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÷÷›="I:Z£t)®)ÅZsxÆjZ!ÐH7icì?aZ£:z{ZzwzMy›yƒäÆæ¦Xz{Zsx»zóóX

(Partition Of Punjab Vol. II; P:213)

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(Partition Of Punjab Vol. II; P:214)

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ìóóX 22227 Zzg)ÇVÅ 73462 ®ZŠ(Partition Of Punjab Vol. II; P:528)

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tZ[@*g]îg6,U*"$”{|ìgi+?»Z-Zge)²:åXZ-Zge»Z´y™ä~@*íƒg„¶X§b§bÅ,Gg~Wg„‰XjzzÐa@g~·Z™r#›>Æ¾wóR,~¸z{‡Z+ZWÆZgáŠ6,‡Z+ZWÅ¡÷»ZÖg™äÆnŠ‹=pá‰Zzgt¡÷IÍgŠZ7gÆ!*g}~¶XZk!*g}~a@g~·Z»Òytì:X

When I reached Delhi, I went straight from the airport to the Viceroy's house where Lord Ismay was working. I was told that Lord Ismay was closeted with Sir CyrilRadcliffe. I decided to wait until he was free. When, after about an hour, I saw him, Iconveyed to him the Quaid-e-Azam's message. In reply Ismay professed completeignorance of Radcliffe's ideas about the boundry and stated categorically that neitherMountbatten nor he himself had ever discussed the question with him. It was entirely forRadcliffe to decide and no suggestion of any kind had been or would ever be made tohim. When I plied Ismay with details of what had been reported to us, he said he couldnot follow me. There was a map hanging in the room and I beckoned him to the map sothat I could explain the position to him with its help. There was a pencil line drawnacross the map of the Punjab. The line followed the boundary that had been reported tothe Quaid-e-Azam. I said that it was unneccessary for me to explain further since theline, already drawn on the map, indicated the boundary I had been talking about. Ismayturned pale and asked in confusion who has been fooling with his map. This line differedfrom the final boundary in only one respect that the Muslim majoraty Tehseels ofFerozupr and Zera in the Ferozpur district were still on the side of Pakistanas in the sketch-map.

(Ch. Muhammad Ali, Emergence of Pakistan; Published by Research Society of Pakistan ; Page 218)

F,À:X÷÷Z#~Š‹àÂ~Z],7gÐ¦JzZ·Zñ;îkŠH˜VÑgeZm,ó»xH™DD=Cc*ŠHÑgeZm,óu§wgi+?Æ‚BÈ#}~zsD~äêHZyÆÃgrƒäJ-~

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Zkz‰ÜJ-ÌZku~0*ÎyÅ§s‰óóX vÁ ZÒe$zZà~˜D From Jinah to Zia =¡aZKÂ[

Another occasion for us to resign arose when after an interview with Sir Cyril at Simla Mr. Justice Din Muhammad came out with the impression that practically thewhole of Gurdaspur with a link to Kashmir was going to India, but we were againasked to proceed with our work. (From Jinah to Zia;2nd Edition, Page 12)

F,À:X÷÷øg}Z±Š¶»Zq-Zzgñ§Zkz‰ÜaZƒZZ#H~u§wÐZq-ZÚz-Æˆ=Š+·t

@*W,á™!*CÙMñÍgŠZ7g»‚gZIòÃZq-gZ‚Æ‚Byz*yÃYg;ìDp…Qt¹ŠHëZC»xYg~gODóó

QWÐ™ÍgŠZ7gÆ!*g{~˜:X One of the moot points was Gurdaspur, a Muslim majority district and it becamepredominantly Muslim area if Pathankot was adjoined to the adjacent Hindu areas tothe east. But Pathankot being not exclusively Hindu, the adhopur Headworks, whichwould mostly irrigate Muslim majority areas, with the area to the west of it, should beawarded to Pakistan, But the argument had no effect on him and he gave bothGurdapur and Batala, which had a Muslim majority, to India. Ajnala Tehsil in Ameritsaralso, which was Muslim area (59.04) he refused to join with the district of Lahore and gave it to India. (From Jinah to Zia; 2nd Edition, Page 13)

F,À:Õ÷÷ik,cÎZÑ]~ÐZq-ÍgŠZ7gå›ZÒe$»IåZzgZ¤/Zk~ÐòyÃæ¹Y+$yzZÒe$ÆzÆ‚Báï™Šc*Y@*ÂÍgŠZ7g~¸ZÒe$›ZÒe$ƒYCDpòyÃ^aè®Ò0îGGSyz´‘~åZzgâŠðZzgŠzguÐic*Š{F,›ZÒe$Æ´VÅM[0*Ùƒð¶ZkntZkÅf!Y+$»z0*ÎyÃY**e’DpZkŠ?»Zk6,ÃðZW,:ƒZZzgZkäÍgŠZ7gZzgJ!

(ÃZkäÑƒg 59.04 ŠzâV›ZÒe$Æ´ºyz*yÃŠ}ŠØDZ%<ÅZ»!›y´‘å)Æ‚Báï™äÐZïg™Šc*Zzgz{Ìyz*yÃŠ}Šc*Dóó

=¡a'×h+˜:XThere is conclusive proof, oral as well as documentary, that the award was altered inrespect of the Ferozepure Tehsils and the areas that lie between the angle of theBeas and the Satluj. (From Jinah to Zia; 2nd Edition, Page

14)

F,À:Õ÷÷Zk!*]Æi!*ãZzg’k,~îg6,¬o]ñŠ9zi7gÅZzgXZzgÒkÆŠgxã´VÆ!*g}~Z-Zge~gŠz$+wHŠHDóó

‡Z+ZWZ,çCV~¹ZôoÐ»xfepŠZrVäÛâc*:X The division of India has now been finally and irrevocably effected. No doubts, we feel the carving out of this great independent sovereign Muslim state has suffered injustices.We have been squeezed in as uch as it was possible in the latest blow that we havereceived was the Award of the boundary commmission. It is an unjust,incomprehensible and even perverse Award. It may be wrong unjust and perverse and itmay not be a judicial but political Award, but we had agreed to abide by it and it is binding upon us. As honorable people, wemust abide by it.(Speeches and Statementsof Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah(Lahore: Research Soc ie t y o f

P a k i s t a n ; 1 9 7 6 ) P a g e ; 432)

F,À:X÷÷yz*yÅ„Z[îZzg**‡.Þ;îg6,¿~M_ìDZk~šµëtCk™DZkxpŠ

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Š*½Æ>gi+?ÅÑou$+Šc*„6,5X1>ZwZgÔ»ô+fYZzg>»t]»‚gZizgZk!*]6,ìgi+?œg{H™@*ÔZ£-VäZ°ZŠzÑg„Z,Š}ŠØXÍc*gi+?Â.e$™s_ZÔŠc*ÈZgZzgë'×Z`WŠòåÔZ-Zge!*ÇŠg„ƒg;åÔZ£-VäZµ™ghxŠZ4™Æc*Z°ZŠzÑgŠZ4

™ÆÍgŠZ7gÃyz*y~áï™ä»gZ3™s™Šc*Xtgi+?ÆáºZÚÌ7Y…ÍgŠZ7gZzgÅãCŠ6,Š‰XZk!*g}~$+Šc*-$ Other Factors ik,{z){Z°ZŠzÑgÅ¯6,yz*yÃ7ŠØ‰Ô

ZzgªÝgi+?ÃpŠÌÑxWðZzgz{Ë!*]ÅÂä7™ä»0*È7åZÐÂä7™äÅ¢zg]7WðXaèz{Y}åz{??$+Šc*„»%>ƒg;åÔZknZkäZq-ßÑ6Z±g7™Šc*X

ÆÑzq~7ÂÆÑpZ−+ciZŠ{»Zq-*ygi+?Z-Zge The Partition of Punjab

» Days to Remember Æ!*g{~áïHŠHìXZk*y~ÑpZ−+ciZŠ{=¡aÆ*yjZ!Šïƒñ˜ÍgŠZ7gÆ!*g{~gi+?ÐW»f™™Dƒñ=¡aä–ì:

It was a Muslim majority area and , therefore if a district was to be taken as a unit , the whole of it had to go to Pakistan. But if .....the district had to be partitioned , thePathankot Tehsil could... be separated from it and joined with the contiguousnon-Muslim area. Shakargarh was not only a Muslim majority area but also a physicalentity, with the Ravi as its eastern boundary,and could not conceivably be split up .

(27e)

F,À:X÷÷t›yZÒe$»´‘å®ZZ¤/IÃZ»ðŒY@*Ât‚gZI0*ÎyÃY**e’åpZ¤/'IÃ„™**åÂQòæÃZkÐZµHYYåX]¥/|:Üs›ZÒî´‘åÉ8îg6,Z»ðåYègZz~ZkÅæ¹uuáCåZzg-VZÐÂhä»Ãð¦g7åóóX

tZÏ*y»jZ!ìT»f™ZN*gã¾w™gìXÍc*=¡azZãîg6,ÉgìÍgŠZ7g›yZÒî´‘„åX}Ìt7–ZkÅ›ZÒe$Z£-VÅzzÐ•¶X

=¡a'×h+˜:X

Further, there is intrinsic evidence in the award itself to show that this part of the award was not the result of an honest endevour to arrive at a just decision. I have already saidthat Sir Cyril gave no reasons for the award but for these two Tehsil's remaining in Indiahe did give a reason and that reason is nothing but convincing. The reason is asfollwos: I have hesitated long over those not inconsiderable areas east of the Satluj riverand in the angle of the Beas and Satluj River in which Muslim majorities are found buton the whole I have come to the conclusion that it would be in the interest of neitherstate to extend the territories of the west Punjab to a strip on the far side of the Satlujand that there are factors such as the disruption of railway communication and watersystems that ought in this instance to displace the priary claims of contiguousmajorities. But I must call attention to the fact that the Depalpur canal, which servesareas in the west Punjab, takes off from the Ferozpure headworks and I find it difficult toenvisage a satisfactory demarcation of boundary at this point that is not accompaniedby some arrangement for joint control of the intake of thedifferent canals dependent on these headworks." (Notes on the Radcliffe Award by S Sharif-ud-Din Pirzada; The Partition of The Punjab, Vol I; -- National

Documentation Center, 1983, Page xxxvi)

F,À:

÷÷'×h+',MVZ-Zge~Zk!*]ÆZ0+gzãØZ@ñŠtªCÙ™DtZ-ZgeË²:³6,îcËŠc*ÈZgZ:ÃÒ»³7ìD~C[ƒVu§w"äZkZ-ZgeÅÃðz;]c*ŠÑbÒy7GDp!*,!ZyŠz#VÆyz*y~áï™äÅŠ?¢zgŠ~ˆìDZzgz{Š?ëw)‡b™äzZà(7ìDz{Š?-VìÔŠgc*ñXÆætÅY+$5/ºðh}Ì7ZzgXZzgÒkÆŠgxã´‘Æ!*g{~›ZÒe$Æ´ºX~îsE+&+[»Dgg;ƒVp¨ù¦~Zk³6,àƒVtŠzâVgc*2V~ÐËÆ¢Š~7ƒÇf!º[ÅuzŠÃXŠgc*ÆÛzã§sJ-(,JŠc*YñZzggw}ÆgËzg‚bZzgMBÙ»ÂxZ,úZïZkñ§6,1ZÒîM!*Š-VÅŠ?6,qz~

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»jZ!Ì The Indus River ÅÂ[ Aloys A. Michel ÑpZ−+ciZŠ{äZL*y~Šg`HìT~z{˜:X

But in Gurdaspur "other factors" came into consideration as they had in Ferozpur, and irrigation was one of them.Thus the argument form the irrigation standpoint wouldappear to have reinforced that from the population standpoint: if the principal of"contiguous majority" applied to districts as a whole, then it would have been quitelogical and quite consistent to award Ferozpure, Amritsur, and Jullundur to India andGurdaspur to Pakistan; if irrigation considerations were to take precedence, why notgive Madhopur headworks to Pakistan, since the area served was mainly in the LahoreDistrict, since Pakistan could not supply Lahore without supplying Amritsur on the way,and since - if Pakistan were to interfere with the supplies on two southern branches-India could retaliate by cutting of supplies from Ferozpure headworks to the DepalpurCanal?... Yet straight forward logic of irrigation consideration in Gurdaspur wasapparently vitiated by still further "other factors" Gurdaspur included the only roadlinking the Eastern Punjab, and hence India, with Jammu and Kashmir, and the onlybridge (on the Madhopur Barrage) over the Ravi above Lahore. The railways fromAmritsur and Jullundur met at Pathankot, with a branch to Madhopur, although there

was no rail connection across the river here (one was under construction in1965).Had Radcliffe awarded Gurdaspur to Pakistan, there would have been no land commmunication between Indiaand Jammu-Kashmir (Notes on the Radcliffe Award by S Sharif-ud-Din Pirzada; The Partition of The Punjab, Vol I; -- NationalDocumentation Center, 1983, Page xxxix)

F,À:X

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''at his press confrence of June 4 1947 Mount Batten was asked why he had, in thebroad cast of previous evening on the June 3 Partition Plan, catagorcally stated that,"the ultimate boundries will be settled by a boundary commission and will almostcertainly not be identical with those which have been provisionally adopted." MountBatten immidiately replied," I put that in for the simple reason that in the district ofGurdaspur in the Punjab the population is 50.4 % Muslim, I think and 49.6 % nonmuslims. With a differance of 0.8 % You will see at once that it is unlikely that theboundary commission will throw the whole of the district into the Muslimmajority areas."

(Ch. Muhammad Ali, Emergence of Pakistan; Published by Research Society of Pakistan ; Page 215)

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