Agronomy 101

Otherwise known as:Manure Happens

Topics

• Manure Characteristics Nutrient content N-P-K Factors affecting nutrient content of

manure Differences amongst animal species Sampling requirements and methods Application equipment

Topics

• Record and manure management

Nutrient Budgets Worksheets

7020.0300 Definitions

• Subp. 4. Animal manure or manure.

“Animal manure” or “manure” means poultry, livestock, or other animal excrete or mixture of excrete with feed, bedding, precipitation, or other materials.

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

7020.0300 Definitions

• Subp. 13b. Manure – contaminated runoff

“Manure-contaminated runoff” means a liquid that has come into contact with animal manure and drains over land from any animal feedlot, manure storage area, or animal land application site.

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

7020 and NPDES Definitions

• Solid Manure

7020.2125 Manure Stockpiling Sites Subp. 1, item B.

• Manure must not be placed on a stockpiling site unless a three-to- one horizontal-to-vertical ratio can be maintained or the manure has at least, a 15 percent solids content

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules?id=7020.2125

7020 and NPDES Definitions

• NPDES Permit language

Solid Manure (15 percent or more solids, and handled as a solid) Winter Application

Liquid Manure is considered to be any Manure that does not meet the definition of “solid Manure” provided in item 3.

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=13482

Manure Sampling Requirements

• NPDES = annually• Storage area for 100 au or more = once every 4

years• 300 au or more farms = for 3 consecutive years

than once every 4 years• 7020.2225 LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE.• Subp. 2.Manure nutrient testing requirements.• https

://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.2225

Manure Sampling Recommendations

• Composite samples How is the manure handled/managed Housing – bedding – equipment Liquid or solid manure Storage system agitated Custom hauler

• Best time to sample – when applying manure• Recommend annual sampling • Recommend running averages• http://www.mn.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/ecs/nutri

ent/manure/mnnutr6.pdf

Reference Materials

• Beer and Baking

• U of M and Dept of Ag– Nutrient & Manure Management Tables and– Nutrient Management Tables

• Excellent reference materials

Nitrogen Availability and Loss, as Affected by Method of Manure Application and Animal Species Year Available % of Total Nitrogen Available Per Year

Broadcast Incorporation Timing Injection After 96 hrs. 12 to 96

hrs. Within 12 hrs.

Sweep Knife

Beef Year 1 25 45 60 60 50 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 40 20 5 5 10 Dairy Year 1 20 40 55 55 50 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 40 20 10 5 10 Swine Year 1 35 55 75 80 70 Year 2 15 15 15 15 15 Lost 50 30 10 5 15 Poultry Year 1 45 55 70 70 70 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 30 20 5 5 5

Liquid Manure Application Equipment

Double disks manure applicator

Double disks manure applicator

Sweep injection manure applicator

Sweep injection manure applicator

Knife injection manure applicator

Broadcast solid manure applicators

• Typically used with solid manure and semi-solid manures

• End gate spreaders are used with dry manure and bedded pack manure

• Side-slingers used with semi-solids or slurry manures

End gate spreader

Side-slinger spreader

or Toyota Cowrolla

Nutrient Budgets

• Method to calculate amount of manure and or fertilizer to apply to planned crop Calculations use MN-extension formulas Variables include:

Crop rotation and yield goals Manure analysis and method of application Fertilizer use

Beer & Baking or Balancing your Checkbook

Nutrient Budgets crop needs

• Crop rotation = nutrient recommendation

Table 1. Crop Nitrogen Recommendations Crop to Be Grown Yield Crop Last Year

Crop 2 Years Ago Max N Needs

Corn Any Corn No Alfalfa 180 Corn Any Corn Alfalfa 130 Corn Any Soybeans No Alfalfa 140 Corn Any Alfalfa Any 80 Corn Silage Any Corn Corn 180 Corn Silage Any Corn Alfalfa 130 Corn Silage Any Alfalfa Any 80 Wheat 60 – 90 bu Corn No Alfalfa 110 Wheat 60 – 90 bu Soybeans No Alfalfa 90 Oats 81 – 100 bu Corn No Alfalfa 70 Oats 81 – 100 bu Soybeans No Alfalfa 30 Sweet Corn 8 - 9 tons Corn Any 120 Sweet Corn 8 - 9 tons Soybeans Any 90

Nutrient Budgets availability

• Type of animal and method of application = nutrient availability

Nutrient Budgetswhat’s in your account

• Calculate any 2nd year manure credit• Based on previous years total manure

nitrogen applied

Nutrient Budgets Example

• Corn following corn = 180 pounds of nitrogen• Finishing swine manure analysis for N-P-K:

– 58-44-40 pounds/1000 gallons• Method of manure application:

– Broadcast immediate incorporation with disks:• Nitrogen availability =75%• Starter fertilizer credit: 5 – 10 – 0 pound N-P-K

How many #s of N are available?

A. 43.5#B. 35.6#C. 58.4#D. 40.3#

43.5#35.6#

58.4#40.3#

25% 25%25%25%

Nutrient Budgets Example

How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre?

A. 4150 gallons / acreB. 3500 gallons / acreC. 4000 gallons / acreD. 6050 gallons / acre

4150 gallons /

acre

3500 gallons /

acre

4000 gallons /

acre

6050 gallons /

acre

25% 25%25%25%

Nutrient Budgets Example

Nutrient Budgets Example

• 180 – 5# N in starter = 175 # nitrogen• 58# N in manure x 75% (available N)

= 43.5• 175 ÷ 43.5 = 4.022• 4.022 x 1000 = 4000 gallons/acre

2nd Budget Example

• Work thru the following example:• Crop rotation: corn following soybeans• Finishing swine manure: 58 – 44 – 40 per

1000/gals of N-P-K• Method of application: Sweep injection• 4,000 gallons of hog manure applied 2 years

ago• 5 gallons 28% in herbicide = 15# nitrogen

Manure Nutrients Short Form

How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre?

A. 3000 gallons / acreB. 1700 gallons / acreC. 2000 gallons / acreD. 3500 gallons / acre

3000 gallons /

acre

1700 gallons /

acre

2000 gallons /

acre

3500 gallons /

acre

25% 25%25%25%

Final Answer

• Corn on Beans• 180# N needed – 40#N from beans = 140#N• 140# N – last years manure 35# N = 105#N

– (4000 gallon x 15% = 35#N)• 105# N – Fertilizer application 15# = 80#N• 80#N / 46.4# N per 1000 gallon

– (58# N/ 1000 gallon x 80%)• = 1700 gallons per acre

3rd Budget Example

• Work thru the following example:• Crop rotation: corn following corn following

average alfalfa• Dairy manure: 10 – 3 - 6 (N-P-K pounds/ton)• Method of application: Broadcast

incorporated within 2 days at 25 tons/acre• Manure applied 2 years ago at 25 tons/acre

use same analysis (10-3-6)

How many ton can be applied per acre?

A. 32.5 ton per acreB. 17 ton per acreC. 19 ton per acreD. 21.5 ton per acre

32.5 ton per a

cre

17 ton per a

cre

19 ton per a

cre

21.5 ton per a

cre

25% 25%25%25%

Final Answer

• Corn on corn with alfalfa 2 years ago – 130#N– (180# - 50#N from alfalfa 2 years ago)

• 130#N – last years manure 62#N = 68#N– (25 ton x 10#N/ton x 15% = 62#N)

• 68#N needed / 4#N ton manure = 17 ton

Not a good day to visit the farm

Phosphorous

• High phosphorous soils - added requirements• Sensitive areas

– > 22 Bray– > 17 Olsen

• Over 300’ from sensitive areas– > 75 Bray– > 60 Olsen

• Interim permit required some cases

Applying Manure in Sensitive Areas

State requirements and recommended practices to protect water quality

Revised May 2005

Resource

Bray P1 (ppm)* < 22 22 – 75 76 – 150 > 150

Olsen (ppm)* < 17 17 – 60 61 – 120 > 120

More than 300 ft from lakes, streams, intermittent streams, protected wetlands, or unbermed drainage ditches

No phosphorus management requirements

No phosphorus management requirements

No phosphorus management requirements unless within 300 ft of tile intakes.

***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au

Less than 300 ft from lakes, streams, intermittent streams, protected wetlands, or unbermed drainage ditches

No phosphorus management requirements

**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P

**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P

***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au

**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P

***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au

Crop Needs

Crop Removal

Example 1

• Soil sample – 72 ppm Bray• 450 AU Cattle site• Intermittent Stream• Average yield 210 bu corn/acre• Manure test – 12-14-10

Phosphorous Concerns?

• Over 300’ from sensitive area– No issue with phosphorus– Nitrogen limits

• Within 300” from sensitive area– Prevent phosphorus buildup– Utilize crop removal figures

Example 2

• Soil sample – 82 ppm Bray• 450 AU Cattle site• Intermittent Stream• Average yield 210 bu corn/acre

How many ton can be applied per acre?

A. Determined by Nitrogen limits

B. 6.2 ton per acreC. 5.1 ton per acreD. 5.7 ton per acre

Determ

ined by Nitr

ogen ...

6.2 ton per a

cre

5.1 ton per a

cre

5.7 ton per a

cre

25% 25%25%25%

Questions?