agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector

CLIMATE CHANGE MAINSTREAMING GUIDELINES

AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES SECTOR

ContentsFOREWORD.........................................................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT....................................................................................................................iii

1.0WAJIRCOUNTYBACKGROUNDINFORMATION...........................................................4

1.1LocationandAdministrativeUnits....................................................................................4

1.2ClimateandTopography........................................................................................................5

1.3HydrologyandDrainage........................................................................................................5

1.4Population....................................................................................................................................5

1.5EconomicActivities/Livelihood..........................................................................................5

1.6ForestCoverandwildlife.......................................................................................................6

1.7WaterandSanitationsituation............................................................................................6

1.8WasteManagement..................................................................................................................7

1.9Energysituation.........................................................................................................................7

2.0MAINTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTORIN

WAJIRCOUNTY..................................................................................................................................7

2.1Introduction.................................................................................................................................7

2.2RationaleforClimateChangeMainstreamingintheAgricultureSector.........8

3.0RISKSANDIMPACTSOFCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTOR

....................................................................................................................................................................9

3.1CropProductionSub-Sector.................................................................................................9

3.2LivestockSub-Sector................................................................................................................9

4.0STRATEGIESANDGUIDELINESFORMAINSTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEIN

THEAGRICULTURESECTORINWAJIRCOUNTY..............................................................10

FOREWORDGreenAfricaFoundationwasfoundedinKenyaintheyear 2000 with a focus of implementing practicalcommunity drivenprojects towards greeningAfrica.The organization has actively been implementing anumberofprojects covering:ClimateChange,PolicyAdvocacy, Environmental Conservation, Agriculture,Water and Energy. The organization has been veryinstrumentalinpolicyadvocacythathasseenthrougha number of policies coming to fruition both at thecounty and the national level and with agenda ofmainstreaming climate change at the county level

takingprecedence.

TheprojectthatenabledtheformulationoftheseguidelineswasaDFIDStARCK+Extension Programme, funded through theAct Change Transform (Act! - NRMcomponent)andimplementedbyGreenAfricaFoundation.Theproject'soverallgoal was to consolidate prior efforts towards completion of climate changelegislation and cross sectoral coordination for enhanced climate changemainstreaming.Theobjectivewastosupportselectedcounties,namelyGarissa,Marsabit andWajir tomove forwardwith completion of their climate changelegislations and also develop the sectoral climate change mainstreamingguidelinesforprioritysectorswithaviewtohelpgiveinputtothereviewprocessofCounty Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) 2018-2022. This objective wasachieved throughaprogrammaticapproachand inpartnershipbetweenGreenAfricaFoundationandthecountygovernmentsofGarissa,MarsabitandWajir,aswellasotherstakeholders includingnationalgovernmentagencies, theprivatesectorandCivilSocietyOrganizations.

These guidelines are intended to assist theCountyGovernment ofMarsabit toattain climate change mainstreaming in the water and sanitation sector byprovidingaframeworkforintegratingclimatechangeresponsesforthesectorintocounty planning processes, especially the 2018- 2022 CIDP, as well as otherprocessessuchasperformancecontractingandbudgetmaking.

ISAAC P. KALUA PhD, CBS | CHAIRPERSONGREEN AFRICA FOUNDATION

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTHon.CECAgriculture,LivestockandFisheriesWajirCountyGovernment

WajirCountyGovernmentwishestothanktheUKDepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)forthefinancialsupporttowardsimplementingthisprojecttogetherwiththeActChangeTransform(ACT!)throughtheENRMcomponentwhocloselysupervisedandguidedtheimplementationprocess.

Further gratitude to the County Government of Wajir where this project wasimplemented through the County departments of: Environment & NaturalResources,Agriculture&Livestock,Water,Energy,DisasterResponseUnit,Health,OfficeoftheCountySecretary,CountyAssemblyrelevantcommitteesandallotherdepartmentsinvolved.

To the Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Wildlife Service, Kenya Forest ResearchInstitute, WARMA, local Community Based Organizations, Non-governmentalOrganizations and Private Sectors who sent representatives who contributedimmensely to this process, we highly and sincerely appreciate your valuablecontribution.Mr.JimaleMohamed&AdanMohamedofALDEFWajirbranch,mayGodblessyouandrewardyoureffortsandcommitmentstowardsensuringthisprocesswasasuccess.

WethankthefollowingGreenAfricaFoundationTeamfortheircontinuoussupportandinputtotheprocess;Mr.MiltonOgada,Mr.JohnKioli,Ms.GladysNjeri,Ms.MonikaMasinziandMr.AlexanderMatuku.Theirdedicationandpositivespiritmadethisworkpossible.

Finally,weareverygratefultoMr.GerphasOpondowhowastheleadconsultantinthisprojectandwasinstrumentalindraftingthedocument.Mr.FredrickOnyangowhoprovidedresearchsupportservicesaswellas layoutanddesigningof thisdocumentcannotbeleftunappreciated.

DISCLAIMERMuchattentionhasbeentakenintheproductionofthisAgricultureSectorClimateChangeMainstreamingGuidelinesDocument, however it is providedasgeneral informationonlyand specificadvice shouldbesoughtonanyparticularsituation.GreenAfricaFoundation,DFID,ACT!Andallotherinstitutionsmentionedheredisclaimsall liability,whether fornegligenceorotherwise, forany loss,expense,damageor injurycausedbyanyorrelianceonthisinformation.

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Copyright©2018WajirCountyGovernment

This project was supported by Department for International Development (DFID) -UKAID through Act Change Transform (ACT!) and implemented by Green AfricaFoundationinpartnershipwiththelocalstakeholderandtheWajirCountyGovernment.

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1.1 LocationandAdministrativeUnitsWajir County is located in the North Eastern region of the Republic of Kenyabetweenlatitudes1°N60'Nand0°20'Nandlongitudes39°Eand41°Eandcoversanareaof56,685.9Km². ItbordersSomalia to theEast,Ethiopia to theNorth,Mandera County to the North East, Isiolo County to the SouthWest,MarsabitCountytotheWestandGarissaCountytotheSouth.Thecountycomprisesofsixsub-countiesnamely:WajirEast,WajirWest,WajirNorth,WajirSouth,EldasandTarbaj.Itisfurthersub-divideddividedinto8districts,29divisions,30wards,142locationsand172sub-locations.

1.0WAJIRCOUNTYBACKGROUNDINFORMATION

MapofWajirCounty

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1.2ClimateandTopographyWajirCountyhasanannualaveragerelativehumidityof61.8%rangingfrom56%in February to 68% in June. The average annual precipitation received in thecounty is 240mm.The annual average temperature is 27.9 °Cwithmaximumtemperaturesrangingbetween31°C in Julyand36°C inMarchwhileminimumtemperaturesrangebetween21°CinJulyand24°CinApril.WajirCountyispredominantlyplainandliesbetween150metresand460metresabovesealevelandrisesgentlyfromthesouthandeasttowardsthenorthrisingto200metres at Buna and 460metres at Bute and Gurar at the foothills of theEthiopianhighlands.

1.3HydrologyandDrainageWajirCountyhasoneseasonalriverandlakenamelyEwasoNyiroRiverandLakeYahud respectively. The county isprone to seasonal floodingduring the rainyseason.Thecounty'sseasonalswampsanddrainagelinesserveasgrazingzonesduring the dry season aswell as for cultivation during the rainy seasons. TheswampsareinLagbogholareaandinthewesternandsouthernpartofHabasweinarea.ThecountyisgenerallycoveredwithyoungsedimentaryrockswithloamysoilsinthenorthborderingtheEthiopianhighlands.

1.4PopulationAccordingtotheKenya2009PopulationandHousingCensus,WajirCountywasprojectedtohaveatotalpopulationof852,963in2017.Themalescomprise55percentofthepopulationwhereasfemalepopulationaccountfor45percent.84.2percentofthepopulationisbelow29years.Thecountyhasaninter-censualgrowthrateof3.22percentwithanaveragepopulationdensityof13personspersquarekilometre.Thecounty'spopulationismainlyruralwithonly13.8percentofthetotalpopulationlivinginurbanareas.TheWajirCountypopulationisdominantlycomprisedoftheSomalipeoplewhoidentifythemselvesthroughtheclans.Themainclansinclude:Degodia,Ajuran,andOgaden.Mostoftheurbansettlementsarefoundinthecounty,sub-countyandwardheadquarterswhichalsoserveasmarketcenters.Ontheotherhand,theruralpopulationofwhommajorityarepastoralistsarefoundinthegrazingreservesandwateringpointswhichmaysometimesdoubleasadministrativelocationsandsub-locations. The settlements are modeled around clans, water and pastoralresources.

1.5EconomicActivities/LivelihoodMajorityofthepopulationinWajirCountydependonlivestockfortheirlivelihood.Themain form of land use is nomadic pastoralismwhich is seen as themostefficientmethodofexploitingtherangelands.Othereconomicactivitiespracticed

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in the county includesmall scale crop farming,miningand trading.Farming ispracticedindepressionsandalongdrainagelineswherethereismoremoisturedue to seasonal flooding, as well as around shallow wells, water pans andboreholes. Due to the aridity of the county, crop production is limited andcontributeslittletofoodsecurity.Mostinhabitantsofthecountyrelyonlivestockproductslikemilkandmeatastheirstaplefood.Themaincropsproducedincludesorghum, drought resistant maize, beans, melons, cowpeas, green grams andhorticulturalcrops likekales, spinach, tomatoes, sweetandhotpeppers.Theseactivities aremostlyundertaken in small scale for subsistencebut commercialfarmingisbeginningtotakerootinthecounty.1.6ForestCoverandWildlifeWajir County has no gazetted forest but has 1.99 per centwoodland cover ofKenya's6.99forestcover.However,mostoftheforestcoveriscomprisedofwoodytreesandshrubsusedforgrazingbydomesticanimalsandwildlife.Thedominantspeciesisacaciacommiphorawoodlands/treeswhichproducesgumsandresinsthatareonlysecondtolivestockintermsofsupportingeconomiclivelihoodsinthecounty.Themainforestproductsincludegumandresin,charcoal,firewood,posts,barks,honey,woodcarvingsandwildfruits.Gumsandresinsareproductsthathave high value in the international markets. It is used in many applicationsincludingcosmeticsandpharmaceuticals,paints,confectionariesandsoftdrinkindustries,manufactureofacaricidesandpesticides,amongothers.In terms of wildlife,Wajir County is endowedwith various game species likeostrich,hyenas,gazelles,lions,zebras,giraffes,warthogs,snakesandbirds.

1.7WaterandSanitationsituationThe main sources of water in the county include underground water fromboreholesandshallowwells,pansanddamsaswellastheseasonalEwasoNyiroRiver. LakeYahud,whichisanundergroundandpermanentlake,situatedontheperipheryofWajirtownprovideswaterforwildlifeandquarryactivitiesalthoughthewaterissalineandnotsafeforhumanconsumption.Onlyabout2percentofthecounty'shouseholdshaveaccesstopipedwaterwithmanyresidentsdependingonwaterfromwaterkiosks.Withregardstosanitation,morethan60percentofthepopulationinWajirCountyrelievethemselvesinthebushoropenfield.IntheurbancentressuchasWajirTown,onlyafewhomesteadsandinstitutionsinthecountyareconnectedtoseptictanksforsewerdisposal.thebucketsystemisusedforcollectionofhumanwastethat is then collected by 'night soil men' for disposal by way of undergroundburying. This predisposes the population to disease outbreaks and thecontamination of water sourceswith faecal coliforms. According to the KenyaMinistryofHealth,WajirCounty losesKES. 854million eachyeardue topoor

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sanitation. This includes losses due to medical access time, premature death,healthcarecostsandproductivity.

1.8WasteManagementOnly1.2percentofgarbagegeneratediscollectedbythelocalauthoritywhile0.6percentisdisposedinagarbagepit,8.3percentinpublicgarbageheapand89.9percentisburned.Atleast13.6percentofthehouseholdshavenoplaceforhumanwastedisposalwithlatrineaccountingfor46percent.

1.9EnergysituationTreesprovidethemajorfuelforhouseholds,intermsoffirewoodandcharcoal,whichaccountsfor96.5percentfordomesticuseaswellasforuseininstitutionsandhotels.Forlighting,majorityofthehouseholdsdependonsolarlanternsandsolartorches.

2.0MAINTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTORINWAJIRCOUNTY

2.1IntroductionLikeothercountiesinKenya,WajirCounty'seconomyishighlydependentonthenatural resource base, and thus is highly vulnerable to climate variability andchange.Risingtemperaturesandchangingrainfallpatterns,resultinginincreasedfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchasdroughtsandflooding,threatenthesustainabilityofthecounty'sdevelopment.Key economic sectors in Wajir County are particularly susceptible to climatechange impacts and this threatens to undermine the county's recent andimpressivedevelopmentgains.Itisthereforeimportantthatthecountybuildsandenhancesitsclimateresilienceandadaptivecapacity.BuildingclimateresiliencerequiresthatWajirCounty'ssystemsofgovernance,ecosystemsandsocietyhavecapabilitytomaintaincompetentfunctioninthefaceofclimatechange.Adaptivecapacityiskeytoimprovingsocio-economiccharacteristicsofcommunitiesandhouseholdsasitincludesadjustmentsinbehaviour,resourcesandtechnologies,andisanecessaryconditionfordesignandimplementationofeffectiveadaptationstrategies.Climatechangemainstreaminginthevarioussectorsisnecessarytoequipvariouscoordinatingdepartmentsinthecountygovernmentwiththetoolstoeffectivelyrespond to the complex challenges of climate change. In this context,mainstreaming implies the integration of climate change policy responses andactionsintocountysectoralplanningandmanagementprocesses.Thisintegrationoperatesbyprovidinganoverarchingguidancesystemthatrequiresallsectorsofthegovernmenttoimplementclimatechangeresponsesintheircorefunctions.

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Mainstreaming is a process that encourages cooperation across governmentdepartmentsinplanningforalonger-termperiodratherthanfragmented,short-term and reactive planning. County governments are required by the CountyGovernmentsAct,2012toprepareandimplementCountyIntegratedDevelopmentPlans(CIDPs).TheCIDPprovidesanappropriatechannelthroughwhichclimatechangeactionscanbemainstreamedintocountysectoraldevelopmentplans.TheseguidelinesareintendedtoassisttheCountyGovernmentofWajirtoattainclimatechangemainstreamingintheagriculturesectorbyprovidingaframeworkfor integrating climate change responses for the agriculture sector into countyplanning processes, especially the CIDP, as well as other processes such asperformancecontracting,andthebudgetmakingprocess.

2.2RationaleforClimateChangeMainstreamingintheAgricultureSectorThe agriculture sector, including crops, livestock and fisheries, is a priority inKenya's Vision 2030 because it plays a critical role in improving livelihoods,enhancingfoodsecurityandincreasingGDPandemployment.Vision2030aimstoachieveaninnovative,commerciallyoriented,modernagriculturalsectorthroughinstitutionalreforms,increasedproductivity,land-usetransformation,increasedaccesstomarketsanddevelopmentofaridandsemi-aridlands(ASALs).

Kenya'sAgriculturalSectorDevelopmentStrategy2010-2020setsoutadetailedplan toposition theagricultural sectoras akeydriver fordelivering the10%annualeconomicgrowthrateenvisagedundertheeconomicpillarofVision2030.The vision of the document is “a food secure and prosperous nation” and thestrategyaimstoincreaseproductivity,commercializationandcompetitivenessofagriculturalcommoditiesandenterprises;anddevelopandmanagekeyfactorsofproduction.Alsoimportantisthegovernment'sgoalof10%farmforestcoveronallagriculturallandholding.

Theagriculturesector,includingcropproductionandlivestockkeepingisoneoftheeconomicsectorsinWajirCountythatismostvulnerabletoclimatechange.Over80percentof thepopulationaredependentonrain-fedsubsistencecropproductionandpastoralism,andarethereforesignificantlyimpactedbydecliningproduction due to unpredictable rainfall, reduced soil productivity througherosion and increased evapotranspiration. Enhance resilience and adaptivecapacityof farmers,pastoralistsandagro-pastoraliststothe impactsofclimatechangeisthereforeanecessarypriorityforthecounty.

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3.1CropProductionSub-SectorThe major climate change-related challenges in the crops sub-sector includechanges in enterprise suitability for specific areas, leading to decrease inprofitability;unpredictabletimingoffarmingoperationsduetoseasonalweathervariabilityandreliability,leadingtolowerproductionefficiency;lossesduetoyieldreductions, total crop failures, enhanced postharvest losses and increasedproduction costs arising from extreme weather events or reduced landproductivity.

Climatechangehasledtomorefrequentandintenseextremeweathereventssuchasdrought,floods,strongwinds,hailstorms,andfrosts.Droughtsleadtolossofinvestments incropproductiondue toreducedyieldsor totalcrop failureasaresultofwaterstress,pestsanddiseasesaffectingirrigatedcropsastheyaretheonly green plants during drought. Floods lead to anaerobic soil conditions,hinderingtheabilityoftherootstoaerobicallyrespireandabstractnutrientsfromthesoil.Thisresultsinplantstressesthatreducesyieldsorcausestotalcropfailure.Hightemperaturescausewitheringofthecropsreducing/noyields,Strongwindsleadtobreakage,loggingorphysicalinjuryofthecrop,theyerodetopsoilreducingsoil fertility, accelerated evapotranspiration that lead to crop stress and yieldreduction.Hailstormscausephysicalcropdamage,reducingthephotosyntheticleaf area andpredisposing theplant to disease infections.Drought, floods andstrongwindsalsoleadtothedestructionofinfrastructuresuchasthesiltingofdams,cloggingandbreakingofirrigationanddrainageinfrastructure;destructionof farmbuildingsandroads;drying,storageandmarketingfacilities,aswellasagro-basedindustries.Wetconditionsduringharvestofcerealsleadtoenhancedpostharvest losses due to rotting and aflatoxin contamination. Strong winds,landslidesandduststormsalsocontributetothereductionofsoilfertilitythrougherosionandtranslocationofthefertiletopsoils.

3.2LivestockSub-SectorLivestockkeepingisthemaineconomicactivityinWajirCounty.Climatechangeishavingsubstantialeffectsonecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesuponwhichthelivestock sub-sector depends. Climate change has led to declining livestockproduction due to direct and indirect impacts to both livestock and theirproduction systems. In grazing systems, the direct impacts include increasedfrequency of extreme weather events; increased frequency and magnitude ofdroughtsandfloods;productivitylossesduetophysiologicalstressoccasionedbytemperatureincrease;andchangeinwateravailability.Theindirectimpactsstemfromagro-ecologicalchangesandecosystemshiftsthatleadtoalterationinfodder

3.0RISKSANDIMPACTSOFCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTOR

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qualityandquantity;changeinhost-pathogeninteractionresultinginincreasedincidencesofemergingdiseases;anddiseaseepidemics.Innon-grazingsystems,thedirectimpactsincludechangeinwateravailabilityandincreasedfrequencyofextremeweather eventswhile the indirect impacts include increased resourceprices(e.g.feed,waterandenergy),diseaseepidemicsandincreasedcostofanimalhousing(e.g.coolingsystems).

Extremeweatherevents,especiallydroughtsandfloodsleadtoreducedpastureand forage availability, degradation of the environment and an increase indestitution.Strongwindsandduststormsalsocontributetothereductionofforageavailabilityastheyerodetopsoil,thusmakinggrassregenerationdifficultevenwhenitrains.Recurringdroughtshavecausedheavylossestolivestock,forcinganestimated 30% of livestock owners out of pastoralism in the past 20 years.AccordingtotheWorldBank,estimatedlivestockmortalityasaresultofdroughtisabout10–15%abovenormalintheaffectedareas,whichisequivalentto5%ofKenya'slivestockpopulation.Between2008and2011,droughtcausedlossesinlivestockthatamountedtoaboutKSh.700billion.Extendedperiodsofdroughterodelivelihoodopportunitiesandcommunityresilienceandleadstoundesirablecopingstrategiesthatdamagetheenvironmentandimpairhouseholdnutritionalstatus,furtherundermininglong-termfoodsecurity.

STRATEGICISSUE1:VULNERABILITIESDUETOCHANGESINTEMPERATUREREGIMESANDPRECIPITATIONPATTERNS

StrategicGoal:Enhancedadaptivecapacityandresilienceoffarmersandpastoraliststotheadverseimpactsofclimatechange

StrategicObjective:Institutemeasurestoreducethevulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststochangingtemperatureregimesandprecipitationpatterns

MainstreamingStrategiesandGuidelines Timeline Responsible

TheCountyGovernmentwillinvestinsystemsforprovisionof accurate, timely and reliableclimate/weather information to informdecisionsofactorsincropsandlivestockvaluechains. This will involve collaboration withnational government agencies such as theKenya Meteorological Department andNational Droughtmanagement Authority fort h e e s t a b l i s hmen t , imp rovemen t ,

By2020I DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

4.0STRATEGIESANDGUIDELINESFORMAINSTREAMINGCLIMATECHANGEINTHEAGRICULTURESECTORINWAJIRCOUNTY

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modernization and maintenance of weatherinfrastructure; integration of scientific andindigenousknowledgeandtechnicalskillsandcapacity building on weather data analysis,packaging,dissemination through local radiostations, public forums, mosques and otherchannels, and use of early warning weatherinformation.

The County Government will promote andfacilitate the adoption of crop varieties,livestockbreedsandagro-forestrytreespeciesthatareadaptedtovariedweatherconditionsandtoleranttoassociatedemergingpestsanddiseases. This will involve breeding andpromotingtheuseofcropandforagevarieties,livestockbreedsandagro-forestrytreespeciesthat are tolerant to flooding,drought, strongwinds, hailstorms, heat waves, frost and emergingpestsanddiseases.

ContinuousII DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

The County Government will invest in thedevelopment of appropriate low-costtechnology, taking into account indigenousknowledge along crops, livestock and agro-forestry value chains. This will entailparticipatoryresearchthatincludescropsandforage varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestrytreespeciesthatareabletowithstandweathervariations;facilitatingtheadoptionofcrop varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestry tree species; providing efficientextension and advisory services, andimprovingthecapacityofcommunitiestouseneworexistingtechnologies.

ContinuousIII DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

The County Government will promotediversification of enterprises and alternativelivelihoods.Thiswillincludeincorporationofintegratedfarming,pastoralandagro-pastoralproductionsystemsbasedonagro-ecologicalzones and priorities, agro-forestry and non-agricultural enterprises suchasbeekeeping,aquaculture, cottage industries for gum andresin, tree nurseries and demonstrationcentres.

ContinuousIV DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade,Industry

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The County Government will invest inenhancementofproductivityandprofitabilityof agricultural enterprises. This will entailpromotion of use of improved technologiessuch as water harvesting/conservationstructures, use of manure, conservationagriculture, integratedpestmanagementandpost-harvest approaches such as improvedstorage and investments in distributionnetworks for agricultural and livestockproducts,valueadditionandmarketaccess.

ContinuousV DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade,Industry

STRATEGICISSUE2:VULNERABILITIESDUETOEXTREMEWEATHEREVENTS

StrategicGoal:Reducedvulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststoextremeweatherevents.

StrategicObjective:Institutemeasurestoreducethevulnerabilitiesoffarmersandpastoraliststoextremeweatherevents


The County Government will develop andimplement systems for early warning andresponse, and ensure preparedness forextreme weather events. This will involvecollaboration with the relevant NationalGovernment agencies in developing effectiveearly warning systems, producing anddisseminating of downscaled weatherinformation on extreme weather eventsthrough local radio stations, public forums,mosques and other channels, and thepreparation of contingency plans to enddroughtandfloodemergencies.

ContinuousI DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,DisasterRiskReduction

The County Government will invest in thedevelopmentanduseindex-basedmulti-perilagricultural insurance. This will involvecollaboration with private insurancecompanies in the identif ication anddevelopmentofdiverseagriculturalinsuranceproducts,capacityenhancementamongactorstosupportinsuranceproductavailability,andthe sensitization of product users along thevaluechainstotakeupagriculturalinsuranceasameansofrisktransfer.

By2020II DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Trade

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STRATEGICISSUE3:VULNERABILITIESDUETOUNSUSTAINABLENATURALRESOURCEMANAGEMENT

StrategicGoal:Enhancedresilienceofagriculturesystemstoclimatechangeimpactsthroughsustainablenaturalresourcemanagement

StrategicObjective:Mainstreamsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementintoproductionsystemstoenhanceresilienceofthefarmers,pastoralistsandfisher-folk


The County Government will establishbaselines and undertake inventory of theexisting natural resources. This will entailreviewing and collating information onexisting natural resources and theirdistribution; undertaking inventory andmappingofnaturalresources;anddevelopingand maintenance of database for naturalresourcesatCountyandSub-Countylevels.

By2019I DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water

The County Government will promotesustainable management and utilization ofnatural resources. This will involve thedevelopment of a framework for sustainablenatural resourcemanagement. This includesintegratedsoilhealthmanagementtoincludesoiltestingandnutrientmanagement,soilandwaterconservation,conservationagriculture;restorationofdegradedsoilsandconservationof soil biodiversity; protection of riparianreserves,wildlifecorridorsandstockroutes;and management of invasive species incropping and grazing systems (e.g. ProsopisJuliflora).

ContinuousII DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water

TheCountyGovernmentwillinvestinclimatesmartwaterharvestingandstorage,irrigationinfrastructure development and efficientwater use. This will entail incorporation ofcomponents that enhance resilience such asdrip irrigation of crops, non-water intensiveaquaculture,non-wastefullivestockwatering,agroforestry for soil water conservation,developmentofwaterharvestingandstoragestructures, development of appropriateirrigation infrastructure and technologiesincludinguseofcleanenergysuchaswindand

III DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water

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solar for pumping irrigation water; andpromotion of effective and efficientagriculturalwateruse,includingwastewatermanagement.

The County Government will promote andsupport conservation and propagation ofgermplasmofspecieswithadaptivecapacity.Thiswill involve theestablishmentof in-situand ex-situ genetic resources conservationareas/centres,theidentificationofspeciesoflivestock,cropandagro-forestrytreespeciesthat are adaptive and tolerant to adverseweather conditions, breeding, multiplicationandfieldtrialsanddemonstrations.

IV DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock

The County Government will invest in thedevelopment of appropriate low-costtechnology, taking into account indigenousknowledge along crops, livestock and agro-forestry value chains. This will entailparticipatoryresearchthatincludescropsandforage varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestrytreespeciesthatareabletowithstandweathervariations;facilitatingtheadoptionofcrop varieties, livestock breeds and agro-forestry tree species; providing efficientextension and advisory services, andimprovingthecapacityofcommunitiestouseneworexistingtechnologies.

V DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture

The County Government will establish andimplementmechanisms forresolvingnaturalresource use conflicts. This will entail thedevelopmentofmechanismsforidentificationofpotentialnaturalresourceconflicthotspots;the profiling of the natural resource conflicthotspots;andthedevelopmentofmechanismsfor conflict resolution, taking into accounttraditionalconflictresolutionmechanisms.

VI DepartmentsofEnvironment,Agriculture,Livestock,Forest,Wildlife,Water

agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector

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