increased 0.6

percent on the form of water works. In 2011, plotted land has been recorded 5.63 percent followed by

commercial area, recreational, waste/scrub land and plantation i.e. 0.94, 2.11 and 0.18 percent respectively.









5 Water bodies 101117.66 0.31


7 Open/Vacant Land 106725.77 0.32

8 Plotted Land 1860685.67 5.63




12 Plantation 60364.19 0.18

Total 33023361.08 100

Source: Calculate from GeoEye Image 2011


2014, pp. 218-223


IV. Conclusion Present study reveals multi-temporal remote sensing image interpretation and GIS spatial analysis to land

use/land cover change in Sonipat city during the 1991-2011. The result reveals that city has knowledgeable

rapid changes in land use categories, particularly in terms of unplanned residential area and agricultural land.

Unplanned residential area which is increased 20.47 to 35.62 percent over the past 20 years, resulting in a large

reduction in the area of agricultural land from 66.08 to 32.55 percent during the study period. Due to

development of Industries, education institutions, new residential complexes and good quality of transport

network has contributed the rapid urban development and land use changes in study area. Productive

agricultural land is changed into planned residential, unplanned residential, plotted land, public and semipublic

utilities, commercial and industrial uses.

References 1. Sundara, K. K. et. al. (2012) Land Use And Land Cover Change Detection And Urban Sprawl Analysis of Vijayawada City

Using Multi-temporal Landsat Data, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 01. pp 170-178. 2. Wolman, M. G. and F. G. A. Fournier (editors), Land Transformation in Agriculture, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK,.

1987.

3. United Nations Population Fund The State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth, United Nations Publications.

4. Turner B. L. Local Faces, Global Flows: The Role of Land Use and Land Cover in Global Environmental Change, Land Degradation and Development, Vol. 5, pp. 71-78, 1994.

5. Stow D. A. and Chen, D. M. Sensitivity of Multi-Temporal NOAA AVHRR Data of an Urbanizing Region to Land Use/Cover Changes and Misregistration, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 80, pp. 297-307, 2002.

6. Dewan, A. and Yamaguchi, Y. Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Detect and Monitor Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960 to 2005, Environ Monit Assess, 150, pp. 37-249. 2009.

7. National Urban Information System Manual for Thematic Mapping: Using High Resolution Satellite Data and Geospatial Techniques, National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad, 110 pp, 2008.

aijrhass14-193

Documents