ai lecture 1 - introduction to ai _ es

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)

Prepared By:Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH)

Lecturer, CSE, UAPFall 2013

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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

Lecture 1

ABOUT THE COURSE

Ø Course Code: CSE 407Ø Course Title: Artificial Intelligence and Expert SystemØ Credits: 3.00Ø Class Routine:

Ø Monday -> 11:00 – 12:15 (D 503)Ø Wednesday -> 12:30 – 01:45 (D 308)

Ø Textbook:ØArtificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (3rd

Edition)ØStuart Russell and Peter Norvig

ØArtificial Intelligence (3rd Edition)ØElaine Rich, Kevin Knight and Shivashankar B Nair


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ABOUT THE COURSE INSTRUCTOR

ØInstructor: Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH), Lecturer, CSE, UAP

ØRoom: D # 302ØE-mail: [email protected]ØCellphone: 01912703756


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mailto:[email protected]

MARKS DISTRIBUTION


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Items Marks

Assessment: Attendance (10%) + Quiz (10%) + Assignment (10%)

30%

Mid Term Exam 20%

Final Exam 50%

Total 100%

COURSE OVERVIEW


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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 1 – 2 Introduction to AI & ES

Lecture # 3 Intelligent Agents

Lecture # 4 – 6 First-Order Logic

Lecture # 7 Quiz-1Lecture # 8 – 9 PlanningLecture # 10 – 12 Uninformed SearchingLecture # 13 Quiz-2Lecture # 14 Summary and review

Mid-Term Exam

COURSE OVERVIEW (CONT’D)


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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 15 – 17 Informed SearchingLecture # 18 – 19 Local SearchingLecture # 20 – 21 Game PlayingLecture # 22 Quiz-3

Lecture # 23 – 24 Uncertainty, Reasoning and Decision Making

Lecture # 25 – 26 LearningLecture # 27 Quiz-4Lecture # 28 Summary and review

Final Exam

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)?

Thought Process and Reasoning

Behavior

A human-centered Approach

Systems that thinks like humans.

Systems that act like

humans.

A rationalist approach

Systems that thinks

rationally.

System that acts rationally.

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ETYMOLOGY OF AI

ØAmerican Computer Scientist and Cognitive Scientist, John McCarthy coined the term in 1956.

ØIt is also known as Machine Intelligence.


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DEFINITION OF AI

ØArtificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of intelligence.

ØIntelligence of Machines / Softwares.ØStudy and design of Intelligent Agents.


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WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

Ø Ability to observe.Ø Ability to think.Ø Ability to understand.Ø Ability to communicate.Ø Ability to reason.Ø Ability to learn.Ø Ability to gain knowledge.Ø Ability to plan.Ø Ability to solve problems with / without prior

knowledge.Ø Ability to create.


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WHAT IS EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)?

ØComputer based system that Øuses knowledge and reasoning techniquesØsolve problems.

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FOUNDATION OF AIØPhilosophy (428 B.C.E. – Present)

ØLogic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system foundations of learning, language, rationality

ØMathematics (800 C.E. – Present)ØFormal representation and proof algorithms, computation,

(un)decidability, (in)tractability, probabilityØEconomics (1776 – Present)

ØDecision Theory (Probability Theory + Utility Theory)ØGame Theory

ØNeuroscience (1873 – Present)Øphysical substrate for mental activity

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FOUNDATION OF AI (CONT’D)

ØPsychology (1879 – Present)Øphenomena of perception and motor control,

experimental techniquesØComputer Engineering (1940 – Present)

ØBuild fast computersØControl Theory and Cybernetics (1948 – Present)

ØDesign systems that maximize an objective function over time

Ø Linguistics (1957 – Present)ØKnowledge representation, grammar


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A BRIEF HISTORY OF AIØ 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brainØ 1950 Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"Ø 1956 Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence"

adoptedØ 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers

program, Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine

Ø 1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning

Ø 1966—73 AI discovers computational complexityNeural network research almost disappears

Ø 1969—79 Early development of knowledge-based systemsØ 1980-- AI becomes an industry Ø 1986-- Neural networks return to popularityØ 1987-- AI becomes a science Ø 1995-- The emergence of intelligent agents


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ai lecture 1 - introduction to ai _ es

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