AGNIESZKA KOZŁOWSKA-RAJEWICZ Member of the European Parliament

Overcoming youth unemployment and gender discrimination in education

and the labour market.

Committee on Employment and Social Affairs

Commitee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality

Former Government Plenipotentary

for Equal Treatment in Chancellery of the Prime

Minister, Poland

AGNIESZKA KOZŁOWSKA-RAJEWICZ Member of the European Parliament

Labour market activity among youth in EU-28 (2012), Eurostat

CountryUnemployment rate age group 15-74 (%)

Youth unemployment rate age group 15-24 (%)

Difference (percentage

point)

EU (28 countries)

10,9 23,5 12,6

Greece 27,5 58,3 30,8

Spain 26,1 55,5 29,4

Poland 10,3 27,3 17

Belgium 8,4 23,7 15,3

Austria 5,4 9,7 4,3

Germany 5,2 7,8 2,5

Source: Eurostat, 2013

Job vacancy rate (%) 2014Q4

Labour mobility

Practical difficulties encountered or expected in relation to working abroad (% of respondents)

The profile of people on the move:

Education attainment:•People with higher education degrees move more frequently than those with a lower and secondary education.

Gender:•Percentage of men and women living in another place is similar, Women display slightly greater mobility. We can observe the feminization of mobility due to:ogrowing education attainment and professional training of women;obetter job opportunities for women in the service sector such as childcare and elderly care;oemancipation of younger women; breaking from the traditional model of family and relationships.

The Youth Guarantee• young people under 25 should receive a good-quality offer of employment, further education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within 4 months of leaving formal education or becoming unemployed

• one of the most crucial and urgent structural reforms that EU Member States must introduce to address youth unemployment

• estimated cost of establishing Youth Guarantee schemes is €21bn a year but economic cost of young people's unemployment is €153 bn per year

The Youth Employment Initiative

• exclusively supports young people not in employment, education or training in regions experiencing youth unemployment rates above 25% (20 eligible Member States)

The YEI funding (€ 6,4 billion) comprises of:• € 3,2 bilion from a specific EU budget line dedicated

to youth employment (frontloaded to 2014- 2015)

• € 3,2 bilion from the ESF allocations to the Member States for the 2014-2020 programming period

• YEI pre-financing in 2015 - € 1 bilion (30% of the specific allocation instead of the original 1-1.5%)

•aims to help bridge the gap between education and work, and to enable young people to move around more easily within the EU

The European Alliance for Apprenticeships

•is a platform that brings together key stakeholders from the employment and education sectors in order to coordinate and upscale different initiatives for successful apprenticeship-type schemes

The Quality Framework for Traineeships

EURES (European Employment Services )• is a co-operation network between the European

Commission and the Public Employment Services of the EEA Member States, as well as other partner organizations such as trade unions and employer associations.

• the purpose of the network is to improve the European labour market situation by facilitating mobility across national borders, by fostering the freedom of movement for workers within the EU and through better job matching

Your first EURES job• is a job mobility scheme to help young

Europeans aged 18-30 to find a job, traineeship or apprenticeship in any of the 28 Member States (remunerated, minimum 6 months contract)

• it finances language courses, other training needs, recognition of qualifications and travel expenses for young job applicants (for job interviews and job settlement in other EU countries)

• By the third quarter of 2014, nearly 3,200 participants have got a placement in another Member State. The 2015 target is to help some 5 000 people.

Art. 2 of the Treaty on European Union

The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity,

freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human

rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These

values are common to the Member States in a society in which

pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and

equality between women and men prevail.

Art. 3, par. 3 of the Treaty on European Union

The Union shall establish an internal market. It shall work for the sustainable

development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a

highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social

progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the

environment. It shall promote scientific and technological advance.

It shall combat social exclusion and discrimination, and shall promote

social justice and protection, equality between women and men, solidarity

between generations and protection of the rights of the child.

It shall promote economic, social and territorial cohesion, and solidarity among

Member States.

It shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and shall ensure that

Europe's cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced.

39%

The level of pensions received by women and men in Poland (in PLN), 2012

The employment rate of women and men aged 15-64 in 2013, Eurostat

Country/Gender

Employment rate (15 - 64) (% of population)

Difference

women menPercentage

point

EU-28 58,8 69,4 10,6

Poland 53,4 66,6 13,2

Sweden 72,5 76,3 3,8

Germany 68,8 77,7 8,9

Greece 40,1 58,4 18,3

Spain 50,3 59,2 8,9

Belgium 57,2 66,4 9,2

Graduates from tertiary education, by field of education and sex, EU-28, Eurostat 2011

Representation of women and men on the boards of large listed companies, European Commission 2013

Reasons for economic inactivity among men and women, Eurostat 2011

Average time women and men spend on paid and unpaid work (hours), Eurostat 2013

The possible policy solutionsI.The compensation model:reduces the gender pay and pension gap by making financial compensations to women for their career brakes related to raising children;

this policy may:lower retirement age for women, offer benefits for stay-at-home mothers, include and subsidize women's pension contributions during their childbearing years.

II. The reconciliation model:reduces the gender pay and pension gap by reducing the disadvantages in the labour market and enhancing work-life balance for both women and men;

this policy may:care facilities for the dependent,increasing the engagement of fathers in family duties,fighting discrimination of women in the labour market, targeting gender pay gap and glass ceiling.

Paternity leave in the EU Member States

Work-life balance index

Equality between men and women

is:

- a demographic necessity,

- an economic gain,

- social fairness

The average return on equity of companies with one woman on the board vs. with no women on the board, Credit Suisse 2012