aggression and social structure · serves to establish the order of the group, which animals are...
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggression and social structure
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
What is aggression?• Any behavior that cause injuries to other animal
• Social interaction with the intention to inflict damage
• Hostile, injurious or destructive behavior caused by frustration
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
What is Aggression?
"A forceful behavior, action, or attitude that isexpressed physically, verbally, or symbolically. It may arise from innate drives or occur as a defense mechanism…”
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 2009
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Types of aggression
• Social• Territorial• Pain • Fear• Maternal• Predatory
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Social Aggression:It occurs when animals live in groups . It serves to establish the order of the group, which animals are dominant or submissive.
Hierarchy: Alpha animal > beta animal > subordinates.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Territorial Aggression:• Resources
– Territory– Food– Mate – Owner
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Pain induced aggression:This aggression is based on induced pain or fear of the pain. The function is to reduce the pain by eliminating the source.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Fear induced aggression:It is the fear of the unknown, or fear of a specific person or animal with no apparent cause.
Fear induced aggression
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Categories of aggression:
Irritable aggression:This behavior happens when the animal is hungry, tired, or sick. It has lees tolerance for disturbing situations and will attack the source of the disturbing stimuli.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Maternal aggression:It is directed to protect the offspring against a possible dangerous animal/ human.
Maternal aggressionMaternal aggression Dog
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Categories of aggression
Sexual aggression:In some species mating behavior is accompanied by severe biting by the male. It can also include competition between animals for a sexual partner.
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Categories of aggression:
Predatory aggression:It is the aggression in order to get food, usually the animal attacking is interested in eating its prey.
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Biological basis of aggression
Genetic factors:• Breed
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Biological basis of aggression
Environmental control of aggression:Environment plays a main role in the level and frequency of aggression, smaller pens are directly related to the rates of aggression.
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Biological basis of aggression
Neuroanatomical lesions:The hypothalamus has an important role of regulating aggressive behavior and hypothalamic lesions can alter the rate of aggressive behaviors.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Biological basis of aggression
Neurochemical/Hormonal control of aggression:Injections of certain substances as well as the presence of specific hormones, such as testosterone, increase aggressive behavior.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Cow
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Social Behavior• Free-Ranging cattle
– Solitary bulls
• Confined cattle– Animals from the same farm
• Grooming– Few minutes per day– During feeding time– Hierarchical
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Social aggression
Determinants of dominance:• Height• Weight*• Horns• Age*• Sex• Territory
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression
Determinants of dominance:• When moving submissive are first• Dominant first to eat• Estrus increase dominant behavior• Dairy vs Beef• Mounting
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggressive behavior
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Sheep
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social behavior
• Wild– Groups
• Flocking– Same breed– Familiar animals– Separation calls
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression
• Determinant of dominance– Oldest – Leader– Push subordinates
• Sexual aggression– The most common type
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Goat
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social behavior
• Wild– Groups
• Grooming– Scratching– With the canine or incisors
• Dominance– Horn size– More aggressive than Sheep
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Horses
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression
• Determinant of dominance– Oldest – Leader– Push subordinates
• Sexual aggression– The most common type
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social behavior
• Band• Dominant female• Female choose the band• Bachelor band • Aggression
– Water holes– Vocalization assessment
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social behavior
• Big band have more than one male• Daughter of dominant tend to be dominant • Preference within herd
– Share resources – Groom
• Grooming– Friend or similar rank– Coon during spring
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression in Horses
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggressive behavior in horses
• Running • Chasing• Circling biting • Kicking• Levade
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Horses herd hierarchyAdult male > Adult female > Young male > Young
female > Male foal > Female foal
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Treating horse aggression
• Stall guarding• Reward non-aggressive behavior• Drugs (side effects)• Tryptophan supplementation• Familiarize animals before mixing• Castration
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Pigs
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression- Teat order
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Social aggression- Hierarchy formation after mixing
• Behaviors– Sniffing – Vocalization– Fighting
• Butt the head• Biting (ears, neck, shoulder)
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Social aggression- Hierarchy formation after mixing
• How to prevent it?– Pen size and shape– Different in size– Keep littermates together – Enrichment
• Toys• Pheromones
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression-Sows
• Dominant Sows– More piglets– Dominant offspring
• Subordinate Sows– Lower litter size– Less estrus behavior
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social aggression in pigs
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Dog
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Social Behavior
• Urban dog– Small group
• Aggressive behavior– Ears pointing back– Male more than female– Spayed females more than intact– Biting head, ears, neck, thorax
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social structure and aggression
Dogs:In dogs size is important to establish dominance. However, territoriality is more important.Males are usually dominants over females, but the opposite may happen.
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggression in dogs
• Social aggression• Territorial aggression• Fear- induced aggression• Irritable aggression• Maternal aggression• Predatory aggression
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggression in dogs
Social Aggression
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How to reduce aggression?
• Breed• Socialize dog at early stage• Diet
– Tryptophan
• Castration– Do not affect territorial
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Cat
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Social Behavior
• Wild– Solitaries
• Urban cats– Group– Near a food source
• Grooming– Very important– Allogroming
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Aggression in cats
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Social Aggression in cats
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Sexual aggression in cats
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Domestic Animal Behavior, ANSC 3318
Predatory aggression in cats
Predatory behavior