11

22

Seminar on

By

HEMANTH KUMAR NB

AEK 708

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ContentsContents

IntroductionIntroduction Agriculture economy of JapanAgriculture economy of Japan Agriculture in JapanAgriculture in Japan Crops in JapanCrops in Japan Rice farming in JapanRice farming in Japan Live stocks in JapanLive stocks in Japan Conclusion Conclusion

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IntroductionIntroduction JapanJapan is a is a chain of chain of islandsislands in the Pacific in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean.

PopulationPopulation: 125 million : 125 million

Geographic sizeGeographic size: : 145,840 sq.miles145,840 sq.miles

CapitalCapital: Tokyo: Tokyo

55

Climate:Climate:

Japanese summers are hot and humid.Japanese summers are hot and humid.

Japanese winters are mild. Japanese winters are mild.

The rainy season is June and July, and typhoon The rainy season is June and July, and typhoon

season is in Septemberseason is in September

66

EconomyEconomy

Japan is a major economic power, it has the Japan is a major economic power, it has the world’s world’s

second-largest economysecond-largest economy by nominal GDP,by nominal GDP,

third largest in purchasing power paritythird largest in purchasing power parity,,

fourth largest exporterfourth largest exporter andand

fifth largest importerfifth largest importer

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Agriculture economy of JapanAgriculture economy of Japan

(1000 ha)(1000 ha) Proportion(%)Proportion(%)

Total areaTotal area 37,79037,790 100100

Agricultural areaAgricultural area 5,1645,164 13.713.7

Arable landArable land 4,3974,397 11.611.6

Permanent cropsPermanent crops 339339 0.80.8

Permanent pasturePermanent pasture 428428 1.11.1

Billion rupee Billion rupee (%)(%)

GDPGDP 2,44,8762,44,876

agricultureagriculture 16971697 1.61.6(DATA SOURCE MAFF)

(DATA SOURCE: FAOSTAT)

88

Agriculture in JapanAgriculture in Japan

Arable land :11%(4,397 thousand ha)Arable land :11%(4,397 thousand ha)

Two main type of agricultural fields:Two main type of agricultural fields:

-irrigated rice fields --irrigated rice fields -TamboTambo or or suidensuiden

-non irrigated vegetable fields--non irrigated vegetable fields-HatakeHatake

99

conti,,conti,,

After world war ll -land took by powerful After world war ll -land took by powerful landownerslandowners and distribute it to and distribute it to ordinary farmersordinary farmers..

Waste fishesWaste fishes traditionally used to fertilize rice traditionally used to fertilize rice fields fields

Improved fertilizer and mechanization Improved fertilizer and mechanization tripled tripled Japan's rice productionJapan's rice production (1947 -1967) (1947 -1967)

1010

conti,,conti,,

Food items that Japanese produces in Food items that Japanese produces in sufficient quantities aresufficient quantities are

- - rice, eggs, onionsrice, eggs, onions and and cucumberscucumbers..

Self-sufficiency ration dropped from Self-sufficiency ration dropped from

78% in 1961 to 78% in 1961 to

39% in 200639% in 2006

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Problems faced by farmers in JapanProblems faced by farmers in Japan

A old farmer told to new York times IN 1990s,A old farmer told to new York times IN 1990s,

““Japanese agriculture has no money,Japanese agriculture has no money,

no youth, no futureno youth, no future.”.”

1212

conti,,conti,,

Limits on productionLimits on production

High cost of mechanized farmingHigh cost of mechanized farming

Farmers face Farmers face droughtdrought and and typhoons typhoons in summer in summer

Damage by Damage by birds(40%)birds(40%) and and mammals(60%)mammals(60%)

In late 2000s shortage of pollinating bees In late 2000s shortage of pollinating bees caused caused

nets protect fields from birds

1313

Small Farms in JapanSmall Farms in Japan

Most forms in Japan are small and family owned Most forms in Japan are small and family owned operated by each familyoperated by each family

Average size of a farm -Average size of a farm -1.6 ha1.6 ha (4 acred) (4 acred)

Small farms are much Small farms are much less efficientless efficient than large ones than large ones

1414

Conti,,Conti,,

Japanese farms are Japanese farms are broken upbroken up and and divideddivided by by

terracesterraces, , ditchesditches and and embankmentsembankments..

Agriculture has become Agriculture has become urbanizedurbanized in Japan in Japan

1515

Eco-Farms in JapanEco-Farms in Japan

At Japanese eco-farms fruit At Japanese eco-farms fruit trees - trees - produce fruitproduce fruit and serve as and serve as wind breakswind breaks

Agricultural areas are filled with ponds Agricultural areas are filled with ponds

Use of the Use of the Tadpole ShrimpTadpole Shrimp (Triops SPP.) As a Biological (Triops SPP.) As a Biological Agent to Control Paddy Weeds Agent to Control Paddy Weeds

1616

High-Tech Agriculture in JapanHigh-Tech Agriculture in Japan

They are ahead in They are ahead in biotechnologybiotechnology, they grow , they grow their rice with amazing variety their rice with amazing variety

Tomato plant that bears 10,000 tomatoes withTomato plant that bears 10,000 tomatoes with rotating-lens system rotating-lens system

One tomato plant at the Tsukuba Science ExpoOne tomato plant at the Tsukuba Science Expo in Japan produced ‘in Japan produced ‘

--16,897 individual tomatoes16,897 individual tomatoes. .

1717

Conti,,Conti,,

The modernization of rice paddy agriculture The modernization of rice paddy agriculture includesincludes - consolidating small fields into large ones - consolidating small fields into large ones

- replacing open canals with underground - replacing open canals with underground drainage pipes drainage pipes Japan has been producing theJapan has been producing the squar watermelonssquar watermelons since the 1980s since the 1980s

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Agriculture robotAgriculture robot

Agriculture robot by Shigeki Toyama

agriculture robot from Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology

1919

Vegetable Factories in JapanVegetable Factories in Japan

2020

Vegetable Factories in JapanVegetable Factories in Japan

in 2005, there were in 2005, there were

-16 -16 artificial light-only facilities-730artificial light-only facilities-730 tons of tons of vegetables on 10,978 m2 vegetables on 10,978 m2

- - natural-and-artificial-light facilitiesnatural-and-artificial-light facilities, -900 tons , -900 tons of vegetables on 26,957 m2 of vegetables on 26,957 m2

LettuceLettuce is the most widely-grown is the most widely-grown factory vegetable factory vegetable

2121

Japanese FarmersJapanese Farmers

About About 5.2 %5.2 % of Japan's labor force of Japan's labor force is in agriculture is in agriculture

Number of farmers Number of farmers 1960 -12.2 million1960 -12.2 million 2004 -2.2 million 2004 -2.2 million

Farmers have been hurt by imports and loss of Farmers have been hurt by imports and loss of subsidies. subsidies.

2222

Conti,,Conti,,

One farmer who manages one hectare of land (2.5 One farmer who manages one hectare of land (2.5 acres) told National Geographicacres) told National Geographic

""I'd need 10 to 20 hectares nowadays to I'd need 10 to 20 hectares nowadays to live welllive well.” .”

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Part Time Japanese FarmersPart Time Japanese Farmers

Most farmers are Most farmers are part-timers part-timers with two or three acres with two or three acres who and another job. who and another job.

The part time farmer trend In the 1960s, farmers often The part time farmer trend In the 1960s, farmers often left their families in the winter to work at left their families in the winter to work at higher higher payingpaying jobs in the cities jobs in the cities

2424

Old Man Farmers in Old Man Farmers in JapanJapan

The average age of the Japanese farmer is now over The average age of the Japanese farmer is now over 60 years60 years. .

Many farms are tended by elderly couples who Many farms are tended by elderly couples who receive some assistance from the children who live in receive some assistance from the children who live in the cities the cities

2525

Exported and Imported Food in JapanExported and Imported Food in Japan

Japan Japan exported exported 205 billion rupees205 billion rupees worth of agricultural worth of agricultural

products in 2006 products in 2006 -75% went to Asian countries -75% went to Asian countries - 21% went to the United States.- 21% went to the United States.

Japan is the world's Japan is the world's largest net importerlargest net importer of of agricultural productsagricultural products and and foodfood

Japan relies on imports for 60 percent of its food onJapan relies on imports for 60 percent of its food on a a caloric basiscaloric basis

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United states

2727

World Food Markets and Agricultural World Food Markets and Agricultural Investments inInvestments inJapanJapan

Japan ranks Japan ranks 128th out of 175 nations128th out of 175 nations in grain in grain self sufficiency self sufficiency

It is the It is the least self-sufficientleast self-sufficient in terms of food in terms of food production production

It is facing It is facing increased competitionincreased competition,, especially from Chinaespecially from China

2828

CROPS IN JAPANCROPS IN JAPAN

Major cropsMajor crops: : rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruitrice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit..

Much of Japan vegetables can be grown year Much of Japan vegetables can be grown year round. round.

Well grown vegetables in winterWell grown vegetables in winter : : potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, taro, carrots, and a potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, taro, carrots, and a

variety of turnips and radishes. variety of turnips and radishes.

2929

Conti,,Conti,,

To prevent To prevent overproductionoverproduction and keep and keep prices at prices at reasonably highreasonably high levels levels - vegetables are often destroyed - vegetables are often destroyed - Tractors crush the crop while it still in field- Tractors crush the crop while it still in field

Tendo in Yamagata prefecture is famous for Tendo in Yamagata prefecture is famous for cherries cherries

A farmer in Toyama grew A farmer in Toyama grew a pumpkin weighing a pumpkin weighing 530.9 kg530.9 kg in 2008 in 2008

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DaikonDaikon : : Large white carrot-shaped radishes, called Large white carrot-shaped radishes, called daikondaikon

Tea in JapanTea in Japan : : Japan is a major tea Japan is a major tea

producer producer

tea in Kagoshima Prefecture

Conti,,

3131

RICE FARMING INRICE FARMING IN JAPAN JAPAN

Rice is the main crop inRice is the main crop in Japan, cultivated for more Japan, cultivated for more than 3,000 years in than 3,000 years in

The hills and mountains are covered by The hills and mountains are covered by rice rice terraces. terraces.

HokkaidoHokkaido is Japan’s leading producer of rice. is Japan’s leading producer of rice.

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Early Rice Farming in Early Rice Farming in

JapanJapan

Wet land rice farming techniques beginning onWet land rice farming techniques beginning on the Yayoi period (400 B.C.-A.D. 300)the Yayoi period (400 B.C.-A.D. 300)

Early 2000s, wetland rice were found in pottery Early 2000s, wetland rice were found in pottery from from northern Kyushunorthern Kyushu dated to 1000 B.C. dated to 1000 B.C. Japanese introduced superior Japanese introduced superior rice varieties to the U S(1920s), rice varieties to the U S(1920s),

85 % of the rice in California85 % of the rice in California was of was of Japanese origin Japanese origin

planting rice in the 19th century

threshing rice in the 19th century

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Rice as FoodRice as Food

Rice seeds, or grains, are Rice seeds, or grains, are 80 % starch80 % starch. .

The texture of rice -component in the starch The texture of rice -component in the starch called amylose. called amylose. - low amylose (10 to 18%) -- - low amylose (10 to 18%) -- rice is softrice is soft and and slightly sticky. slightly sticky.

- If it is high (25 to 30%) -- - If it is high (25 to 30%) -- rice is harderrice is harder and and fluffy.fluffy.

Chinese, Koreans and Chinese, Koreans and Japanese -- sticky sideJapanese -- sticky side..

People in People in IndiaIndia, Bangladesh and Pakistan , Bangladesh and Pakistan --fluffy--fluffy

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Rice Production in Japan Rice Production in Japan

Most rice farming is done by “Most rice farming is done by “Sunday farmersSunday farmers””

Annual rice consumption per capitaAnnual rice consumption per capita

67.3 kg in 1996 67.3 kg in 1996

61.4 kg in 2005.61.4 kg in 2005.

Japan to boost rice production

3535

Rice Farming in Japan Rice Farming in Japan

The The transplantingtransplanting is done with machines is done with machines

Time-consumingTime-consuming task is planting seeds to produce the task is planting seeds to produce the

seedlingsseedlings

Rice seedlings areRice seedlings are

grown in grown in separate separate

bedsbeds

3636

Mechanized Rice PlantingMechanized Rice Planting

Harvesting riceHarvesting rice

3737

Modern Rice PaddiesModern Rice Paddies in Japan in Japan

Traditional paddies were Traditional paddies were small, irregularly small, irregularly shapesshapes and filled with soft, deep mud and filled with soft, deep mud

Moderns rice paddies are Moderns rice paddies are larger, firmer, rectangular in shapelarger, firmer, rectangular in shape and completely dry in the winter and completely dry in the winter

Many paddies in Japan have Many paddies in Japan have underground drainage systemsunderground drainage systems and and Concrete irrigation ditchesConcrete irrigation ditches

3838satoyama

3939

Import Restrictions and Subsidized Import Restrictions and Subsidized Rice in JapanRice in Japan

Most of the rice eaten in Japan is Japanese rice Most of the rice eaten in Japan is Japanese rice

One rice shop owner told Reuters, One rice shop owner told Reuters, “ “Foreign rice is for foreigners. Japanese peopleForeign rice is for foreigners. Japanese people like only Japanese ricelike only Japanese rice.” .”

Japanese government limits the import of rice to Japanese government limits the import of rice to 4%4% of the market of the market

Rice is subsidized to help Japanese farmers Rice is subsidized to help Japanese farmers

4040

Underground farming in JapanUnderground farming in Japan

beneath a high rise building in Tokyo, Japan

4141

Rice farming cost and income in Rice farming cost and income in japanjapan

4242

LIVESTOCK IN LIVESTOCK IN JAPANJAPAN

The dairy and beef industry in Japan is valued over The dairy and beef industry in Japan is valued over 49 billion rupees. 49 billion rupees.

In Japan there are In Japan there are - - 4.564.56 million cattle, million cattle, - - 9.619.61 million pigs, million pigs, - - 294294 million chickens and million chickens and - - 11,00011,000 sheep sheep

4343

Conti,,Conti,,

One High-tech innovation helped dairy farmers One High-tech innovation helped dairy farmers

auto feedauto feed

Japan imports 75% of its feed stocks from abroadJapan imports 75% of its feed stocks from abroad

It is the world’s biggest It is the world’s biggest importer feed stocksimporter feed stocks

4444

COMMERCIAL FISHING COMMERCIAL FISHING IN JAPANIN JAPAN

Japan is largest Japan is largest fish-eatingfish-eating

nationnation in the world in the world

- consuming 7.5 billion tons in a year- consuming 7.5 billion tons in a year

- 10 percent of the world's catch - 10 percent of the world's catch

The Japanese eat mostly sea fish The Japanese eat mostly sea fish

Fish were traditionally used to Fish were traditionally used to fertilize rice fieldsfertilize rice fields

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conclusionconclusion

Though the climatic conditions in our country Though the climatic conditions in our country are different from Japan but the agriculture are different from Japan but the agriculture growth of Japan shows a clear path way to an growth of Japan shows a clear path way to an agriculture in India.agriculture in India.

By adoption of innovative technology of Japan By adoption of innovative technology of Japan India also can accelerate its agriculture India also can accelerate its agriculture growth.growth.

4747

ReferencesReferences

www.maff.go.jp/hakusyo/kaigai/ehakusyo99.htmwww.maff.go.jp/hakusyo/kaigai/ehakusyo99.htm Factsanddetails.com/japan Factsanddetails.com/japan www.buddycom/japan/yasaikojo/index.htmlwww.buddycom/japan/yasaikojo/index.html Newshipper.sulekha.com/japanNewshipper.sulekha.com/japan www.impactlab.netwww.impactlab.net http://www.icscom.biz/nodai2010/index.htmlhttp://www.icscom.biz/nodai2010/index.html www.rieti.go.jp/.../yamashita/58.htmlwww.rieti.go.jp/.../yamashita/58.html

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