agroforestry presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Mercado and Sanchez
Community-based agroforestry practices
for watershed management in the
Philippine uplands:Lessons learned from the Landcare
experience
Agustin Mercado, Jr. and Patricia J. Sanchez
World Agroforestry Centre-Philippines
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Outline
Introduction: Upland context
What is the Landcare approach
Elements of Landcare
Landcare impacts Lessons learned from Landcare
experience
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The Philippine Uplands: Forest lands
under siege
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Introduction:
Upland environments
Most complex, diverse and
risk prone agriculturalecosystems
Soil erosion is prevalentresulting to the loss of soil
fertility and crop productivity
50-350 tons of topsoil lostannually per hectare
200-500 kgs annual yield
loss per hectare
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Soil Degradation
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Upper watersheds affectinfrastructures, lives andlivelihoods of people livingdownstream
More than 25 million people
live in the uplands Farmers are generally poor
Rapid population growth push
farmers to cultivate steeperslopes and more fragileecosystems
Low human and social capitalfor natural resourcesmanagement
Extension services are
inadequate and fragmented.
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Where is Landcare
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Landcare now (1996 to the
present) Today:
more than 600 Landcare groups in Visayas andMindanao
More than 10,000 farming families adopted
conservation farming technologies including
agroforestry practices
hundreds of communal and individualhousehold tree nurseries have been established
hundreds of thousands of fruit and timber tree
seedlings were planted
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What is the Landcare Approach?
A community-led initiative for the judicious
utilization of the land and the application ofbasic principles of natural resource
management
Operationally, an extension approach for
the rapid and inexpensive diffusion of
conservation farming, AF, and other NRMpractices among upland farmers
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What is the Landcare Approach?
refers to a group of people who are
concerned about land degradationproblems and interested in working
together
evolved as a community-based approach
designed to effect change in complex and
diverse upland situations
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Elements of Landcare ApproachElements of Landcare Approach
Landcare
approach
Appropriate
Technologies
Institution
Development
PartnershipBuilding
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Core of the Landcare Development Model
Development Principle
Landcare is not placed in a time-bounded vacuum.
held open, infinite and timelessly evolving.
embraces a range of issues in a programmatic
manner and connects the pieces to make a whole.
Management Approach
The Triadic Approach, where key players support
each other, share resources and complement eachother
forming an "Interdependent Relationship"
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Development Tool The main development tool is "Facilitation".
allows a voluntary and motivated participation
does not prescribe nor coerce.
gives an opportunity to engage in a discovery andlearning
Development Strategy IEC is the main development strategy.
development investment is centered on humanknowledge and skills enhancement
approach total human development in an incremental
manner
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Element 1:Appropriate uplandtechnologies
Information, education and communication(IEC)
Farmers cross farm visits Farmer-to-farmer knowledge sharing
Conservation team approach
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What are the Landcare Technologies?
SALT (I to IV)
NVS (Sim p lifie dhedge r ow
c ropp i ng
syste m )
Ridge tillage
Trash building
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The NVS technology
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Trees on farms
M lti t t
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Multistorey systems
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Tree Farms
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Nurseries (fruit and
timber trees)
Dairy and Beef farming Composting
Vegetable crop farming
Other activities
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Backyard gardeningBackyard gardening
Backyard and community beautificationBackyard and community beautification
Solid waste managementSolid waste management
MicroMicro--saving mobilization/microsaving mobilization/micro--lendinglending
Water watchWater watch
River and creek rehabilitationRiver and creek rehabilitation Income generating projectsIncome generating projects
Building meeting housesBuilding meeting houses
Land use planning (farm and communityplanning)Land use planning (farm and community planning)
Working animals, seeds, and plantingWorking animals, seeds, and planting
materials dispersal programmaterials dispersal program
Participatory monitoring andParticipatory monitoring and
evaluationevaluation
Organic farming (composting andOrganic farming (composting and orgaorga--pesticide)pesticide)
Experimentation (FRC)Experimentation (FRC)
Training (Farmers Training Group)Training (Farmers Training Group)PaligsahanPaligsahan (community/group competition)(community/group competition)
Other activities ...
El t 2 C it i tit ti
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Enhancing leadership and
participation in conservation
farming and agroforestrypractices dissemination and
adoption
Landcare groups are organizedat the hamlet level or at sub-
political unit the sitio level or
a community of 20-30households
Each Landcare group had a set
of officers, and self-governinggroup
Element 2: Community institution
building
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federated at barangay
(village or micro-watershed) level,
called "Chapter"
(composing of 8-12
hamlet/sitio level
Landcare groups), chapters were federated
at the municipal (macro-
watershed) level
Organizational structure of Municipal Landcare
(Cl i L d A i ti )
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Barangay
Landcare
Chapter 24
Sitio
Landcare
Chapter 8
Claveria
Landcare
Association
ACTORSACTORS
President, Municipal Landcare Association
Barangay level Presidents (Chapter presidents)
Municipal Mayor
Municipal councill
Municipal Agriculture Officer
Academe and research institution NGOs
ACTORSACTORS Chapter president
Sub-chapter level Presidents
Agriculture technicians
Village councils
Tribal leaders
ACTORSACTORS
Sub-chapter Landcare president
Households
Agriculture technicians
Sitio leaders Tribal groups
(Claveria Landcare Association)
MUNICIPAL LEVELMUNICIPAL LEVEL
Barangay
Landcare
Chapter1
VILLAGE LEVELVILLAGE LEVEL
Sitio
Landcare
Sub-chapter
SUBSUB--VILLAGE LEVELVILLAGE LEVEL
Element 3: Partnership building- the triadic approach:B ildi t k h ld
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Local Government Units
Technical Facilitators (ICRAF,
MAO, SCUs, Line agencies, etc)
Building synergy among stakeholders
Natural resource
management programs
Landcare Groups
Share knowledge, skills, time and
low-cost materials Committed to resource conservation
Share experiences and draws local
support
Adapt and innovate conservation and
AF technologies
Share information on appropriate
technologies
Facilitate group formation and developmen
Provide IEC programs
Provide capacity building programs
Provide network su ort
Provide policy support and appropriate
incentives
Provide financial and material support
Complement technical and facilitation needs
Provide capacity building programs
Support
Feedback
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Claveria LGUs contribution Facilitation
Policies: municipal ordinances
Funds:
Municipal: P 1.2 M (50K/barangay)
P 250K Landcare managementBarangay: 20% of development fund
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Impacts of Landcare
Greatest success is changing attitude of
farmers, policy makers, LGUs, landownerson conservation farming
Emerging as an approach that empowers
local communities and LGUs to
disseminate and implement conservation
farming
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Impacts of Landcare
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Cost of Landcare
Conventional reforestation= P50,000/ha/3yrs
30% success so total cost= P150,000/ha/3yrs
Cost of Landcare variable
P 15,000-20,000 per ha/3 years
P 3 million in 3 years (500 ha site) ACIAR project (3 years)
P5 million for Bohol, Claveria and Lantapan 1 PM, 3 site coordinators and 9 field
facilitators
Lessons Learned in promoting conservation
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Lessons Learned in promoting conservation
farming and agroforestry practices through the
Landcare approach
Stepwise technology dissemination was more
effective, simplifying complex technology
packages
Technologies must: fit to the bio-physical and socio-economic
environments
be simple and triable be profitable and have low risks
have short and long term impacts
be low cost and culturally acceptable
Lessons Learned in promoting conservation
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Farmers should:
be involved in technology generation,
verification or adaptation trials
be involved in technology dissemination androle modeling
Encourage more technical learning sites
and knowledge sharing venues and
opportunities
esso s ea ed p o ot g co se at o
farming and agroforestry practices through the
Landcare approach
Lessons Learned in promoting conservation
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Community institution development should
promote small groups formation, but link to abroader organization base and networks at thebarangay and municipal level enhancing verticaland horizontal information flow and knowledgesharing processes
Partnership, like the triadic approach, must bepromoted where key players support each other,pooling resources together, doingcomplementing, but non-duplicating roles, and
forming an interdependent relationship.
p g
farming and agroforestry practices through the
Landcare approach
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Summary
Appropriate technologies are needed toenhance the productive and environmental
services in a sustainable manner in the uplandareasTechnologies should be simple, affordable and
adaptable to the diverse conditions of resource-poorupland farmers
Landcare can be a rapid and inexpensive wayof extending conservation farming andagroforestry technologies, improving the lives,livelihoods and landscapes in the uplands
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www.worldagroforestry.org
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Any questions?
For more details contact any of the emails
below:[email protected]
[email protected]@cgiar.org
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]