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rgdi-rogn satatnuaktn-aea-kya-prastn-aen

autsukya-mohratidn jaghna yoprva-vaidyya namostu-tasmai //1//

rgdi - all the qualities accompanying attachment (kma, krodha, lobha, mada, mtsarya

etc.), colour, music; rogn to the diseases; satata- always; anuakta - closely associated

with; aea- limitless, totally; kya- body; prastn issuing from, spreading (derived from

prasra); aen limitless; autsukya- anxieties; moha- delusion; arati not having any

interest, restlessness; dn that which produces;jaghna has destroyed, eradicated; ya

who; aprva rare, never seen before (signifying greatness); vaidyya unto the physician;

namo astu let there be obeisances; tasmai- unto him

Translation

Obeisances unto that unique and rare (uncomparable) physician who has completely

eliminated limitless diseases that are closely associated with and spreading all over the body

and mind, perpetually causing anxiety, confusion and restlessness. These diseases include

attachment (and aversion) and their various transformations which are an integral aspect of

all living beings.

athta yukmyam-adhyyavykhysyma

iti ha smhur-treydayo maharaya// prose 1//

athta therefore; yukmyam quest for longevity; adhyya chapter; vykhysyma

will describe; iti this; hasma-hur as spoken by; treydayo treyariand others;

maharaya the sages

Translation

Therefore as advised/spoken by the great hermit treyaand the group of sages, is described

the chapter on the quest for longevity.

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yu-kmayamnena dharmrtha-sukha-sdhanam

yurvedopadeeu vidheyaparamdara//2//

yu long life; kmayamnena since it causes the desire; dharma virtue, duty; arthawealth; sukha happiness; sdhanam goal; yurveda upadeeu in the teachings of

yurveda; vidheya practiced, applied; paramdara with great care and respect

Translation

One who desires a long life in order to attain virtue, wealth and happiness, should very

respectfully apply oneself to (study, understand, implement and advocate) the teachings of

yurveda.

brahmsmtvyuo-vedaprajpatim-ajigrahat

so'vinau tau sahasrkaso'tri-putrdikn-munn //3//

te'gnivedikste tu pthak tantri tenire //4a//

brahm Lord Brahma; smtv having recollected; yuo-veda the science of longevity(yurveda); prajpatim unto DakaPrajpati; ajigrahat given; sa he (Prajpati); avinau

to the avinikumras; tau two of them; sahasrka unto Lord Indra; sa he (Indra);

atri-putrdikn unto the son of Atrimuni and others; munn unto the sages; te they (the

sages); agnivedikn to Agniveaand others; te they (referring to Agniveaand others);

tu indeed; pthak discretely, separately; tantri all the tantrs; tenire spread,

propagated

Translation

Lord Brahmarecollected the science of yurvedaand delivered it to PrajpatiDaka. He in

turn taught the twin brothers, AviniKumraswho imparted the same to King Indra. King

Indrapassed it down to the great sages like the son of sage Atriand others, who later taught

Agnivea and other sages. They then composed their own separate treatises which were

propagated all around (the world).

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tebhyoti-viprakrebhyapryasrataroccaya//4//

kriyatega-hdayam nti-sakepa-vistaram

tebhyo for the people; ati too much (various sources); viprakrebhya from the scattered

(tantrs in previous verse); prya mostly; sratara the better parts of the essence;

uccaya is spoken; kriyate is composed; aga-hdayam this book agahdayam;

nti not too much; sakepa concise; vistaram expansive

Translation

For the benefit of the people, the essence of the science, which was scattered in the form of

several tantras, is now being presented, in the form of Aga Hdayawhich is neither too

expansive nor too concise.

I

kya-bla-grahordhvnga-alya-datr-jar-v//5//

atvagni tasyhu-cikitsyeu sarit

kya - internal medicine; bla pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics; graha - psychiatry,

medical astrology, spirits; dhvnga - upper part of body (head, neck and face); aly -

surgery; datra - toxicology; jar - rejuvenation and geriatrics (rasyana); vrn -

aphrodisiacs, virility, fertility, dealing with procreation and health of reproductive system; aa

eight; agni parts; tasya of them; hus it is said; cikita treatment/ management of

diseases; eu among them (the 8 branches mentioned above); sarit completely

depends upon

Translation

The management of diseases is completely dependent upon the eight branches (limbs) of

yurveda, which are said to be general medicine, pediatrics (including gynecology andobstetrics), psychiatry and medical astrology, diseases of the head and neck (above the

clavicle), surgery, toxicology, rejuvenation and virility.

vyupittakaphaceti trayo dosamsata//6//

vikt-'viktdehaghnanti te vartayanti ca

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vyupittakaphaceti of vtapittaand kapha; iti referring to something that has already

been said; trayodo the three dos; samsata in brief (meaning that detail will come

later); vikt imbalance (disease); avikt without imbalance (health); deha body;

ghnantite they destroy; vartayantica and maintain

Translation

In short, vta, pittaand kaphaare the three doasresponsible for destroying and

maintaining the body in their vitiated and balanced states respectively

te vypino pi hnnbhyor-adho-madhyordhva-saray//7//

vayoho-rtri-bhuktntenta-madhydigkramt

te those (three doasmentioned above); vypina are spreading all over at all times; api

although, yet; hn(hd) heart; nbhyo umbilicus; adho lower ; madhya middle; rdhva

top; samray residing, sheltered; vayah age, life; aho- day ; rtri night; bhuktnm

food that is already eaten (i.e. being digested); te that; anta end; madhya middle; di

beginning; g going (in that order); kramt in systematic order, respectively

Translation

The three doasare spread all over the body at all times. Yet they are sheltered in the area

below the umbilicus (primary location of vta), between the umbilicus and the heart (primary

location of pitta); and above the heart (primary location of kapha) in that order. The end,

middle and beginning of (each of the following) - life, day, night and digestion of food - are

predominantly influenced by the tridoas, in the same order. (i.e. vta, pitta & kapha).

tair-bhaved-viamas-tko manda-cgnisamai sama//8//

tair due to those (three doas) ; bhaved- becomes; viamas- irregular or erratic; tko-

sharp, quick & intense; manda - dull, poor, inadequate; ca and; agni digestive and

metabolic fire; samai that in which all the doas are balanced; sama is known as

balanced digestive fire

Translation

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Of the digestive fires, the (four) types are unpredictably irregular, intensely sharp, inadequately

slow and balanced.

kohakrro mdur-madhyo madhyasyttaisamair-api

koha lumen, digestive tract; krra cruel (meaning hard and dry - of vta); mdu- soft

(of pitta); madhya- medium or moderate (of kapha); syt- that; tai of those; samair of

balanced (doas); api also

Translation

The (three) types of digestive tracts are dry, soft and moderate. Balanced doaalso has

moderate koha.

ukrrtava-sthair-janmdau vieeva viakrime//9//

taica tisrapraktayo hna-madhyottampthak

samadhtusamastsu rehnindydvidoaj//10//

ukra semen; rtava ovum; sthair firmly situated in the; janmdau at the time of

conception; vieeva- just as (their own) poison is; viakrime (not poisonous) for poisonous

insects, worms, microbes (originate); taica from them and; tisra three types of; praktayo

of constitution; hna inferior; madhya medium; uttam superior; pthak discrete,separate (single doa); samadhtu balanced tissues; samastsu- combined, put together;

reh best nindy abhorred; dvidoaj born of combination of two doas

Translation

In the beginning, at the time of conception, i.e. the union of the sperm and ovum, constitution

(prakti) of the living being is formed. Prakti is like the poison of the poisonous creatures

(i.e.which does not cause them any harm). There are three separate single doapredominant

constitutions - inferior, medium and superior in that order. There is one constitution in which

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all the three doas are balanced. The other (three) constitutions in which two doas are

predominant are abhorred.

tatra rko laghu takharaskma-calo nila

tatra of that; rka dry; laghu light; ta cold; khara rough; skma subtle; cala

that which initiates movement; anila vta

Translation

Of those three, vtais dry, light, cold, rough, subtle and initiation of all processes i.e.

movements or transformations

pittasasneha tkoalaghu visrasaradrava//11//

pitta pitta; sa-sneha a little oily (accompanied by oily quality); tka sharp, quick;

ua hot; laghu light; visra foul smelling; sara moving; drava fluid

Translation

Pittais a little oily, sharp, hot, light, foul smelling, mobile and fluid.

snigdhato gurur mandalako mtsnasthirakapha

snigdha unctuous; to cold; guru heavy; manda slow; lako fine, smooth,

slippery; mtsna sticky like glue; sthira stable; kapha kapha

Translation

Kaphais unctuous, cold, heavy, slow, smooth or slimy, sticky and stable.

AH S1. 12 (contd.)

samsargasanniptaca tad-dvi-tri-kaya-kopata//12//

samsarga called by the name samsarga; sanniptaca and called by the name sannipta;

ca and; tad that; dvi two (dos); tri three (dos); kaya decrease; kopata

aggravation

Translation

Involvement of two doasis called samsargaand of three doasis called sannipta. There

can be either increase or decrease of each of the doasin this combination.

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Seven dhts(also known as dyas)

rassg-msa-medo-sthi majja-ukrni dhtava

rasa lymphatic tissue; ask blood tissue; msa muscle tissue; medas adiposetissue; asthi bone or skeletal tissue; majja marrow or nerve tissue; ukrni reproductive

tissue; dhtava the support of the body (tissues)

Translation

Those that support the body are lymph, blood, muscle, fat, bone, marrow and reproductive

tissues.

sapta dymalmtra akt sveddayo pi ca //13//

sapta seven; dya those which are vitiated (i.e. dhtus); mal waste; mtra urine;

akt faeces; sveda sweat; dayo- and others; api also ; ca and

Translation

Each of these seven (dhtus) can get vitiated. The waste products which are feces, urine,

sweat etc can also get vitiated (by doas).

vddhisamnaisarvevipartair-viparyaya

vddhi increase; samnai similar qualities; sarve- of them all (i.e. dhtus&

malas); vipartair- opposites; viparyaya- do the reverse (i.e. reduce)

Translation

Similar qualities cause an increase (i.e. of the doas, dyas andmalas having similarqualities).Opposite qualities cause the reverse (i.e. decrease of doas, dyas & malas

having the opposite qualities)

rassvdvamla-lavaa-tiktoaa-kayak//14//

adravyam- ritste ca yath-prva-balvah

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ras tastes; svdu- sweet; amla- sour; lavaa- salty; tikta- bitter; ua- pungent; kaya

astringent; a six; dravyam substances; ritste (their properties) depend upon; ca

and; yathprvam in the preceding order, the first half of the list; balvaha providing

strength (strengthening)

Translation

The tastes are six in number and they are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent and astringent.

The tastes are dependent on substances (for their expression). The strengthening effect of

the tastes mentioned here increases in the ascending order.

tatrdymrutaghnanti trayas tiktdayakapha//15//

kaya-tikta madhurpitta-manye tu kurvate

tatrdy the first three; mruta vta; ghnanti destroys, pacifies; trayas of the three;

tiktdaya bitter and so on (bitter, pungent, astringent); kapha kapha; kaya

astringent; tikta bitter; madhur sweet; pitta-manye curbs pitta; tu but; kurvate does

Translation

The first three tastes (svdu, amla & lavaa)alleviate vta, the last three beginning with

bitter(tikta, uaa & kaya) alleviate kapha, pittais alleviated by astringent, bitter and

sweet tastes (kaya, tikta&madhur).

amanakopanasvastha hitadravyamiti tridh//16//

amana- palliating, pacifying; kopana- aggravating; svasthahita- beneficial for health;

dravyam- substances; ititridh- these three types

Translation

There are three kinds of substances. They are those which are palliating, aggravating and

beneficial for health (strengthening).

ua ta guotkart tatra vryadvidhsmta

ua- hot; ta- cold; gua- quality; utkart- eminent, prominent; tatra- there; vrya -

potency;dvidh

- two types;sm

ta- known as

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Translation

Substances are known to possess heating or cooling potencies depending on which one they

increase.

tridhvipko dravyasya svdvamla katuktmaka//17//

tridh- three types; vipko- of post digestive effect; dravyasya- of substances; svdu-

sweet; amla- sour; katuka- pungent; tmaka- consisting or composed of

Translation

The three types of post-digestive effects (tastes) consist of sweet, sour and pungent.

guru-manda-hima-snigdha-laka-sndra-mdu-sthir

gusa-skma-viadviatisa-viparyay//18//

guru heavy; manda slow; hima cold; snigdha unctuous; laka smooth; sndra

solid; mdu soft; sthir stable; gu qualities; skma subtle; viad clear; viati

twenty; saviparyay along with their opposite (qualities)

Translation

The twenty qualities are heavy, slow, cold, unctuous, smooth, solid, soft, stable, subtle and

clear along with their opposite counterparts.

klrtha-karmayogo hna-mithyti-mtraka

samyag-yoga-ca vijeyo rogrogyaika-kraa//19//

kla- season or time; artha- sense object; karma- activities; yoga- method, union; hna

- poor, insufficient; mithy- inappropriate, perverted; ati excessive; mtraka - quantity;

samyak balanced; yoga interaction; ca and; vijeyo knowledge of; roga disease;

rogya absence of disease (health); eka only, exclusive; kraam reason, cause

Translation

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The deficient, perverted and excessive interactions of time (kla), sense objects (artha) or

actions (karma) are the only causes of disease. Their balanced interactions are the only

causes of health.

rogastu doa vaiamyadoa-smyam-arogat

nijgantu vibhgena tatra rogdvidhsmt//20//

rogastu of disease; doavaiamya disturbance or irregularity of doa; doa-smyam

equilibrium of doa; arogat of health; nija internal, endogenous; gantu external,

exogenous; vibhgena divisions; tatra of that; rog disease; dvidh two types; smt it is known

Translation

Disease is the irregularity of doas, health is the equilibrium of doas. It is known that there

are two categories of diseases - endogenous and exogenous.

tem kya-mano-bhedd-adhithnam-api dvidh

tem of that (the two types of diseases mentioned); kya body; mano of the mind;

bheddis distinctly divided; adhithnam- basis or foundation; api also; dvidh two types

Translation

Of the two types of diseases mentioned, there are two foundations. They are the body and

the mind.

rajas-tamas-ca manaso dvau ca dovudhtau //21//

rajas passion; tamas ignorance, darkness; ca and; manaso of the mind; dvau two in

number; ca and; do faults; udhtau it is said

Translation

It is said that passion (rajas) and ignorance (tamas) are the two faults of the mind.

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darana-sparana-pranaiparketa ca rogia

darana inspection; sparana touch (palpation, percussion); pranai interrogation,

history taking; parketa is examined by; ca and; rogia the patient

Translation

The patient is examined using visual, tactile and interrogatory techniques.

roganidna-prgrpa-lakaopaayptibhi//22//

nidna cause or etiology; prgrpaor prvarpa prodromal symptoms; lakaa clinical

symptoms; upaaya diagnostic tests / trial & error; ptior samprpti pathogenesis

Translation

Etiology, initial non-specific prodromal symptoms, expressed specific clinical symptoms,

diagnostic tests (trial and error) and pathogenesis are the ways to evaluate a disease.

bhmi-deha-prabhedena deamhur iha dvidh

jgalavta-bhyiha-npatu kapholbaa//23//

sdhraasama-malatridhbhdeam-diet

bhmi land; deha body; prabhedena types; deamhur all the regions; iha in this

world; dvidh two types;jgala dry, arid; vtabhyitha vta predominant; npa

situated near water, watery; tu but; kaphaulbaa excessively or predominantly kapha;

sdhraa moderate type; sama- uniformly distributed; mala doas; tridh three

types; bhdeam land; diet has been said

Translation

Land bodies are of three types. One which is dry is vtapredominant. The one which is watery

is kaphapredominant. The third is a moderate type where there is equal distribution of the

doas.

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kadir-vydhy-avasthca klo bheaja-yoga-kt //24//

kadi according to units of time on the clock; vydhyvasth according to stage of the

disease; ca and; klo time for; bheaja treatment; yogakt is appropriately administered

Translation

yurvedictreatment is administered after considering two aspects of time - as per the units of

real time and as per the stage of disease.

odhanaamanaceti samsd-auadhadvidh

odhana cleansing; amana pacifying, palliating; ca and; iti this; samsd

succinctly grouped; auadha treatments; dvidh two groups

Treatment

Treatments are succinctly divided into two groups, namely, palliating the doasand

cleansing the doas.

arrajndokramea param-auadha

vastir-vireko vamanatathtailaghtamadhu

arrajn originating from body; do (diseases of the) doas; kramea - in the

order, by regimen; param ultimate, best; auadha medicine; vastir enema; vireko

purgation; vamana emesis; tath respectively; taila oil; ghta ghee; madhu

honey

Translation

The best treatments for the (vitiated) doas in the body are medicated enema (vasti),

therapeutic purgation (virecana) and therapeutic emesis (vamana) in that order using oils,

ghee and honey respectively.

dh-dhairytmdi-vijnamano-doauadhapara

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dh intelligence (discrimination); dhairya courage, will power, patience; tmdivijnam

knowledge of soul and allied subjects; mano of the mind; doa diseases; auadha

medicine, therapy; para best

Translation

The best therapies for the mind are nourishing the intelligence, developing will power and

cultivating spiritual knowledge.

bhiak dravyyupasthtrogpda-catuayam

cikitsitasya nirdiapratyekataccatur-guam //27//

bhiak physician; dravyi medicines; upastht paramedical staff, attendant, nurse;rog patient; pda legs; catuayam four types; cikitsitasya to be treated; nirdia

indicated, declared; pratyeka distinct; tat of each of these; caturguam four qualities

Translation

Physician, medicines, nurse and patient are the four legs of treatment process. For obtaining

indicated results, the four legs should possess four qualities each.

dakas-trthtta-strrthe da-karmucir-bhiak

bahukalpabahuguasampannayogyam-auadha//28//

dakas expert; trthtta learned from the gurus (trtha holy abode i.e. in the presence of

theguru; tta obtained); strrthe all the meanings and interpretations of the texts; da-

karm observed and experienced (performed) directly; ucir hygienic, pure hearted, having

good intentions; bhiak the physician; bahukalpa - capable of being used in manypharmaceutical modes and doages; bahugua having many qualities; sampannam

easily obtainable, palatable; yogyam suitable for use (according to the situation); auadham

medicine

Translation

The physician should be an expert, learned from masters, knowing all the meanings and

interpretations of the yurvedictexts, observed and practically performed the treatments

oneself and clean (in mind and body). The medicinal substance should have the capability to

be used in different types of formulations, possessing many healing qualities, easilyobtainable and appropriate for use in the particular given situation.

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anuraktaucir-dako buddhimn paricraka

anurakta loving; uci hygienic, having pure intentions; daka skilled; buddhimnintelligent (able to understand quickly the instructions of the physician); paricraka nurse,

caretaker, assistant

Treatment

The nurse or caretaker should be loving, pure and clean, skilled and intelligent.

hyo rogbhiag-vayo jpakasattvavn-api //29//

hyo wealthy enough to afford treatment; rog patient; bhiak-vayo willing to be

controlled by the physician (obedient); jpaka communicative; sattvavn mentally

strong, stable and peaceful (having sattvic qualities); api also

Translation

The patient should be affording, obedient, communicative as well as mentally pure and strong.

sdhyosdhya iti vydhir-dvidhtau tu punar-dvidh

susdhyakcchra-sdhyaca ypyo-yacnupakrama//??//

sdhyo curable; asdhya incurable; iti thus; vydhir diseases; dvidh classified into

two types; tau those; tu but; punar-dvidh again two types; susdhya easily curable;

kcchra-sdhya cured with difficulty; ca and; ypyo not curable but kept under control

with medicines, diet and lifestyle changes; yaca and those; anupakrama incurable or

fatal (those in which nothing can be done)

Translation

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Diseases are classified into two types - curable and incurable. The two types are again

classified into two each. Curable is divided into easily curable and cured with difficulty.

Incurable diseases are divided into those can be kept under control and fatal.

sarvauadha-kame dehe-ynapuso jittmana

amarmagolpa-hetvagra-rpa-rponupadrava//30//

sarva complete; auadha medicine; kame effectiveness, ability to tolerate the

potency; dehe by the body; yna along with; puso person (the patient);jittmana

self controlled; amarmago not on any vital body parts; alpa trivial; hetu- cause; agra-

rpa (prva rpa) prodromal symptoms; rpa signs and symptoms; anupadrava not

having complications

Translation

The body of the person should have the ability to tolerate the potency of the medicine and

treatments. The person should be self controlled, the vital body parts uninjured, very few

causative factors and though having prodromal and visible signs of disease, not having any

complications. (This suggests good prognosis)

atulya-dya-dea-tu-praktipda-sampadi

grahev-anuguev-eka-doa-mrgo navasukha//31//

atulya dissimilar; dya vitiated body tissues; dea habitat or place of residence; tu

season; prakti constitution; pda limbs (the four limbs of treatment); sampadi in excellent

condition, beneficial, in abundance; ghev-anugueu favorable planetary astrological

influence; ekadoa arising from only a single doa ; (eka) mrgo manifesting in one

disease pathway (of the doa); nava newly manifested (early stage of disease); sukha

is easy (to cure)

Translation

The factors for good prognosis of a disease are dissimilarity (incongruence) between the

vitiated tissues, habitat, season and constitution. Having the four limbs of treatment in

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excellent condition, favourable planetary influences, imbalance of only a single doa, the

disease manifesting in only one pathway and of recent onset are also factors for good

prognosis.

astrdi-sdhanakcchrasakare ca tato gada

eatvd-yuo-ypyapathybhysd-viparyaye //32//

astrdisdhana requiring surgical instruments; kcchra difficult to cure; sakare mixed

together (more than one dya, mrgaetc); ca and; tato that which; gada disease;

eatvd what is left or remaining; yuo of the life span; ypya to remain cured;

pathybhysd following the suitable rules of diet and lifestyle; viparyaye reversed, altered,

to turn around.

Translation

Diseases requiring surgery, with multiple involvement of doas, dhtusand pathways

(rogamrga) are difficult to cure. They can be kept under control for the remaining life span

by following a strict regimen which is opposite to the disease.

anupakrama eva syt-sthitotyanta-viparyaye

autsukya-mohrati-kd darioka-nana//33//

anupakrama incurable, unmanageable, not to be entertained; eva certainly; syt of these;

sthito situated; atyanta severely; viparyaye opposite, perverse, contrary to; autsukya

anxiety; moha delusion; rati restlessness; kt - showing; da able to see; aria-aka

visible signs of end of life; nana destruction

Translation

When the situation is severely opposite (gravely contrary), the disease is said to be incurable.

One will be able to perceive the visible signs of the end of life such as anxiety, delusion and

restlessness.

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tyajed-rta bhiag-bhpair-dviatedviadvia

hnopakaraavyagram-avidheyagatyua//34//

caaokturabhruktaghnavaidyamnina

Translation

The situations in which patients may be rejected treatment by the physician are those who

are against the king (state), those who harbour feelings of animosity towards the vaidya, lack

of equipments to perform the treatment, those who are too busy (not having the time), those

who are unable to follow the dos and donts, those whose life span is completed, the evil

minded, pessimistic, ungrateful and those who do not pay heed to the advice of the vaidya.