agra's water sewage challenges

7/30/2019 Agra's Water Sewage Challenges

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Excreta Matters: 7th Citizens Report

on the state of Indias Environment

An agenda for water-prudent andwaste-wise Agra

Water for growth?

Cities-industries need water for growth


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Vague old water sums

Recent information shows otherwise


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Urban Expansionism

Cities have to source water from further and

further

Costs rise, leakages rise

Conflicts Urban-rural, industry-rural

Pipe-dreams sold by water establishment

W

Leakages

Water inequity grows


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Cost of energy is

high and is a

growing

component of

water supply

Groundwater: abused

2. Those that do not get piped water suck out

groundwater

But this is not accounted for

Cities only consider official groundwater useCrores depend on private wells, tanker mafia,

bottled water

No recognition of this water source; no respect

for its management


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No Deposits, account emptying

3. Groundwater is critical for water supply, but

recharge is neglected

Reasons:

Land is valued, water is not

There is no legal protection for recharge zones anddrainage systems

No protection for lakes or ponds

Sponges of cities being destroyed. Deliberately

Water in, sewage out

4. Cities plan for water, forget waste

About 80% water leaves homes as sewage

More water=more wasteThere is no account for sewage

Cities have no clue how they will convey waste of

all, treat it, clean rivers

Cities only dream of becoming New York or London


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Sewage sums

Sewage generated = 38,255 mld

Capacity to treat = 11,788 mld (30%)

Sewage actually treated = 8,251 mld (22%)

Cost of treating remaining 26,467 MLD ranges fromRs 26,500 to Rs 105,868 crore

Delhi and Mumbai alone have 40 per cent ofsewage treatment capacity in the country

78 % sewage is officially untreated and disposed offin rivers, lakes, groundwater

Fill it, flush it, forget it

Planning for hardware

5. Cities plan for treatment not sewage

Treatment plants are not simple answers

Can build plants to treat, but there is no wastebeing conveyed for treatment

Most cities do not have underground sewage butengineers sell pipe-dreams ofcatching up withinfrastructure

Politicians buy pipe-dreams

We lose rivers. Generation oflost rivers


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Partial treatment=pollution

6. Cities do not control pollution

Cost of building system is high

City can build sewage for few not all

Spends on building pipes, repair and energy costs

of pumping to treatment plant of this waste

Spends to treat waste offew

Treated waste offew gets mixed with untreated

waste ofmajority

The result is pollution

Rivers: Hydrocide


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Generation oflost rivers

Delhi knows only Najafgarh a dirty drain ofYamuna. It was Sahibi which once flowedfrom the Aravalli into a jheel

Mumbai knows only Mithi a dirty drain. Iteven calls it a drain. But this was its river

Ludhiana knows Budha Nullah as a drain. Butthis was a darya a river

Generation of lost rivers. How many more willwe have to lose before we remember

Cannot pay full costs

7. Infrastructure is not a simple answer

Assumption that infrastructure is about costs isflawed

1. Water tariffs are high in many cases

2. Tariffs are high but recovery is poor becausemeters do not work

3. Poor pay high costs; money or with their health

4. Where tariffs are high, people move togroundwater

5. Water-sewage-pollution costs are high andunaffordable by all


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Agras master plan

Agras water-sewage sumsMunicipal area: 122 sq km Population 1.43 m (2005) Population 1.7 m (2011)

2005-06 2011

Water demand as per city agency (AJS) 245 MLD @ 171 LPCD 290 MLD, 18% increase

Per capita demand 171 LPCD 171 LPCD

Sources Yamuna Yamuna, new pipeline

Surface sources 100% (official)

Groundwater Groundwater = 75 MLD (CPCB)

Actual supply after loss 45% 135 MLD

Population served 75%

Water treatment plants, capacity 2, 410 MLD

Actual treatment 246 MLD

Sewage generated 240 MLD (CPCB) 153 MLD (AJS) 232 MLD

Population covered by sewage network 30%

Sewage treatment plants 4, capacity 90 MLD 4, 250 MLD

Actual treatment 66 MLD


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Agras water-sewage map

Water, not supplied

1. Water supply in cities: Planners obsessed withwater, not supply

2. In Agra, there is 45% shortfall between watersupply and demand

3. Main pipeline capacity is low, pumping andfiltration plants in poor condition

4. How much water is supplied to industry?

5. Where does water come from1. Yamuna river

2. Groundwater

3. Palra Bulandshahr pipeline (Future source)

4. New high-tech water treatment plant


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How Agra pollutes its own water

Severe quality issues

All parameters are exceeded by a vast margin

Biological oxygen demand 10X stipulated level

Chemical oxygen demand 5.6X stipulated level

Ammonia 25X stipulated level

Coliform count 14X stipulated level

Need alternative sources

342 MLD from Upper Ganga Canal

140 cusecs from Tehri

134 MLD plant to process Yamunas sewage ladenwater for drinking @ cost of Rs 156 crore


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Agra falls prey to expansionism

Waternomics

Agra Jal Sansthan largely in the black

Despite rising costs, Agras citizens get poor quality water


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Groundwater in Agra

CGWB, 2005-06: 75 MLD

Unknown number of private wells

Groundwater level falling @ rate of 55 cm peryear (2005); now reported to be 2 m in someparts of the city

Serious quality issues

Hardness in 30%

Faecal coliforms

Fluorides and nitrates in 26%

Sewage sums

Varying figures

Only 50% of drains intercepted 10 open into Yamuna upstream of water works

Capacity to treat: 27% of generation (90 MLD) Plants run improperly

Sewage network covers 30% of city area

Treated waste mixes with untreated sewage =Pollution

CPCB UPJN AJS

211 (2001) 152 (2003) 191 (2006)

254 (2006)


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Reform agenda

1. Prioritize public investment differently

2. Plan to cut costs of water supply

3. Invest in local water systems

4. Reduce water demand

5. Spend on sewage not on water

6. Cut costs of sewage treatment think

laterally

7. Plan to recycle and reuse every drop

Affordable water

Action: Cut costs of water supply

Augment local sources. Afford them legal

protection. These include lakes, ponds, feeder

channels and catchments Recharge groundwater based on geo-

hydrological studies

Maximise rainwater harvesting, mandated

through building by-laws


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WateRR

Action: Reduce demand and supply through bettermanagement and planning

Action: Reuse/ Recycle water. Grey water forgardening

Treat sewage for industry/farming :: Use a mix of

technology Decentralised treatment: small plants, soil

biotechnology

Bio-remediation

Treat for used water domestic use

Plan for sewage

Action: Plan for sewage before water

Sewage = resource

No water scheme must be passed withoutsewage component

Sewage must be our obsession

Plan differently for sewage treatment now

Mantra is decentralisation Use open drains as treatment zones

Use lakes and ponds as treatment zones: constructedwetlands

Treat locally so that treated water can be used locally


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Plan with knowledge

Last assessment of industrial-urban water

demand was in 1999

Water supply is a simple calculation:

water demand x population

Waste is simple calculation:water supply x 1.25

As actual water supply not known, waste

estimation off the mark

Excreta does Matter

Is about affordable urban growth

Is about inclusive urban growth planning for

all and not some

Is about sustainable urban growth planningfor true-green cities

Is about our need to re-invent growth without

pollution

agra's water sewage challenges

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