ahsge social studies standard i.. what european movement resulted in exposure to middle eastern and...
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AHSGESocial Studies
Standard I.
What European movement resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods (after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from
Muslims?
Crusades
What European movement resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought?
Renaissance
What European movement resulted in the rise of the protestant religion?
Reformation
What terms are used to describe the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas
after Columbus's discovery?
Columbian Exchange
What were the Spanish explorers called who searched for "God, gold, and glory"?
Conquistadors
What was the name of the first American settlement in 1665 by Europeans?
St. Augustine
What was the first successful English settlement in the New World (1607)?
Jamestown
What was the legislature of the Virginia colony called (the first representative government in
the New World)?
House of Burgesses
What was the main reason for the American colonies protestation
against British rule?
Taxation
What war put the English into debt and forced them to tax and closely
monitor the troops in Boston?
French and Indian War
What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place?
(1760's)
Navigation Acts
What occurred in 1770 that resulted in 5 colonists being shot and killed
by British troops in Boston?
Boston Massacre
In 1773 Bostonians protested the Tea Act by staging what famous
event?
Boston Tea Party
The first skirmishes of the Revolutionary War occurred in what
two towns?
Lexington and Concord
AHSGE
Standard II.
What famous English document (signed in 1215 by King John I) was
the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights?
Magna Carta
Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind.), which allows for a people to overthrow its rulers if their natural
rights are no longer being protected.
Social Contract Theory
Who was the English philosopher who greatly influenced Jefferson as
he wrote the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
What French philosopher came up with the idea of a three-branch
government?
Montesquieu
What religious movement occurred in the 1730s and 1740s in the
colonies?
Great Awakening
What was the first meeting called when 12 colonies sent delegates to
Philadelphia to discuss British tyranny (and take action)?
First Continental Congress
What group sent the Olive Branch Petition and wrote the Declaration
of Independence?
Second Continental Congress
What document was sent to the British informing them of colonial
independence?
Declaration of Independence
What was the first set of laws governing the U.S.?
Articles of Confederation
What famous convention was held to replace the Articles of
Confederation with a more centralized government?
Constitutional Convention
What was the solution to the problem of representation at the
convention called?
Great Compromise
What was the solution to the problem of how to count slaves for
representation purposes?
Three-fifths Compromise
The Constitution allows for power to be shared between the national
government and the states. What kind of system is this?
Federalism
The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people...") is
called what?
Preamble
The Constitution calls for a three-branch government creating a
separation of what?
Powers
What is the clause called which gives Congress broad powers?
Elastic Clause
A word for word interpretation of the Constitution is called...
Strict Construction
A broad interpretation of the Constitution is called...
Loose Construction
What amendment abolished slavery?
13th
What amendment guarantees protection of the laws for all
citizens?
14th
What amendment gave the vote to African American males?
15th
What amendment gave the vote to women?
19th
What papers were written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging
the passage of the Constitution?
The Federalist Papers
What addition was made to the Constitution giving further
protection for individual rights?
Bill of Rights
What two political parties emerged after the debate over ratification of
the Constitution?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Who developed the economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790's?
Alexander Hamilton
Who warned Americans about competing political parties in his
farewell address?
George Washington
Who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and
helped shape a powerful national government?
John Marshall
What famous Supreme Court ruling established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
AHSGE
Standard III.
What act of colonial protestation resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable)
Acts being passed by the British parliament?
Boston Tea Party
What document was sent to King George III as a final attempt at peace
by the colonists in 1775?
Olive Branch Petition
What American colonist gave the famous speech stating, "give me
liberty or give me death?"
Patrick Henry
Who served as the commander of the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War?
George Washington
Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams
Who made the famous ride warning colonists that the "Redcoats were
coming"?
Paul Revere
What battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War (resulting in
France becoming our ally)?
Saratoga
Where were Washington's troops encamped during the harsh winter
of 1777-1778?
Valley Forge
What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War (Cornwallis
surrendered to Washington)?
Yorktown
What was the treaty called which gave the U.S. its independence from
Great Britain?
Treaty of Paris 1783
The U.S. fought the British again in what war?
War of 1812
What law was passed by Jefferson that disallowed trade with other
nations (including Britain) and led to the War of 1812?
Embargo Act
What term was used to describe the British navy forcing Americans into
service?
Impressment
What ordinance was passed in 1785 that divided territory in the old
northwest into townships?
Land Ordinance of 1785
What ordinance passed in 1787 disallowed slavery in the old
northwest?
Northwest Ordinance
What action allowed Jefferson to double the size of the U.S. in 1803?
Louisiana Purchase
Who did Jefferson hire to explore the west?
Lewis & Clark
The post-War of 1812 years were called what (because of prosperity,
one political party, etc.)?
Era of Good Feelings
What year did Alabama become a state?
1819
What famous speech outlined American foreign policy in 1823?
Monroe Doctrine
What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate?
(Jackson's tenure)
Indian Removal Act
What event resulted in the Cherokees marching at gunpoint
from GA to OK (1838)?
Trail of Tears
List four major trails used by settlers in the western part of the
U.S..
Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon, California
Describe the southern economy before the Civil War.
Agriculture: mainly cotton
Describe the northern economy before the Civil War.
Balanced: industrial and agricultural
What country did Texas gain its independence from in 1836?
Mexico
What was the U.S. goal (or fate) named which called for the
acquisition of territory in the west (extending the country from sea to
sea)?
Manifest Destiny
Why did the U.S. fight Mexico (Mexican War) in 1846-1848?
Land acquisition (California and New Mexico territories)
What famous meeting in 1848 called for women to demand greater equality and opportunity in the
U.S.?
Seneca Falls Convention
Who hosted this convention?
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What white abolitionist from Massachusetts produced The
Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
What black abolitionist from Maryland produced The North Star?
Frederick Douglass
What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad?
To aid the escaped slaves
What black woman used the Underground Railroad to help liberate hundreds of slaves?
Harriet Tubman
During the reform period of the 1830s and 1840s much of the public called for abstinence from what?
alcohol consumption
What woman led reform in prisons in the U.S.?
Dorothea Dix
Who led reform in education in the 1800s?
Horace Mann
What religious movement in the early 1800s influenced people to
help others (leading to all of these reform movements)?
Second Great Awakening
What were the communities called which tried to make a "perfect
society"?
Utopian communities
Who founded the Mormon faith? Who led the Mormons to Utah?
Joseph SmithBrigham Young
What War of 1812 battle resulted in the protection of Baltimore and
Francis Scott Key's inspiring "Star Spangled Banner"?
Ft. McHenry
What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the Creek Indians in AL?
Horseshoe Bend
What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the British after a truce was
called?
New Orleans
Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) insured that the national government controlled interstate
commerce?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) ruled that the national bank was in fact constitutional?
McCulloch v. Maryland
What president gets credit for establishing the spoils system?
Andrew Jackson
South Carolina's attempt to void the Tariff of 1832 was called the...
Nullification Crisis
Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau were writers of what movement?
Transcendentalism
AHSGE
Standard IV.
What congressional solution made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories?
Compromise of 1850
What part of the solution in the Compromise of 1850 upset many
northerners (there were five parts of this solution)?
Fugitive Slave Law
What act supported by Stephen Douglas gave popular sovereignty to
two territories just west of Missouri?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
What political party was formed in the 1850's that supported the anti-slavery platform (also, it is known as
the party of Lincoln)?
Republican
What famous court case upheld the right of slave owners as property
holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases?
Scott v. Sanford (Dred Scott decision)
Who led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, NE and led the
raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry?
John Brown
Who won the presidential election in 1860?
Abraham Lincoln
What state was the first to secede from the Union in 1860?
South Carolina
What county in Alabama never seceded from the Union?
Winston County
What state was actually split over the decision to secede and
eventually became two states?
Virginia (West Virginia)
What was the most famous of the Black military units to fight in the
Civil War?
54th Massachusetts
What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states
from the federal government?
Homestead Act
What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states
from the federal government?
Morill Land Grant Act
What did Lincoln pass on Jan. 1, 1863 granting freedom to slaves in
the Confederate states in rebellion?
Emancipation Proclamation
What did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War, depriving many citizens of
their civil rights?
Writ of Habeas Corpus
What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
First Bull Run
What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War? First
Bull Run
Antietam
What major three-day battle did the Confederates (under Lee) lose in
Pennsylvania?
Gettysburg
What battle in Mississippi resulted in a complete blockade of the south by
the Union?
Vicksburg
What Union general captured Atlanta and continued southeast to Savannah destroying everything in
his path?
General Tecumseh Sherman
What famous speech was given by Lincoln at a consecration ceremony where he reminded Americans of
the basic ideal, "All men are created equal?"
Gettysburg Address
Where did Robert E. Lee surrender to Grant in 1865?
Appomattox Courthouse
What was the program called that returned southern states to the
Union, rebuilt the South's infrastructure, and attempted to protect the rights of free blacks?
Reconstruction
What were the laws called passed by southern states attempting to
control freedmen and keeping them in a subservient position?
Black Codes
What were northerners called who moved to the South, voted
Republican, and were scorned by southerners after the Civil War?
Carpetbaggers
What were southerners called who voted Republican after the Civil
War?
Scalawags
What southern secret society emerged during the Reconstruction that harassed, tormented, and killed
blacks demanding equality?
Ku Klux Klan
What man served as president during Reconstruction and whose
legacy (as president) is remembered as being very corrupt?
President Grant
What congressional solution resulted in Hayes winning the
presidential election in 1876 and Reconstruction ending?
Compromise of 1877
What were the laws called passed in southern states after Reconstruction that stripped African Americans of
basic rights like voting?
Jim Crow Laws
What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers
rented land to grow crops?
Tenant farming
What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers
were forced to share crops with landowners?
Sharecropping
What animal was hunted and heavily relied upon by Plains
Indians?
buffalo
What 19th century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western
territories?
railroads
Many Native Americans were forced to live on...
reservations
What great Apache leader surrendered to the U.S. in 1886?
Geronimo
Custer and his cavalry were destroyed by the _____ at the Battle
of _______________.
Sioux, Little Big Horn
Who was the leader of the Sioux nation at the previous battle?
Sitting Bull
The United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots
of land to farm with what act?
Dawes Act
What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by
U.S. troops in 1890?
Massacre at Wounded Knee
What were the settlers called who staked legal claims to land in
Oklahoma? Boomer Illegal claims?
Sooners
How as the plow improved during the late 1800s?
Plowed several furrows at once.
Why did the open ranges used by cattle disappear?
Barbwire
How did cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets?
long drives, train
What types of new equipment was developed for farming in the late
1800s?
cornhuskers, cornbinders, steam powered threshers
List three complaints of farmers in the late 1800s.
decline in crop prices, tariffs, deflation
How did the farmers organize themselves to fight big business?
Farmer's Alliance
What was the name given to the farmers who organized themselves
politically during this period?
The Grange
Who was the presidential candidate in 1896 for the Populists?
James Weaver
What two energy sources were used to power factories in the late 1800s?
Westinghouse and Alternating currents
Who invented the light bulb and electric generators?
Thomas Edison
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
What types of industry was Alabama involved in during the late 1800s?
steel
What were the captains of industry referred to during the late 1800s?
Robber Barons
List three important captains of industry during this time period.
Carnegie, Rockefeller, Samuel Dodd
What theory was used to promote competition in the marketplace?
Social Darwinism
What idea was promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy
should give back riches to the community?
Gospel of Wealth
What novelist wrote many fictional stories promoting hte "rags to
riches" theme?
Horatio Alger
What types of labor problems did early unions try and correct?
unsafe working conditions, low wages, shorter working hours
What was the movement called which promoted change in
government, business, and social welfare?
Progressivism
What did Theodore Roosevelt call journalists who were intent on
exposing corruption at the turn of the century?
Muckrakers
What novel was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry?
The Jungle
What journalist wrote an expose on Standard Oil?
Ida Tarbell
Who was the African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social
justice and equality and was an early leader of the NAACP?
W.E.B. DuBois
What was the movement called that DuBois lead?
Niagara Movement
Who was the African American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade
and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881?
Booker T. Washington
What African American man was famous for his work as an
agricultural scientist?
George Washington Carver
What famous Supreme Court decision upheld segregation in
1896?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What amendment to the Constitution introduced an income
tax?
16th
What amendment introduced prohibition as a national law?
18th
What amendment made the election of senators by popular
vote?
17th
What president introduced important conservation methods to
preserve millions of acres of western lands?
Theodore Roosevelt
What act was passed during Wilson's tenure that was intended
to break up monopolies?
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
How did Wilson change the banking system in the United States in
1913?
Established the Federal Reserve System
What commission was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of
businesses?
Federal Trade Commission
What three parties entered a candidate for president in 1912?
Republicans, Progressive, Democrats Who won?
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
The United States joined European nations in a race to
conquest smaller, "uncivilized" nations and to gain access to their resources and markets.
This was known as _________.
Imperialism
What territory was annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in
1898?
Hawaii
What war did the U.S. become involved in in 1898?
Spanish-American War
What name was given to the sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the
Spanish-American War?
Yellow Journalism
What group of volunteers did T. Roosevelt lead in the famous
charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill?
Rough Riders
What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U.S. gain control over as a result of the
defeat of the Spanish?
Philippines
President Roosevelt led the movement to build what canal in
Central America?
Panama Canal
What addendum to the Monroe Doctrine was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in the South American nations in
trouble?
Roosevelt Corollary
How did Taft's foreign diplomacy differ from Roosevelt's?
Dollar Diplomacy
What were the long term causes of the first World War?
Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances
What was the immediate cause of WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Why did the U.S. enter the war?
Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Note
What types of technological innovations were used in WWI?
Tank and submarine
What treaty ended WWI?
Treaty of Versailles
What was the purpose of imperialism?
To expand your country
What type of fighting took place in World War I?
Trench Warfare
Who came up with the idea of the tank?
British
What type of technological innovation did the Germans
bring to WWI?
Submarine
Who were the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Who were the Allied Powers?
France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy
What acts contributed to the Nativist hatred of immigrants
especially during and after WWI?
espionage and sedition
Name several groups of people who benefited from the
diminished workforce during WWI.
Women, African-Americans, Mexican Americans
Which country refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles because
the League of Nations was included in it?
United States
Name the organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security
and peace for all members.
League of Nations
Which president supported the League of Nations?
Woodrow Wilson
Which political party rejected the League of Nations?
Republicans
An intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas that gripped the U.S. during the
1920s.
Red Scare
Trial in which two immigrants were given an unfair trial due to
their ethnic background and were eventually put to death.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about
25 cities nationwide.
Red Summer
By 1922, this organization's membership had grown to about
100,000 and by 1924 to 4 million.
Ku Klux Klan
Migration of blacks from the South to the North for jobs.
Great Migration
A number limit set up by laws to limit annual immigration.
Quota
This type of immigration was banned altogether in the 1920s.
Asian immigration
List several technological innovations in the 1920s.
Cars, planes, home appliances
African American literary awakening of the 1920s.
Harlem Renaissance
African American author of "Their Eyes were Watching
God",
Zora Neale Hurston
List three leading poets/writers of the Harlem Renaissance.
Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes
This type of music grew out of African American music in the south, especially ragtime and
blues.
Jazz
What type of age is the 1920s referred to as?
Jazz Age
Illegal bars that flourished during prohibition.
Speakeasies
Case over the teaching the theory of evolution in the
classroom.
Scopes Trial
During the Great Depression, this made farmers unable to repay
their debts for land and machinery.
Falling farm prices
Allowed investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its
price (10-15%) and borrow the rest.
Buying on margin
The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U.S.'s entry into WWII in 1941.
Great Depression
Houses made out of cardboard paper or scrap metal.
Hoovervilles
A region in the Great Plains where drought and dust storms
took place for much of the 1930s.
Duct Bowl
During his first 100 days Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed this
program.
The New Deal
This New Deal program insured bank deposits up to $5,000.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
This public works project was created in 1933 to help farmers
and create jobs and hydroelectric power.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
This program put over 2.5 million unmarried men to work.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
This program gave jobs building or improving roads, parks,
airports, and other facilities to the unemployed.
Civil Works Administration
This program provided old-age pensions, disability payments and unemployment benefits.
Social Security
FDR created this in response to critics who said he was not doing enough for ordinary Americans.
The Second New Deal
Name the Axis Powers in WWII.
Germany, Italy, Japan
Name the Allies.
U.S., Britain, France, USSR
Giving in to someone's demands in order to keep peace.
Appeasement
Conference in which Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have
the Sudetenland.
Munich Conference
On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded this country creating WWII.
Poland
A German tactic in which tanks, soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack and are there before the foe
has time to react.
Blitzkrieg
This country began to expand in the Pacific, controlling most of China by
1940.
Japan
On Dec. 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked....
Pearl Harbor
Women participated in the military during the war by belonging to
which organizations?
WASPS, WAVES, and WAC's
This battle was the turning point of the war in the east.
Stalingrad
Leader of the U.S. during the war.
F. Roosevelt
Leader of the USSR during the war.
Stalin
Leader of Germany during the war.
Hitler
Leader of Great Britain during the war.
Churchill
Leader of Italy during the war.
Mussolini
After this battle, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive
operations in the Pacific.
Midway
Japanese suicide planes.
Kamikazes
Top secret project to create the atomic bomb.
Manhattan Project
U.S. military leader in Europe.
Eisenhower
U.S. military leader in the Pacific.
McArthur
Places where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined, usually under harsh conditions.
Concentration camps
Where did the U.S. drop the atomic bomb?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki