aggregate resource potential
TRANSCRIPT
Iron
Bear Island
Shagawa
Seven Beaver Lake
Farm Lake
Colby
Lake
One Pine
Lake
Sa
bin
La
ke
Wyn
ne
Muckwa Lake
Heikkilla Lake
LoboLake
Sand Lake
IsaacLake
ArgoLake
Joseph Lake
Whisper Lake
Crocket Lake
MudLake
KaunonenLake Jackpot
Lake
Lake
Wh
ite
Little Lake
Lake
BongaLake
Swamp Lake
Big L
ake
IronLake
Birch
No
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ay
Perch Lake
Kangas Lake
Blueberry Lake
Johnson
Lake
Mitchell Lake
Lake
Longst
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Bay
Lake
Cranberry Lake
Sock Lake
Spruce Lake
Blueberry Lake
Lake
Whitewater Lake
Cedar Lake
South
Kawhis
hiwi
River
BobBay
HarrisLake
Keeley Creek
Denley
Nira
Creek
BeaverHut Lake
SueLake
Denley Lake
Ston
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LakeCulkin
Continental Lake
FoolsLake
CougarLake
Du
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MudLake
Joh
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Embarrass River
Ca
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Cre
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Embarrass
River
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Part
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Colvin Cr.
Cranber
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Partridge
Riv
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Spri
ng M
ine
Cr.
Embarrass River
Ely Municipal
Airport
Small GravelPit
Medium Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit
SmallGravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel Pits
SmallGravel Pit
MediumGravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
MediumGravel
Pit
Medium Gravel Pit
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel Pits
MediumGravel Pit
MediumGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit
Large Gravel Pit
Small Gravel PitSmallGravel
Pit
LargeSand Pit
Small Gravel PitMediumGravel
Pit
LargeGravel
Pit
Large Gravel
Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Small Sand Pit
SmallGravelPits
Small GravelPit
SmallGravel
Pit
Small Gravel PitSmall Gravel
Pit
Medium GravelPit
Small Gravel Pits
Small Gravel Pits
MediumGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
MediumGravelPit
LargeGravel Pit
SmallGravel Pits
MediumGravel
Pit
MediumGravel Pit
Large Gravel
Pits
SmallGravel
Pit
Large Gravel
Pit
SmallGravel
PitLargeGravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravel
Pits
MediumGravel Pits
SmallGravel Pit
MediumGravel Pit
MediumGravel
Pits
SmallGravelPit
MediumGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
Small Gravel
PitMediumGravel Pit
MediumGravelPit
Small GravelPit Small
Gravel Pit
MediumGravelPit
SmallGravelPits
SmallGravel
Pit
MediumGravelPits
Large Gravel Pit
SmallGravel
Pits
Large GravelPit
SmallGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pits
Small Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit SmallGravelPits
Medium GravelPit
SmallQuarries
SmallSand Pit
SmallGravel
Pits MediumGravel
Pits
MediumGravelPit
MediumGravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel Pit
SmallGravelPit
Medium Gravel Pit
Small Sand Pit
Medium Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit
SmallSand Pit
Small SandPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel Pits
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel
Pits
Large Gravel Pit
SmallGravel Pit
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel
Pit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallBorrow
Pit
Small GravelPit
Small GravelPit
SmallGravel Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
SmallBorrowPit
Small Gravel Pits
Medium Gravel Pit
Small Gravel PitSmallGravelPit
Small BorrowPit
Small Gravel Pits
SmallGravel
Pits
SmallGravel Pit
SmallQuarry
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel
Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
MediumQuarry
SmallGravelPit
Small GravelPit
Small GravelPits
SmallGravel Pit
SmallGravel Pits
SmallGravel
Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallSand Pit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallBorrow Pit
SmallGravel Pits
SmallSand Pits
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravel Pit
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravel
Pit
Medium GravelPit
SmallBorrow
Pit
SmallBorrow
Pit
SmallGravel
Pits
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravel
PIts
SmallGravel
Pit
Small GravelPit
Small Gravel
Pits
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel
Pits
Small GravelPit
SmallGravel Pits
Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
SmallGravel
Pit
SmallGravelPit
MediumGravel
Pit
Small GravelPit
SmallGravelPit
SmallGravel Pits
Skibo
Allen
Wyman
Colby
Mesaba
Old
Mesaba
Hinsdale
Ridge
Happy
Wanderer
Hoyt
Lakes
Aurora
Babbitt
Ely
Pineville
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F A L L L A K E
S T O N Y R I V E R
B A S S E T T
M O R S E
W A A S A
W H I T E
R.12W. R.11W.
T.6
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.
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63
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Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand andGravel
Sand andGravel
Sandand
Gravel
Sandand
Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sandand
Gravel
Sand andGravel
Sandand
Gravel
Sand andGravel
Sand andGravel
Sand with Gravel
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
TillTill
Till
Clay
Clay
1
1
1
169
1
135
135
135
16
110
70
21
21
130
138
110
120
138
100
110
21
21 21
112
100
110
21
88
21
110
21
16
120
16
904
360
341
615
358
380
593
346
593
318
620
666
666
655
795
716
585
655
360
569
360
360
680
680
407
904
341
774
903490
796
684
583
623797
493
2104
528
2044
273
2041
5041
244
2000
2184
226
258
3000
114
259
3037
232
239
2001
272
235
246
243
258
241
242
2126
3341
2039
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality Tested
Quality
Tested
Quality
Tested
Plate A - MN DNR Report 380Aggregate Resource Potential in Parts of Northern St. Louis and Lake Counties, MN
Sand and Gravel Potential and Silt and Clay PotentialMinnesota Department of Natural ResourcesDivision of Lands and Minerals - Director Marty Vadis
© 2011, State of Minnesota, Department of Natural Resources Products of this project include a CD/ROM with the final report, map, GIS data, and metadata.
AGGREGATE RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN PARTS OF NORTHERN ST. LOUIS AND LAKE COUNTIES, MN
S a n d a n d G r a v e l P o t e n t i a l a n d S i l t a n d C l a y P o t e n t i a l R e s o u r c e sProduced by the Aggregate Resource Mapping ProgramDivision of Lands and MineralsMinnesota Department of Natural ResourcesProject Funded by the Minerals Coordinating Committee (MCC)Mapped by Hannah G. FriedrichSt. Paul, Minnesota - January 2011
Classifying Sand and Gravel Potential: Sand and gravelresources were divided into four categories based on thetype of geologic feature, probability (certainty), sand andgravel thickness, overburden thickness, deposit size (arealextent), textural characteristics (grain size distribution),quality (soundness and durability), and the sedimentdescription as observed in the field (Table 1; see definitionsof terms in Footnotes below Table 1). For example, aclassified landform, such as an ice contact feature, typicallycontains sand and gravel. The resource has a highprobability of containing aggregate when the landform hasgravel pits located within its boundaries, sand and gravel isobserved at or near the surface, and sand and gravel isencountered in surrounding water wells. Historicallaboratory test results of aggregate quality are compiled,interpreted, and extrapolated from Mn/DOT pit sheets. Inaddition to Mn/DOT quality data, observations of qualitycharacteristics can be assessed during field work. Thicknessof overburden and sand and gravel were determined fromobservations and water well information. For example, if adeposit has areal extent greater than 15 acres, has thicknessgreater than 10 feet, has overburden thickness of 5 feet orless, has high quality, good texture, and an existing gravel pit,then the resource is classified as having high potential (Table1).The areas classified as nonsignificant sand and gravelresource potential (low and limited potential) meet thecriteria listed in Table 1. Deposits that are too small in arealextent; are too thin; have too thick of overburden; containsignificantly more sand than gravel; lack identified resources;or do not meet quality specifications are in these categories.
0-5 0-15
0-40+ 0-15+0-45+
0-35+0-45+
10-50+
Probability3
Sand and gravel
Characteristics
Very lowto
low
Till, silt, sand,bedrock
Surficial GeologyFeatures
Moderateto
high
Moderateto
high
Moderateto
goodGood
tovery good
Till,sand and gravel
Till, sand,sand with gravel
Sand and GravelQuality7
OverburdenThickness
(in feet)
Very smallto small
(<1-5+ acres)
PredominantSediment
Description
Low Potential
Very lowto
moderately low
Lowto
moderately low
Moderately lowto
low
High Potential
Moderately highto
very high
Moderately highto
very high
Poorto
moderately poorVery poor
tomoderately poor
Moderately largeto very large
(10-30+ acres)
SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES
Moderately smallto small
(3-10+ acres)Sand and Gravel
Deposit Size(areal extext5)
Sand and GravelTextural
Characteristics6
Sand and GravelThickness4
(in feet)
Limited Potential
Moderateto moderately large
(5-15+ acres)
Glaciofluvial feature;outwash channel; outwashfeature; ice contact feature
NONSIGNIFICANT RESOURCESModerate Potential
Ice contact feature; linear ridge; recessional/ground moraine; outwashterrace, channel, feature
Outwash features; alluvial valley; lake plain; recess-
ional/ground moraine; icecontact; linear ridge; beaches
Alluvial valley; bedrock;lake plain; outwash channelfeature; recessional/ground moraine; glaciofluvial feature
Table 1: Classification Matrix of Sand and Gravel Potential1
1Table excludes classification of silt and clay potential.2Nonsignificant: Term representing aggregate resources that do not meet the criteria for high or moderateaggregate potential according to the characteristics listed in Table 1. This is a relative classification thatchanges from one mapping region to another.3Probability: The degree of certainty that aggregate exists within a mapping unit largely defined by theamount of available information.4Thickness Variability: The thickness of a deposit may range from 0 to stated value due to the presence ofbedrock outcrops or lateral discontinuation of the deposit.
5Areal Extent: The size, horizontal extent, or distribution of a unit (e.g., area in acres). This attribute doesnot necessarily reflect the size of an individual polygon but the size of a deposit found within that polygon.6Textural Characteristics: Particle size distribution, defined as the percentage of gravel or sand vs. silt orclay (e.g., sieve analysis).7Quality: The physical characteristics of the material, such as soundness (e.g., magnesium sulfate test),durability (Los Angeles Rattler test), and percent of deleterious rock types such as iron oxide, disintegratingrock, or unsound chert. Field observations supplement historic data.
Footnotes Associated with Potential Sand and Gravel Resources Seen on Table 1
Figure 1: Conceptual Cross-Section Displaying Sand and Gravel Potential And Relative Bedrock Influence
Distance (miles)
Elev
atio
n (fe
et) -
6x V
ertic
al Ex
agge
ratio
n
Sandy
Till Sand
Sand
Organics OrganicsTill
Till
Sand
and Gravel Sandand GravelSand and Gravel
Till
M e s o p r o t e r o z o i c B e d r o c k : G a b b r o
A r c h e a n B e d r o c k : G r a n i t e
Bedrock: Granite
Sand and Gravel
Bedrock: Gabbro
Dominant Sediment or Bedrock
SandSandy Till
Organics
Sand and Gravel Resource Potential
Limited Sand and Gravel Potential
Low Sand and Gravel Potential
Moderate Sand and Gravel Potential
High Sand and Gravel PotentialHp
Mp
Lp
Ltd
LtdLtd
LpLp Ltd
Ltd
Mp
Mp
Hp
Hp
Bedrock Surface and ContactBedrock SurfaceBedrock Contact
Cross-Section Legend
1580
1570
1560
1550
1540
1530
1520
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Bedrock Outcrop
Outwash Channel
Ice Contact
Outwash Feature
S e t t i n g 1 S e t t i n g 2
Sett ing 3
1580
1570
1560
1550
1540
1530
1520
TillRece ss iona l Mo ra in e
Conceptual Cross-Section: The cross-section above conceptually illustrates three geologicsettings observed within the project area. The purpose of the cross-section is to demonstratehow bedrock affects sand and gravel potential. Local bedrock may influence the sand and graveldeposit in two ways: 1) local bedrock topography may have directed the meltwater flow and thesand and gravel deposition and 2) local bedrock may also be the predominate rock type withinthe gravel clasts, and influence gravel quality.Setting 1 shows a steep hill of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater that flowed through oron glacial ice. The resulting landform is called an ice-contact feature. In this setting, the sandand gravel overlies granitic bedrock, a high-quality source of aggregate. A deposit with highquality gravel lithology combined with other factors like a thickness greater than 10 feet withlittle to no overburden, results in a classification of high potential for sand and gravel. Setting 2shows a sand and gravel deposit over gabbroic bedrock which produces less desirable aggregate.Therefore, the deposit reflects the lower quality and is classified as moderate potential for sandand gravel. The bedrock topography is highly variable in Setting 3 and controls how sand andgravel is distributed. Where bedrock is exposed at the surface, sand and gravel thickness mayrange between 0 to 20+ feet thick within a single mapping unit. All but high potentialclassifications have possible bedrock outcrops.
Printed Map Scale 1 : 63,360
0 1 2 3 4Miles
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Kilometers
Based on a 1:50,000 scale MN DNR resource assessment
Cartographic Base Map Data Sources: Lakes, rivers, streams, and drainage ditches from NWI (NationalWetland Inventory), Mn/DOT (Minnesota Department of Transportation) Base map, MN DNR 24K Streams,compiled at 1:24,000 from aerial photography (1979-1988) and USGS quadrangle maps (1980-1990); PLS(Public Land Survey) townships and sections layers extracted from PLS Project, 2001, MN DNR, Division ofLands and Minerals; Populated places were derived from the GNIS (Geographic Name Information System)by pulling out the features that were coded as populated places. A selected subset of these was used for thismap, 2003; County boundaries from MN DNR, derived from combination of 1:24,000 scale PLS lines,1:100,000 scale TIGER, 1:100,000 scale DLG, and 1:24,000 hydrography lines, 1993; Hydrography labelsderived from selected Mn/DOT County Highway Maps water feature annotations, 2002; Roads fromMn/DOT Base map, fall of 2006. This layer was modified slightly for this map in order to connect two roadlines together where split; Railroad Tracks from Mn/DOT Base map, 2001; Topographic relief or hillshadecreated from a combination of 30-meter and 10-meter digital elevation models (DEM) from the USGSNational Elevation Dataset, 2007 and 5-meter DEM of the Mesabi Iron Range obtained from the MN DNR;Taconite Mine Lands or active, inactive, and disturbed taconite mining areas within the Mesabi Iron Rangefrom MN DNR, Division of Lands and Minerals (2009); Copper + Nickel + PGE and TiO2 mineral depositsfootprints from MN DNR, Division of Lands and Minerals current as of January 2011. This dataset should beused as a point of reference only due to being unverified and generalized from a variety of sources.GIS Support and Cartography by Kevin J. Hanson, MN DNR, Division of Lands and Minerals.
Aggregate Mapping Sources: Aerial photograph interpretation, fieldwork, pit and quarry inventory, anddelineation of mapping units by Hannah G. Friedrich, 2010, Aggregate Resource Mapping Program, Division ofLands and Minerals, MN DNR (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources). Source information included aerialphotographs from NAPP (National Aerial Photography Program), 1991-1992, 9" x 9" color infrared photos at1:40,000; 1991 DOQs (Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles) at 1:12,000 from USGS (United States Geological Survey);FSA (Farm Services Administration) Color Orthophotos collected from the following years; 2003-04, 2005, 2006,2008, 2009; FSA CIR (Color Infrared) Imagery collected in 2008 and 2009; DRGs (Digital Raster Graphics) at1:24,000 from USGS; 7.5-minute USGS topographic quadrangles at 1:24,000 (dating from 1964-1992); the SoilSurvey Geographic Database for St. Louis County, Minnesota, published September 3rd, 2009, from the USDA-NRCS (United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resource Conservation Service); a combination of 30-meter and 10-meter DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) from the USGS National Elevation Dataset and a 5-meterDEM covering the Mesabi Iron Range from the MN DNR; and CWI (County Well Index) database of located andunlocated wells from the Minnesota Department of Health and MGS (Minnesota Geological Survey), downloaded inJune 2009. Related geological maps were referenced including: Pleistocene Geology of the Embarrass Area, St. LouisCounty, MN by J. Lehr, 1991; USGS Bulletin 1331-C: Surficial Geology, Mesabi Vermilion Iron Range, NortheasternMinnesota, by T. Winter, R. Cotter, and H. Young, 1973; Glacial Geomorphology for the Laurentian Divide area, St.Louis and Lake Counties, Minnesota by J. Lehr and H. Hobbs, 1992 in MGS Guidebook 18; Distribution of SurficialMaterials in the Copper-Nickel Region, Northeastern Minnesota by P. Olcott, 1976, modified from Prettyman, Eng,Winter and others 1973; DNR Report 262, Plate 3 Glacial Geology Map: Glacial Drift Geochemistry for StrategicMinerals, Duluth Complex, Lake County, Minnesota, 1989; DNR Report 246, Plate 1 Map of Esker Deposits andSites Sampled in Northeastern Minnesota by M. Eng 1986; DNR Report 358, Inventory of Publicly OwnedStockpiles and Natural Aggregate Resources at the Former LTV Mine and Vicinity by G. Melchert, 2003; DNRReport 289, Dimension Stone Inventory of Northern Minnesota by M. Oberhelman 1991; MGS Miscellaneous MapM-164, Mesabi Iron Range Surficial Geology, by C. Jennings and W. Reynolds, 2005; MGS Miscellaneous Map M-163, Bedrock Geology of the Mesabi Iron Range, by M. Jirsa, V. Chandler, and R. Lively, 2005 and MGS State MapSeries S21: Preliminary Bedrock Outcrop Map, 2010. Gravel pits and quarries were extracted from the severalsources (See Pits and Quarries GIS Data Sources) and reviewed in the field or on air photos. Depth to Bedrockmodel developed by Kevin Hanson and interpreted by Hannah Friedrich. Model created from the following sources:30-meter USGS DEM; MGS CWI (06/2009); MGS bedrock outcrops (04/2010), MPES 380 field observed outcrops(06/2010); NRCS soil survey outcrops (01/2009); and MN DNR exploratory drill hole database (04/2010).Pits and Quarries GIS Data Sources: Pits and quarries were extracted from several external sources and thenreviewed in the field and in the office by MN DNR’s Hannah G. Friedrich. Sources used to inventory the pits andquarries in the study area: Mn/DOT (Minnesota Department of Transportation) ASIS (Aggregate SourceInformation System) database downloaded in December of 2008; SSURGO spot feature points of gravel pits andquarries downloaded in December of 2008; St. Louis County Land Department database of pits and quarriesobtained from St. Louis County in July of 2010; some pits and quarries were digitized from the USGS 1:24,000digital topographic quadrangle maps done by the MN DNR Division of Lands and Minerals in 2003. Other pits andquarries were digitized onscreen in ArcGIS 9.3.1 by MN DNR’s Hannah G. Friedrich while in the field between fallof 2009 and summer of 2010 using aerial photography as a base.
Map Disclaimer: This map was prepared from publicly available information, field data, and geologicinterpretations. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the factual data onwhich this map interpretation is based. However, the Department of Natural Resources does notwarrant the accuracy, completeness, or any implied uses of these data. Users may wish to verify criticalinformation; sources include both the references here and information on file in the offices of theMinnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Minnesota Geological Survey. Every effort hasbeen made to ensure the interpretations conform to sound geologic and cartographic principles. Thismap should not be used to establish legal title, boundaries, or locations of improvements.
Project LocationMap
Duluth
Minneapolis
St.Paul
St. Louis
Co.Lake
Co.
2
The project boundary wasdeveloped to evaluate and mapsand and gravel potential and siltand clay potential around knowncopper + nickel + platinum groupelement deposits in northern St.Louis County and Lake County,Minnesota.
Sa
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La
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Taconite Mine Lands and Copper + Nickel + PGE Deposit FootprintsMine lands: Excluded from aggregate assessment. Includes all iron mining features:mines, stockpiles, tailings basins, haul roads, etc., where access is controlled.Copper + Nickel + Platinum Group Elements Deposit Footprints: These areunverified, generalized footprints based on a variety of sources and are provided hereonly for point of reference.
Sand and Gravel Potential and Silt and Clay PotentialPotential is defined as an assessment of the relative probability that a deposit exists within a given mapping unit.Evaluation of specific deposits was not done in this reconnaissance-level study.Significant Sand and Gravel Resource Potential
High Potential: Units inferred to contain highest sand and gravel resource potential. Moderate Potential: Units inferred to contain moderate sand and gravel resource potential.
Nonsignificant Sand and Gravel Resource PotentialLow Potential: Units inferred to contain low sand and gravel resource potential.Limited Potential: Units inferred to contain limited sand and gravel resource potential or units with insufficient data to indicate the existence of sand and gravel.
Silt and Clay Resource PotentialSilt and Clay Potential: Units inferred to contain silt and clay resource potential.
Identified Resources: Gravel Pits, Sand Pits, Borrow Pits, and QuarriesExcluding Taconite Mine Lands
Gravel Pits: Sites that have been or are currently beingmined in deposits of sand and gravel.Gravel Pits – Mn/DOT ASIS: Sites were identified byMn/DOT as part of the Aggregate Source InformationSystem (ASIS).Sand Pits: Sites that have been or are currently beingmined in deposits of sand with little or no gravel.Sand Pits – Mn/DOT ASIS: Sites were identified byMn/DOT as part of ASIS.Borrow Pits: Sites comprising very small excavationsor sites in nongranular deposits.Quarry: Sites include one medium active dimensionstone quarry and three small inactive quarries referencedfrom topographic maps.
Small Medium Large<5 Acres 5-15 Acres >15 Acres
None
NoneNone
None None
None
129 31 10
24 10 3
8 1
1
6
3 1
Field Observations, Test Holes, and Quality TestingField Observations: A total of 805 field observations were logged during the fall of 2009and spring of 2010. The map displays field observations by their primary material symbol.
Test Holes: A total of 36 test holes were completed during the spring of 2010. The maplabels identify each test hole by primary material type (e.g., sand, sand and gravel, till).
Sand and Gravel Sand Clay/Silt Till/Boulders Bedrock Outcrop
Test hole location with an example label of primary material typee.g., Sand
Number of sites in project area, e.g., 10 large gravel pits
Bounding Features
County BoundariesPLS Township BoundariesSection Boundaries
*Transportation FeaturesMN Highway1
County Highwaysand Roads100
Municipal Roads
Railroad Tracks
Township and Other Roads
Cities and Populated PlacesSections 1,6,31, & 36 labeled
Skibo
Ely (Size of font type indicates relative populations)
Rivers & Streams
Physical FeaturesWater Features (Lakes,
rivers, tailings basins)
Shaded Topographic Relief(Azimuth = 315, Altitude = 45)
Forest Roads
1532
Airport Runway
Project Boundary
*Transportation Features are from Mn/DOT and were current at the time of field work. Other GIS road layers were used for field work that were not mapped by Mn/DOT. These sources are unpublished and were not used for this map.
Mn/DOT Tested Quality Samples:12 samples takenfrom field observations and test holes were tested forquality by Mn/DOT. The quality tested samples are labeledon the map like this: Quality TestedQuality Tested
Quality Tested
Quality Tested
Quality Tested