agriculture mapping

8/13/2019 Agriculture Mapping

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Hiroyuki Inahata and Hiroshi Koyama

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation7 December, 2011

Evolution of SAR Satellite forEvolution of SAR Satellite for

Agriculture ApplicationsAgriculture Applications

APRSAFAPRSAF--1818


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Table of Contents

1. Company Profile

2. MELCO Capability in Earth Observation Field

3. SAR Applications for Agriculture

4. SAR Sensor Hardware

5. Conclusions

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JAXATanegashima Space Center

Tanegasima

Head OfficeHead Office

MELCOMELCOss FacilityFacility

Information TechnologyR&D Center

Advanced TechnologyR&D Center

Sagami Plant

under Kamakura Works(Composite Material)

Communication Systems CenterCommunication Systems Center(Ground Segment)(Ground Segment)

Kamakura WorksKamakura Works(Space Segment)(Space Segment)

TokyoTokyo

Sagamihara

Ofu

na

Kam

akura

Kam

akura

Osaka

Osaka

Osaka

JAXA Facility

Satelli te Operation CenterSatellite Operation Center(at Kamakura Works)(at Kamakura Works)

1. Company ProfileSpace Related Facilities in Japan

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Consolidated Net SalesJPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)

Employee114,443

Consolidated Net SalesConsolidated Net SalesJPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)JPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)

EmployeeEmployee114,443114,443


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1. Company ProfileHeritages in Past Space Program

2009

Participated in over 450 satellites worldwideParticipated in over 450 satellites worldwideAs of August. 2011

Over 50 prime

contracts including

- 21 communicationsatellites

- 25 observationsatellites

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4.0 t

3.0 t

2.0 t

1.0 t

0.5t

1990 2000 2010 Weight

ADEOS(1996 ADEOS-II(2002) MTSAT-22006)

ALOS-2(2013)

Under Development

JERS-1(1992) SOLAR-B(2006) GOSAT(2009)

SLATS(2013)

LEOLEO

GEOGEOHimawari-8 2014 Himawari-9 2016

JAXA

JAXAJAXA

JAXA JAXA

JAXA/METI

MELCO has experiences to develop & integrated various kinds of observation satellitessuch as large multi-mission platform(ADEOS1/2), high-resolution imaging satellite

(ALOS-2:Synthetic Aperture RadarALOS-3:Optical).

Multi mission Multi mission

L-band SAR Science Green House Gas

Meteorological

Meteorological

L-band SAR

Optical

Space Environment & Optical

JAXAALOS-3

(under planning)

2. MELCO Capability in Earth Observation FieldMELCO heritages in Earth Observation Satelli te

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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area

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Wider swath

Higher spatial resolution

Higher S/N

Full polarimetry

Longer wave length

Higher time resolution

Quick and wide scan

Orbit repeatability

Followings are SAR application area for agriculture and requiredcharacteristics to extract information used for agriculture.

Required SAR characteristics

Cropping area of rice field

Growth of rice crop

Clustering of crops

Clustering of usage of farmland

Farming area

Growth of forest trees and biomass

Agricultural Applications


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Investigation of cropping area of rice field

Cropping area of rice field can be extracted by monitoring the changeof surface reflectivity

Requirements for SAR sensor- High resolution < 5m- Wide are coverage > 50km- Quick and wide scan

During rice planting season,

there is water in the rice field

During harvest season,

there is no water in the rice field

planting vegetative

Low reflectivity High reflectivity

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(Ishizuka, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010,

http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/jprog_2_3ws_2010mar.htm)

waterwater


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Investigation of growth of rice crop

Growth process of rice crop can be extracted by analyzing MultipleScattering Mechanisms(Single Bounce, Double Bounce).

Requirements for SAR sensor- High resolution < 5m- Wide are coverage > 50km- Quick andwide scan


(1)Beforeplanting

Double bounceLowrandomness

Volume

Highrandomness

GrowthProcessforRiceCrop

Surface

Norandomness

(3)Harvestseason (2)Growingphase

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single bounce double bounce

no bounce


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Clustering of crops

Clustering of crops can be possible by evaluating difference of Polarimetric data.

Requirements for SAR sensor- Full polarimetry HH, HV, VV, VH

- polarization isolation > 30dB- High S/N(Signal to Noise ratio) < -25dB*

- Quick and wide scan

HorizontalVertical

Refection Transparent

HH

HV

VV

VH

Cone

Grass

Potato

Others

Radish

Beet

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(*Noise equivalent sigma-naught)

(Ishizuka, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010,http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/jprog_2_3ws_2010mar.htm)


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Clustering of usage of farmland

Clustering of usage of farmland is possible by evaluating combination of Backscattering and Full Polarimetric data.

Requirements for SAR sensor- L-band- Wide area coverage > 50km- Quick and wide scan

L-band is highly permeable and

reflects from trunk and ground

Agriculture

Forest

Clearcut

Clearcut

Agriculture

Forest

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Arii, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010, http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/alos2_ws2/2-5-7_arii.pdf


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Investigation of farming area

3 dimensional mapping data for base map of farming area can begenerated by using Interferometry Data.

Requirements for SAR sensor- High S/N(Signal to Noise ratio) < -25dB*

- Orbit repeatability < 500m

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(*Noise equivalent sigma-naught)

Okada et.al. Proceedings of IGARSS2009,

terraced farm area


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Investigation of growth of forest trees, biomass

Height of trees and biomass can be extracted by analyzing PolarimetoricInterferometry SAR data.

Requirements for SAR sensor- L-band

- Polarization isolation> 30dB- Quick and wide scan

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TANDEM-L: A MISSION PROPOSAL FOR MONITORING DYNAMIC EARTH PROCESSESProceedings of IGARSS2011, Moreira et. al. 2011,

interferometry using

polarimetiric data such

as HH, VV.


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Flood Monitoring in Myanmar (Typhoon in 2008)

Flood area

(blue)

Flood Detection

3. SAR Application for AgricultureOther Application Field by ALOS PALSAR (L-band)

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Before After

http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/imgdata/practical/natural/flood.html

Detected flooded area


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3. SAR Application for AgricultureOther Application Field by ALOS PALSAR (L-band)

Forest Monitor ingSurface Movement by Earthquake

Surface Movement after the great east

Japan earthquake 2011

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http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/imgdata/practical/natural.htmlhttp://www.iges.or.jp/en/fc/pdf/20080324reed/10.Isoguchi.pdf

Oil spill by the accident of tanker in Korea 2011

Oil Spill Monitor ing


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ALOS-2(Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2) is a successorof earth observation satellite Daichi (ALOS).

ALOS-2 has L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system,based onActive Phased Array Antenna (APAA) technology.

4. SAR Sensor HardwareOverview of ALOS-2 SAR Sensor

L-band SAR Antenna Direct Transmission Antenna

Data Relay Satellite

Communication Antenna

JAXA

Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.

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ALOS-2 has improved performance compared with PALSAR of ALOS.

4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Sensor Characteristics

Item Specification

Resolution

Basic Observation Mode 3m

Wide Area Observation Mode 100mHigh Resolution Mode 1-3m

SwathBasic Observation Mode 50kmWide Area Observation Mode 350kmHigh Resolution Mode 25km

Frequency L-band(1.2GHz)

Data Amount 240M-1Gbps(after compression)

observation duty average observation duty: >30%Pointing right-and-left looking

Polarization Single / Dual / Quad(Full) polarimetry

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4. SAR Sensor HardwareOverview of ALOS-2 SAR Sensor

Wider swath

Higher spatial resolution

Full polarimetry

Longer wave length

Higher polarization isolation Higher S/N ratio

Quick Scan

Orbit Repeatability

ALOS-2 has following capability that is enough for agricultural monitoring.Requirements ALOS-2 Performance

> 50km

< 5m

HH,VV, HV, VH

L-band

>30dB< -25dB

Phased Array

< 500m

> 50km Basic Obs. Mode

> 350/490km Wide Area Obs. Mode

> 25km High Res. Mode

< 3m Basic Obs. Mode

< 100m Wide Area Obs. Mode

< 1-3m High Res. Mode

HH,VV, HV, VH

L-band

>30dB< -25dB

Phased Array

< 500m

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4. SAR Sensor HardwareConfiguration of ALOS-2 SAR System

DP

SC

RX

EX

IF-UNIT

TX

SC

TX

RX

EX

FoldedFolded

configurationconfiguration

DeployedDeployed


Electric Unit ELU)SAR Antenna SAR-ANT)

ALOS-2 capability is achieved by following SAR system. ELU controls all SAR signal generations and beam management.

Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),

2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.

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Item Performance

Antenna type Active Phased Array Antenna

Aperture size 2.9m(EL) x 9.9m(AZ)Beam steering angle AZ 3.5deg EL 30degPolarization TX H,V,45deg,Circular

RX H,V,HV dual

FoldedFolded


DeployedDeployedconfigurationconfiguration

4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Antenna Performance



ELEL::30deg30deg

AZAZ ::3.5deg3.5deg

ALOS-2 SAR Antenna has following performance.

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4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Antenna Configuration

ALOS-2 SAR antenna is consists from Radiating Elements and

RF Modules .

As Radiating Elements , sub-array antenna is adopted.

For RF Modules , GaN device is partly used for the high power amplifier.

Sub-array antenna : AELTRadiatingElements

AELT



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MELCO has been involved in the government observation satelliteprograms for over 30 years as system prime contractor and has manyheritage of LEO observation platform and components.

MELCO is now developing ALOS-2 to be launched in 2013.

ALOS-2 has state-of-the-art L-band SAR sensor that has high resolution,polarimetry(HH/VV/HV/VH) and PAA capability. ALOS-2 can contribute to

various applications for agricultural monitoring.

MELCO would like to contribute to SAR applications for various fieldsand is ready to make detailed discussions for future cooperation andcontributions.

5. Conclusions

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agriculture mapping

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