agfa formulas for photographic use - year unknown

7/29/2019 Agfa Formulas for Photographic Use - Year Unknown

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AGFAFORMULASFORPHOTOGRAPHIC USE

A G F A A N S C O C O R P O R A T I O NB I N G H A l , l f O N , N . y .

www.orphancameras.com


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e-

CONTENTS

Chemistry for the PhotograPher ' '' Components and action of developers' ' '

Composition and function of fixerSuggestions for trouble-free mixing

3-9478

Agfa Formulas rr-3rIndex roDevelopers . . .Fixers z6-27Reducers, Intensifiers . .. . 27-29Toners, Desensitizers .. 29-3r

Agfa Chemicals and Prepared Developers " " " " '

GOPYRIGHT 93S BYA G F A A N S C O C O R P O R A T

B I N G H A M T O N l N ' Y .

3.

roN



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G H E M I S T R Y F O R T H E ' P H O T O G R A P H E R

p H O T O G R A P H E R S e v e r y w h e r e' rcalize the importance which chem-istry holds in photographic work, butoften consider the subject too formidableand involved for application to their ownwork. This discussion has been preparedto help dispel that fear, and to showthat theoretical knowledge is unimpor-tant if the photographer knows in a prac-tical rryay, what is in a developing orfixing solution, why it is there and howit accomplishes its own particular job.

The general structure of photographicfilm, its components of nitro cellulose(or acetyl cellulose) base, emulsion coat-ing of gelatine which contains suspendedparticles of light-sensitive silver salt,and auxiliary layers for such purposesas prevention of halation, are commonknowledge among photographers. Thechemistry involved in this branch of thescience is held under precise control bythe manufacturer and causes he photog-rapher little concern. Photographicchemistry begins to affect the photog-rapher more directly in the developingand fixing operations carried out withfilm and paper. It is therefore well

worth while to consider first the compo-sition and function of the developingsolution to seewhat it contains and whatit does to effect development.

When a photographic emulsion is ex-posed to light, the silver salt (silver bro-mide, chloride or iodide) which the lightreaches, undergoes a definite though in-visible change to form what is known asthe latent image. It is not yet definitelyknown just how this change takes place,but it is believed that the exposed partsof the emulsion gain a certain "activa-tion" that makes them susceptible to thereducing action of a developer. Whenplaced in a developing solution the ex-posed, "activated" particles of silver saltare reduced chemically to black metallicsilver, leaving the unexposed particles ofsilver salt unchanged. Reduction in thissense does not have the meaning com-monly thought of in the photographicfield, namely, the lessening of densit5r ina film negative. This chemical reductionis a conversion of the silver salt to freesilver and for the reaction one or morercducinp agents - which photographerscall "developers," are necessarJr.



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THE DEVETOPER'sBASIC GO'NPONENTThere are many chemicals which are

reducing agents, but most of them aretoo powerful to be used for developingbecausethey reduce all the silver salt inthe emulsion without regard to the latentimage which exposure in the camera hasproduced. Therefore a reducing agentmust be selected which is satisfactory asa developer and which confines its actionto the exposed particles of silver salt,leaving the remainder unaffected. Ofthe reducing agents that are satisfactoryfor photographic use, metol, hydroqui-none and pyro are most commonly used,and there are in addition other develop-ing agents such as glycin, amidcil androdinal frequently employed. There arealso several developing agents on themarket under different names thanmetol, but which are basically the samechemical - monomethyl - para - amino -phenol-sulphate.

As has been indicated, ttre chemicalaction of these developing agents is fun-damentally the same. The photographiceffect, however, depends to a large extenton tJle particular developing agent andthe way in which it is used. Thus manydevelopers contain a combination of de-veloping agents, and one formula mayhave, for example, a high percentage ofhydroquinone to produce brilliant pho-tographic images while another formula4

may use a larger ratio of metol to pro-duce softer results.

It is obvious therefore, ttrat greatcare should be taken in the preparationof developing solutions, for a slight errorin the type or amount of the developingagents (or the other constituents too, forthat matter) may have a serious effecton the behavior of the developer. Mostsuccessful photographers have foundthat it is far wiser to use the formulasrecommended by the manufacturer andto make sure solutions are carefully andaccurately mixed, than to spend timeon individual experimenting or research.The use of recommended formulas isundoubtedly one of the most importanthelps to getting good results in filmdevelopment.

OTHER NGREDIENTS F THE DEVELOPINGsoruTroNThe function and importance of the

developing agent in the developer haveboth been mentioned - but there arethree other components which also playan important role in any developing solu-tion. The first of these is the alkali-which is ordinarily essential for develop-ment. Most of the developing agents inuse today are neutral or slightly acid intheir normal state, and in this conditiongive little or no developing action. How-ever, when an alkaline salt like sodiumcarbonate is introduced into the solution



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containing the developing agent, a veryinteresting change takes place. The de-veloping agent forms what is called analkaline salt which in a photographicsense s a more active material, and it isthis alkaline salt of the developing agentthat actually reduces the exposed grainsof silver salt to metallic silver. The alkalihas a secondary effect in the developingsolution which is also important. It helpsthe gelatine emulsion to swell and thusfacilitates the penetration of the devel-oping solution throughout the networklayer of the'emulsion.

It is obvious that the alkali is a reallyimportant component of the developingsolution and it is likewise evident thatcare must be exercised in using the rightkind and correct amount of alkali. So-dium carbonate is normally recom-mended though potassium carbonate issometimes used in its place. The causticalkalis, sodium hydroxide and potassiumhydroxide, should not be substituted un-less definitely specified as they are muchstronger and can easily cause fog. Nor-mally they are used only in special-pur-pose developers giving high contrast.Borax and similar alkalis which are lessenergetic are often specified for fine-graindevelopment in which grain size must becontrolled by softer development.

The amount of alkali should of coursebe weighed accurately to the amouqt

specified, as too much may cause fog indeveloped negatives; too little may resultin slow,soft development. It is importantto remember when using carbonate, thatthe potassium salt is generally availableonly in the anhydrous form, while themore generally used sodium salt can beobtained as (r) the anhydrous salt con-taining about z/6 water, (z) the mono-hydrated salt containing about r5/s wa-ter, or (S) in crystal form containingabout 6S7o water. The anhydrous andcrystalline forms are both unstable atordinary conditions of temperature andhumidity, and must be kept in tightlysealed containers and used with greatcare to prevent considerable absorptionof water from the atmosphere by the an-hydrous salt, or loss of water by the crys-talline form. The monohydrated formof sodium carbonate is stable and there-fore preferred by most photographersfor accurate preparation of developingsolutions.

THE TIVIPORTANGEF A PRESERVATIVEIt is a characteristic of many photo-

graphic reducing agents in alkaline so-lutions to combine freely and easilywith oxygen. Because of this "hunger"for oxygen, alkaline solutions of the de-veloping agents spoil very quickly whenexposed to air. To increase their usefullife, to allow the developing agent to doits work on the exposed silver halide as



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desired, and to prevent the occurrenceof stains, a preservative must be addedto the developing solution.

Sodium sulphite is ordinarily used asthe preservative, though in developersprepared for stock in two solutions, pr-servatives which are slightly acid in so-lution such as sodium bisulphite and po-tassium metabisulphite are preferred.Because developing agents keep better inacid solution than in one which is alka-line, it is common practice to use one ofthese acid sulphites as the preservativein the developer part of the stock solu-tion. In single-solution developers, so-dium bisulphite is never used alone as apreservative since it neutralizes some ofthe alkali in the solution and would re-sult in softer development. One otherinteresting point about preservatives isthat in some cases the preservative per-forms a secondary function in the devel-oper. fn some fine-grain developers, forinstance, a large amount of sodium sul-phite is used to aid in keeping grain sizeat a minimum.

The fourth and final important com-ponent of the typical developing solutionis the restrainer, potassium bromide.This necessary constituent of the devel-oping solution acts as a "brake" on thechemical reaction of development andkeeps the operation under control. The6

action of the restrainer is such that anincrease in the concentration of potas-sium bromide in the developer tends toslow down or "restrain" the developmentof the photographic image. The concen-tration of potassium bromide in the solu-tion is obviously important, for too muchmay retard development excessively andindicate an apparent loss of speed whiletoo little may permit development of fog.

THE IMPORTANCEOF A SHORT STOPAs negatives or prints are removed

from the developing solution they carrywith them considerable amounts of al-kali and other chemicals which can con-taminate the fixing bath and interferewith its action. ffsed-up developer car-ried along with negatives and prints canalso cause troublesome stains if sornemethod is not used to stop developmentinstantly and completely. The best andmost reliable way of doing this is thewell-known short-stop bath of diluteacetic acid which neutralizes any alkaliremaining on negatives or prints and pre-vents contarnination of the fixing solu-tion. Yet it is surprising how manyphotographers still try to get along with-out this intermediate bath between de-velopment and fi,xation. It is true thatan acid fixing bath will give satisfactoryresults without the use of a preliminaryshort-stop bath, but its useful life is se-



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verely limited when a short-stop is notused.

Photographers frequently ask whyacetic acid is used for the short-stopbath and fi.xing bath instead of othercommon acids like hydrochloric or sul-phuric. The answer lies in the fact thata relatively large amount of acid mustbe available but the solution must notbe too strongly acid. Consequently acompound is used which is weak in acid-ity but which has available a highreserve of acid to neutralize alkali. Acorrespondingly larger amount of theweak acetic acid may therefore be usedthan could be used of a strong acid.

GOMPOSITIONAND FUNCTION OF THEFIXING BATH

The procedure of fixation is relativelysimple but it should be carried out withconsiderable care as it can be the sourceof much trouble when improperly han-dled. The photographic film negativeupon removal from the developing solu-tion is still sensitive to light, as it con-tains undeveloped silver salt in theshadow portions of the image. To makethe negative image permanent by re-moving this undeveloped silver salt, aswell as to make it clear and transparentfor printing, the action of the familiarfixing bath must be employed. Theprinciple constituent of the fixing soilu-tion is sodium thiosulphate, more com-

monly known as "hypo" (from its oldername of sodium hyposulphite), for insolution this useful chemical has theproperty of dissolving light-sensitive sil-ver salts. The method by which thesilver salt is removed is generally con-sidered as, first, a conversion to a solubledouble salt by the hypo, and second, thewashing out of this soluble salt withwater.

The conventional fixing solution gen-erally contains other chemicals in addi-tion to the hypo. Acetic acid is oftenincluded to aid in regulating the acid-ity of the fixing solution and to pre-vent stains. I{owever, a hypo solutioncontaining much acid is apt to precipi-tate sulphur, so another chemical, so-dium sulphite, is added to prevent thisunwanted reaction.

An additional component of the usualfixing bath is the hardening agent whichprevents frilling and softening of thegelatine emulsion. White potassiumalum (potassium aluminum sulphate) isusually employed for this pulposethough some photographers prefer potas-sium chrome alum used with a smallamount of sulphuric acid. Care must beused with chrome alum as the hardener,however, as it rapidly loses its strengthand is only truly effective when a freshsolution is used.

Fixing baths will seldom if ever give7



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trouble when properly prepared frompure chemicals. If a bath turns milkyafter preparation it indicates thatsulphur is precipitating because of toomuch or too strong an acid, too littlesulphite, too high a temperature of thesolution, or improper mixing. A milkyappearance of the bath during use is dueto the presence of excessalkali and indi-cates that the bath should be replaced.It is important not to overwork the fixingbath, because a nearly exhausted fixingsolution will not completely remove thesilver salts, and prints or negatives mayturn yellow or stain on aging. A gallonof standard strength fixing bath shouldfix roo 8 x ro" double-weight prints ortheir equivalent. When the bath frothsor foams it should be replaced. Manyphotographers have found a convenient,certain and economical method of insur-ing complete fixation lies in the use oftwo fixing solutions. .Fixing is carriedout first in the more used of the two bathsand finally in the fresher solution. Whenthe older bath becomes exhausted, thepartly used solution takes its place and afresh fixing bath is prepared for the sec-ond solution.

SUGGESTIONSFOR TROUBIE.FREE'VIIXING

The first and perhaps most importantpoint to follow in the preparation of solu-tions is that of using chemicals whichare "photographically pure." Cheap8

commercial grades of every chemicalused in photographic processes can beobtained, but many of them contain im-purities which are detrimental to perfectresults. Chemicals which are marked"C.P." (Chemically Pure) and thosewhich are marketed for photographicpurposes by reliable manufacturers arealways safe to use, and can be dependedupon. Chemicals marked U.S.p. maybe suitable if the amount of impuritypresent is known to be insignificant. Thiscan be determined by looking up theU.S.P. standards for the chemical inquestion by consulting the edition of theUnited States Pharmacopia, tenth edi-tion (1925) or eleventh edition (rggS)as indicated by the number X or XIwhich follows the U.S.P. on the chemicalcontainer label.

The second most important rule fortrouble-free solutions is perhaps that ofmixing all components of a solution inthe order listed in the formula. This isextremely important and lack of atten-tion to this point can easily result in theformation of precipitates which will notdissolve in the solution. A worth-whilecorollary to this rule is to wait until eachchemical is thoroughly dissolved beforeadding the next component of the solu-tion. In most single-solution developersthe preservative sodium sulphite is usu-ally added immediately after the devel-



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oping agent but before the hydroquinoneif this chemical is used. When two de-veloping agents such as metol and hy-droquinone are used, the addition isgenerally made in the order metol, sul-phite, hydroquinone. Flowever, withdeveloping agents like glycin, the sql-phite and carbonate are dissolved fi.rst'as the glycin dissolves with great dififr-culty otherwise.

A third important rule for any pho-tographer is to use the purest water ob-tainable. fnnumerable troubles in de-veloping and fixing have been traced toimpurities present in the water. Manyphotographers find it a wise decision touse distilled water for all stock solutions,adding tap water for dilution.

The time required for the preparationof processing solutions can be reducedmaterially by the use of hot water (aboutrz5o F.) as most chemicals dissolvemore rapidly in hot than in cold water.A convenient method of preparing one

quart of developer, for instance, is tostart with about z4-z8 ounces of hot wa-ter (r25" F.) and after the addition of allchemicals, to add sufficient cold water tobring the total volume up to 32 ounces.

Another point well worth remember-ing is that of weighing and measuringall quantities as closely as possible. Par-ticular care should be taken to avoiderrors in small quantities, as a ten-grainerror is obviously a very serious one ona fifty-grain quantity, while on a half-pound quantity it might not have harm-ful effects.

Finally and no less important for theorder in which it is mentioned, is thematter of temperature. The need foruniform regulation of temperature in allprocessing solutions, and the mainte-nance of temperatures as close as pos-sible to 65o Fahrenheit (r8" C. ) for filmdevelopment and to 7oo Fahrenheit(zro C.) for photographic prints, cannotbe over-emphasized.

I



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I N D E X T O A G F A F O R M U T A SAero-Film Developer: 3o.Commerciat Film Developerr: 6l , 72, go.Direct Copy and Direct Duplicating Film Developers: r7 , go, 77.Fine-Grain Developers: t2 , rS, 17.Ifigh Contrast Developer: 90.Lo w Contrast Developers: tZ , 42 .Pa p e r De ve lo p e rs : r0 3 , I0 6 , r ro , I 1 3 , I r5 , I 2 0 , r2 S , r3 0 , I3 5 .Positive Film Developers: 20, 22.Press Film Developers: rT, 47 , 64 ,Reproduction Film Developers: 70 , 79 , 8r .Tank Developen: t?, +5 , 47 .Tray Deve loper t : r5 , 40, 45 , 47 ,6 r , ro3 .Tropical Developer: 64.X-Ray Film Developer: 3().

A I P H A B E T I G A T I N D E XName ir{:Acid lfardening Fixer----- -_ zorAcid Short-Stop---Agfacolor Developer-_-- 96A_midol Paper Developer------_------_---__-_-r3Chrome Alum Fixer- ------_ o2Chrome Alum }fardening Bath_--------__-Chromium fntensifier----Developer fo r Bromide paper_------_---- t2SDirect Brown-Black paper Developer rroFarmer's Reducer-------Fine-Grain Borax Tank Developer_-_-_- 17Fine-Grain Tank Developer---.--_------__. r,Fine-Grain Tray Developer----_-_----__-_- 5Flattening Reducer-------Qlycin Developer--- 72Gllcin llvdrocuinone Developer for_ Bromide Paper--.---_--- -- r I5High Contrast M-H Tray Developer 90Ifydroquinone Caustic Developer------_. 7ollypo Aium Toner------------------------___---zzLong-life Reprolith Developer--_----_--_- grM- H Developer--.------------**--___-----_-----47M-H Positive Developer----------------_-_-20M-H Tank Developer---- 42M-H Title Developer--_- -. 22M-H Tray Developer---- 4oM-H Tray Developer---. 6rM-H Tray Developer---- ?7Mercury Intensifier----Monckhoven's Intensifier----Non-hardening Metabisulphite Fixer 2o3Paraformaldehyde Developer-_----_.------ 7gPinakryptol DesensitizersPyro Developer------------------------------------45Rapid M-H Tropical Developer_---_-__ 6+Reversing Bath------------Sepia Toner -- z2 lSoft-working Paper Developer---_--_----- zoIJniversal Film and Paper Developer to3[,fniversal Paper Developer------------------ 3oWarm-tone Developcr for ChloridePaper ----------------------------------------------o6Warm-toned Paper Developer-----------. r35X-Ray Developer---- 30

AAfaPagc IVo.2 6 1 22 5 r 52 0 1 72 2 2 02 6 2 22 5 3 02 9 4 02 4 4 22 2 4 52 7 4 7T 2 6 Ir r 6 4r r 7 o2 7 7 21 7 7 77 92 3 8 rr 9 g o1 6 9 63 0 r o 3r 9 1 0 6r 5T 2 I I O1 4 r r 31 3 I I 5r 3r 5 r 2 o1 7 r 2 52 8 r 3 02 8 r 3 52 7 2 O rr g 2 o 23o-3 I 2o31 4 2 2 r1 6 2 2 22 02 92 32 l2 42 t2 5r 3

N U M T R I C A T I N D E XNatne PaPe

Fine-Grain Tank Developer---------------- rrFine-Grain Tray Developer--------------- IrFine-Grain Borax Tank Developer---- 12M- H Cine Positive Developer------------ 12M- H Title Developer---- -- - 13X-Ray Developer---- 13M- H Tray Developer------------:------------. r3M- H Tank Developer-----------------------. r4Pyro Developer--- 14M- H Developer--- 15M- H Tray Developer---- - 15Rapid M-I{ Tropical Developer------- 16Hydroquinone Caustic Developer----.- r6Glycin Developer---- 17M-H Tray Developer---- -- t7Paraformaldehyde Developer---------------- r8Long-l i fe Reprolith Developer------------ r9High Contrast M-H Tray Developer-- r9Agfacolor Developer---- 20IJniversal Film and Paper Developer 2T\Marm-tonc Developer for Chloride

Paper----- - - - - - 2lDirect Brown-Black Paper Developer 22Amidol Paper Developer-------------------- 2zGlycin llydroquinone Developer fo rBromide Paper---------- -' 23Soft-working Paper Developer----.------. 13Developer for Bromide Paper------------ 24tlniversal Paper Developer---- 24Warm-toned Paper Developer-------.---. 25Acid Hardening Fixer----- -- 26Chrome Alum Fixer 26Non-hardening Metabisulphite Fixer 27Sepia Toner ----------------- 29l lypo Alum Toner------------------------------ 3o

t o



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AGFA FOR'NUtAS

AGFA T2FINE-GRAIN TANK DEVETOPER

This fine-grain formula keeps well and makes an excellent tank developer.Metric Avoirdupois

Hot WaterAgfa MetolAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. ..Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated.Agfa Potassium Bromide.Water to make

'Donot dilute for use.Develop 8 to rz minutes at 65" F. (r8" C.).

( r r5o F. or 52" C.) 75o cc.8 gramsr25 grams

5.75 grams2.5 gramsr liter

24 OUnCeSI oz, to gr.4 oz. 75 gr.85 grains36 grains32 OUnCes

3 quartsr oz.40gt.16* oz.

2 oz. to gt.I oz . 95 gt .r gallon

AGFA 15FINE.GR.AIN TRAY DEVETOPERThis is a vigorous, rapid tray developer, giving brilliant results.

MetricHot Water (re5" F..or Sz o C. )

Avoirdupois

Ag fa Me to l . . . . . . . . o . .Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous..Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. . . . . . . . .Agfa Potassium Bromide.Water to make

Do not dilute for use.For normal contrast develop 3 to S minutes at 650 F. (r8oFor greater contraet develop about 6 to ro minutes.

75o cc.8 gramsr2 5 grams

t4 gfamsr.5 gramsr liter

24 OUnCeSI oz. ro gr.4 oz. 75 gt.I oz. roo gr.aa grains

32 OunCeS

c.).

3 quartsI oz.40 gr .t6t, oz.t* oz. So gr.88 grainsr gallon

l l



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D E V E I . O P I N G F O R f i IU I A S

AGFA 17FINE-GRAIN BORAX TANK DEVETOPER

fn addition to its usefulness as a fine-grain developer, this formula is satisfactory for obtainingsoft gradation with Agfa Direct Copy Film, Agfa Direct Duplicating Film and portrait and presscut films. It is also recommended for motion picture negative development. This developermay be obtained in packaged form ready-to-use by ordering "Agfa Formula 17 Fine-GrainDeveloper." Formula 17 is a soft-working fine-grain developer.Metric Avoirdupois

Hot Wa te r ( r a5o F . o r 52" C . ) . . . . . 7 so cc .A g f a M e t o l . . . . . . . . . . . r . 5 g r a m sAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. .. ... .. 8o gramsAgfa Hydroquinone.Borax 3 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. .5 gramWater to make. . . . . . . . r l i ter

Do not dilute for use.

Hot Water ( ra5" F. or 52o C.) . .. . .75o cc.Agfa Metol. ... . 2. 2 gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous.. . ...... 8o gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 4.5 gramsBorax . . . . . r 8 g r amsWater to make. . . . . . . . r l i ter

24 ounces 3 quarts22 grainr 88 grainrzt oz.8o gr . to*oz.

4s gra ins loz.7ogr .45 gra ins loz.7ogt ,

7.5 grains So grains32 ounces r gallon

Development time at 650 F. (r8o C), ro to r5 minutes for fine-grain films, rz to zo minutesfor Direct Copy, Direct Duplicating, and portrait cut films.

AGFA I7E REPLENISHERAdd whenever necessary to keep tank up to full volume.

Metric Avoirdupois24 OUnCeS32 grainszL oz.8o gr .65 grains

*.o2. 45 gr .32 OUnCeS

3 quartsI oz. zo gt.rot ounces

* oz. 5o gr.z * oz .7s gr ,r gallon

This clean-working developeropment of positive film.

AGFA 20M.H POSITIVE DEVEIOPER.is recommended for normal contrast with tray or tank devcl-

Mattic AvoirdupoisHo t Water (ra5" F. or Sa " C.) . .. .. Z5o cc . 24 ounces 3 quartsAgfa Metol 2 grams 30 grains * oz. to gt.Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . zS grams I oz.4o gr . 3l oz.4o gr.Agfa Hydroquinone. + grams 6o grains 1;oz. zo gr.Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . .. ... . r8.5 grams * oz. 5o gr. a* ouncesAgfa Potassium Bromide. 2 grams 30 grainsWater tomake. . . ; . . . r r l i t e r 3a ounces

I oz. ro gr.r gallon

l 2Do not dilutc for use. Normal developingtime 3 to 4 minutes at 65o F. (r8'C.).



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D E V E I O P I N G F O R T U I U l A SAGTA 22

}t.H TITLEDEVELOPERThis formula is rccommended for tray or tank development of cine title film and positivefilm to obtain results of high contrast. MetficHot Water ( r25" F. or 52o C.) . . . . ,7so cc.Agfa Metol. ... . .8 gramAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . ... .. . 40 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 8 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . So grams

Avoirdupois24 ounces 3 quarts12 grains 52 grainsrl ounces S ounces

Agfa Potassium Bromide. .. S grams 75 grainsWater to make . . . . . .. . r l i t e r 32 Ounces

* oz. ro grs.r* ounces

I oz .4ogr .7 ounces4 oz. 8o grs,

r gallonDo not dilutc for use. Normal developing time 5 to g minutes at 6so F. (rg" c.).AGFA 3()

X.RAY DEVETOPER.This developer is recommended-for use with-Agfa-X-Ray Film and for use with Agfa DirectCopy Film and Direct,Duplicating Film when resultJof maxi-mum brilliance are desired. Aefa3o is also suitable for Agfa S. S. Pan-Aero film as it is clean-working, has long life ."a gi""s frGncontrast.

MetficH o t W a t e r ( r z 5 o F . o r 5 2 ' C . ) . . . . . 2 5 o c c .Agfa Metol. ... . 3. S gramsAg fa Sod ium Sulph i te , anhydrous . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . 6o g r amsAgfa Hydroquinone. g gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated.. .. 40 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. z gramsWater to make. .. . . . . . r l i terDo not dilute for use.

Avoirdupois24 ounces 3 quartsSo gr'ains I oz. 95 gr.2 ounces 8 ounces

* oz. ao gr, r oz. 8o gr.rl oz 4o gt. 5:l ounces30 grains * oz. ro gr.32 ounces r gallon

Normal development time at 65o F. (r8o C.), for X-}"y Film, 6 minutes, for Non-ScreenI-B.f Film 8 minutes, for Direct Copy Fiim and Direct ouiricating-rii*, 4 to 5 minutes, forS. S. Pan-Aero film ro-r5 minutes depending upon the brpe of devel6ping machini. ---r

AGFA 40I,I.H TRAY DEVETOPER

This is a brilliant Metol-Hydroquinone tray developer for roll, pack and cut film.Slocft SolutionMetric AvoirduwisHot Wa te r ( r a5o F . o r s2o C. ) . . . . .9oo cc .Agfa Metol. ... . 4. 5 gramgAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . ... .. . 54 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 2.5 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . 54 gramgAgfa Potassium Bromide. 3 gramsWate r t o make . . . . . . . . I l i t e rFor use dilute r part stock solution with z parts water.Development time 4 to S minutes at 650 F. (rg" C.). -

29 Ounces66 grains

r* o2.25 grs.* oz.r* oz.2s grs.

45 grains32 Ounces

3$ quartst o2.45 gri.7l ouncesr ounce71ouncesi[ oz.8o grs.r gallon

t 3



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D E V E I O P I N G F O R f r I U l A 5

m-HThis is a soft-working tank formula

MetricHot Water ( ra5o F. or 52" C.) . - . - .75o cc.Agfa Meto l . . . . . .8 gramAgfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. . . . . . . . . 45 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. r.2 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 8 gramsAgfa Potassium Metabisulphite. 4 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. r.5 gramsWater to make . . . . . . . . r l i t e r

Do not dilute for use.Develop r5 to zo minutes at 65" F. (r8" C.).

AGFA 42TANK DEVETOPERrecommended for pack, roll and portrait films.

Avoirdupois24 OtrnCeSrz grains

r* ounces18 grains

I oz. ro gr.59 grainszz grains32 OUnCeS

quartsgrainsouncesgrainsoz.40 gt .

$ oz. zo gt .grains'ga l lon

34767o

I

88I

AGFA 45PYRO DEVETOPER

This formula is recommended to those who prefer Pyro development. Stock solutions shouldbe kept in stoppered bottles.

Solution tMetric Avoirdupois

Agfa Sodium Bisulphite. .. 9.8 gramsAg fa Py r o . . ; . . . . . . . . . 6o g r amsAgfa Potassium Bromide. r. r gramsWater to make. . . . . . . . r l i ter

Solution zMetric

Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous- . .ro5 gramsWater to make. r liter

Solution 3Agfa Sodium Carbonate, rnonohydrated. . ' ' 85 gramswater to make. r liter

I o2.35 gr. t * o2.25 gr.2 ounces 8 ounces

16 grains 64 grains32 ounces r gallon

Avoirdupois31 ounces 14 ounces

32 ounces r gallon

a* ounceir32 OUnCes

rr ouncesr gallon

TANK DEVELoPMENT: Take one part each solutions r, a, 3 and add rr parts water.Normal development time, from 9 to ra minutes at 65 0 F. (r8'C.). TRAY DEVELOPMENT:Take r part each Solutions I, 2,3 and add 7 parts water. Normal development time' from 6 to 8minutes at 65o F. (rg" C.). Solutions will keep well when stored separately but final developershould be used immediately after mixing.l 4



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D E V E l O P I N G F O R M U I A S

This is a long-life,tank development. It

AGTA 47METOL HYDROGIUINONE EVEIOPER

(Formerly47o)

clean-working formula which will give excellentis a standard cut film developer.

MekicHot Water (ra5o F. or 52 " C.) . .. . .Z5o cc .Agfa Meto l . . . . . r .S gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. . . . . . . . . 45 gramsAgfa Sodium Bisulphite.. r gramAgfa Hydroquinone. 3 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 6 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. .8 gramWater to make. . . . . . . . r l i ter

For developing times below, do not dilut e for use.

results for eit-her

Avoirdupois

tray or

24 ounces 3 quartr22 grains 88 grainsrl ounces 6 ounces

15 grains 6o grains45 grains I oz.7o gr .88 grains I oz. zo gt.ra grains 47 grainsJz ounces r gallon

TANK DEVELOPMENT: Normal development time, 6 to 8 minutes at 65" F. (r8o C.) withoccasional agitation. TRAY DEVELOPMENT: Normal development time 5 to 7 minutes at6 5 " F . ( r 8 " C . ) .

AGFA 6I't,I.H TRAY DEVETOPER

This developer is recommended for use with commercial film to produce negatives of normalcontrast. It may also be used satisfactorily for roll, pack and cut film for negatives of averagebrill iance.

Mctric AvoirdupoisHot Water ( r25" F. or 52" C.) . : . . .7So cc. 24 ounces 3 quar tsAgfa Metol. .. . . r gram 15 grains 6o grainsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. rS grams ounce a ouncesAgfa Hydroquinone. 2 grams 30 grains il oz. ro gr.Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . r5 grams }ounce 2 ouncesAgfa Potassium Bromide. .. r gram 15 grains 6o grainsWater to make. . r liter gz ouncelr r gallon

Do not dilute for use. Normal development time, 4 to 6 minutes at 65oF. (r8'C.).t 5



16/32

D I V E I . O P I N G F O R M U I A S

AGFA 64RAPTD m-H (TROP|CAT) DEVE1OPER

This is a clean-working developer of particurar value for rapidat high temperatures.Metric

( tzso F. or s2" C.) . . . . . zso cc .2.5 grams

25 grams6.5 grams

16 gramsr gramr liter

Normal development time-3 to 4 minutes at 65o F. (rg" C.).z to 3 minutes at 85o F. (29. C.).

development or development

AvoirdupisHot WaterAgfa Metol.Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. ..Agfa Hydroquinone.Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. . . . . . . r . .Agfa Potassium Bromide.Water to make.

aDo not dilute for use.

24 Ounces36 grains

* oz. 4o grs.95 grains

4 oz. 15 grs.rS grains32 Ounces

3 quarts:[ o2.35 grs.

3I oz.4o grs.t oz. 55 gr.

2 oz .6o gr .6o grainsr gallon

HYDRoourNoi:til3r,.DEvEropER(Forrnerly7O o or pR-l)

This developer is recommended for Process film used in reproduction work.Solution t

MctricHo t Wa te r ( r z5o F . o r 52 ' C. ) . . . . .75o cc .Agfa Hydroquinone. .., 25 gramsAgfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . .. , 25 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. . . . . 25 gramsCold Water r fiter

Solution zCold Water . .. '* Agfa Sodium Hydroxide(Caustic Soda Flakes). . . 36 grams

Mix equal parts of solutions r and a immediately before use.Develop films within 3 rninutes at 65o F. (rg. C.).* May be substituted byPotassium Hydroxide . .. . 50 gramst 6

Avoirduwis24 ounces 3 quartst o z . 4 o g r . 3 I o z . 4 0 g r .t oz .4og r . 3 Ioz .4ogr .l o z .4og t . 3 toz .4ogr .

32 ounces r gallon

32 ounces r gallonr oz , go gr, 4* oz.3o gr.

r[ oz.8o gr. 6l ounces



17/32

D E V E I . O P I N G F O R M U L A S

AGFA 72GTYCIN DEVETOPER

This formula is recommended, for use with commercial films in reproduction work and is alsosuitable for development of roll, pack and cut film.

Sfock SolutionMetric Avoirdupois

Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. ..Agfa Potassium Carbonate ...25o gramsA g f a G l y c i n . . . . . : . . . . 5 0 g r a m sW a t e r t o m a k e . o r r r i . . . . : . . . . . . . . . r l i t e r

TANK DEVELOPMENT: Take one part stock solution,to 25 minutes at 650 F. (r8'C.). TRAY DEVELOPMENT:parts water and develop 5 to ro minutes at 65" F.(r8' C.).

4| ounces r lb. r oz.8} ounces z lb. z oz.t* oz.8o gr . 6* ounces

g2 ounces r gallonfifteen parts water and develop aoTake one part stock solution, four

,,."'J:lJ,.o,=*This formula is recommended for development of Direct Copy and Direct Duplicating Films

to obtain results of normal brilliance.S/ock Solution

Metric AvoirdupoisHo t Water (ra5o F. or S2o C. ) ZSo cc .Ag fa Me to l . . . . .Agfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. . . . . . . . . . .35 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 3 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . 30 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. r gramWater to make. r liter' For use dilute one part stock solution with one part water.

Normal developing time 5 minutes at 65" F. (rg. C.).

24 ounces 3 quarts75 gra ins t oz.75gt .r oz. ISgr . 4t oz.8o gr.

45 grains I oz.7o gr .r ouncc 4 Ounces15 grains 6o grains

32 ounces r gallon

l 7



18/32

D E V E T O P I N O ? O R f i I U I A 3

' AGEA 7e (TWO SOIUTION)PARAFORMAIDEHYDEDEVETOPER

This is a standard formula recommended for development of Reprolith and Reprolith OrthoFilms. Agf.a 79 may be obtained in packaged form ready-to-use by ordering "Paralith Developer."This developer has better keeping quality than when made in one solution.

Solution rMetric Avoirdupois

Water. . . .75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quartsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. I gram 15 grains 6o grainsAgfa Paraformaldehyde. .. . .. 30 grams r ounce 4 ouncesAgfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . . . . ro.5 grams I oz . 45 gt . rl oz.6o gr .W a t i r t o m a k e . . . . . . . . r l i t e r 3 2 o u n c e s r g a l l o n

Solution zWater. . . .75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quartsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . .. . .,tzo grams 4 ounces r poundAgfa Boric Acid. 30 grams r ounce 4 ouncesAgfa Hydroquinone.

n A g f a P o t a s s i u m B r o m i d e . . . . . . . . . . . 6 g r a m s 8 8 g r a i n s 2 o z . z o g t .Water to make. . 3 liters 96 ounces 3 gallons' For use mix one part Solution r with three parts Solution a.

Normal development time a to 3 minutes at 65 to Zoo F. (r8 to zro C.).

AGFA 79 (ONE sOlUf lON)PARAFORI'IATDEHYDE EVEIOPER

This single solution formula is recommended for greater convenience. For better keepingquality the two solution formula is preferred.2 , Metric AvoirdupoisWater . . .2ooo cc.Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . .. . .. ,z o gramsParaformaldehyde. 30 gramsAgfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . ro.5 gramsAgfa Boric Acid Crystals. . 30 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 90 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. .. 6 gramsWater to make. . . . . . . , 4 l i ters

64 ounces4 OUnCeSr ounce

I oz . 45 gr .I OUnCe3 OUnCeS88 grainsr gallon

Dissolve chemicals in the order given and use solution full strength. Normal developmenttime z to 3 minutes at 65 o to 7o o Fahrenheit (r 8 to zro C.).t 8



19/32

D E V E l O P I N G F O R M U I A S

AGFA 8IIONG.LIFE REPR,OTITH EVEI.OPER

This formula may be obtained in packaged form by specifying "Reprolith Developer." For-mula No. gr provides a single-solution developer of excellent keeping quality for the develop-ment of Reprolith Film.

Nletric AvoirdupoisHot Water ( r25" F. or 52 ' C.) . . . . .75o cc. 24 ouncesAgfa Hydroquinone. . . . 35 grams r oz' 70 gt 'A'gfa Soaium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . ... ... 55 grams r* ouncesAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . 8o grams z* ouncesAgfa citric Acid. 5.5 grams 8o grainsAgfa Potassium Bromide. .. . . ro grams it oz ' 35 gr 'Water to make. .. . ... . r l iter 32 ounces

3 quarts4* ounces7i ouncesro4 ouncesj[ ouncer;[ ounces

r gallon

Do hot dilute for use. Normal development time within 3 minutes at 65o F. (r8' C.).

AGFA 9(,HIGH CONTRAST 't'I.H TRAY DEVELOPER

This developer has been particularly designed for use with Commercial and Process films *to produce contrastY negatives.

Metric AvoirdupoisHo t Water (rz5o F. or 52 " C. ) 75 o cc 'Agfa Meto l . . . . . ' . 5 gramsf,gfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. 4t l gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 6 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 40 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. 3 ,gramsW a t e r t o m a k e . . . . ! . . - . . o . r . r l i t e r

Do not dilute for use.Normal development time, 4 to 6 minutes at 65" F' (r8" C')'

24 OuncesIS grainsrI oz.4o gr.88 grains

t I oz.4o gr .45 grains32 ounces

3 quartsI oz . 75 gr .5l ounces*, oz. zo gr .5l ouncesI oz. 7o gt.r gallon

I

* This developer may be adapted for high-contrast work with Printon Film by the additionof three grams of Potassilrm Bromide per liter developer (45 grains per 32 oz.) and. developmentof . z to 3 minutes at 65 " F. (r8' C.). t 9



20/32

D E V E T O P I N G F O R ' I I U I . A 5

AGFA 96AGFACOTOR DEVEIOPER

This formula may be obtained in bottled form ready-to-use by ordering ..Agfacolor Devel-oper"' rt is recommended for use with Agfacolor Plates and Agfacolor lJltra plates in preferenceto all other formulas.Metric Avoirdupois

Agfa Meto l . . . , r .Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. ..Agfa Hydroquinone.Agfa Potassium Broriride. .. . ...A m m o n i a , . 9 r S . G . ( " 5 7 o b y w e i g h t ) . : . . . . . . . . .Water to make

48 grains I oz.8o grs.* oz.4ogrs. S* oz.4o grs.rS grains 6o grains22 grains 8g grains

a drams g drams32 ounces r gallon

3.3 grams2s grams

r gramr.5 grams7.5 ccm.

r liter

' rf hot water is used for dissolving chemicals solution should be cooled before adding Am-monia' Do not dilute for use' Normal development time with Agfacoror plates 3 minutes; withAgfacolor Ultra plates 4 minutes at 65" F. (rg" C.).

REVERSINGBATHThis formula is recommended for use with Agfacolor prates.

Sfock SolutionMetric Avoirdupois

Water r literAg fa Po tass ium Bich r oma te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 g r amsConcentrated Sulphuric Acid. roo cc.For use take ro parts water and to this add one part stock solution. Of the dilute solutionthus obtained, about z oz. will be required for one 3* x a1 plate. The tcmperature should not beallowed to go higher than 65o F. (r8o c.), as the emulsion may otherwise leave the plate.

20

32 Ounces13 ounces3* ounces



21/32

D E V E T O P I N G F O R M U I , A S

AGFA TO3UNIVERSAT FIt't[ AND PAPER DEVEIOPER

(Former lyN- lO3, tThis formula may be used both as a developer for film and as a

Brovira papers when cold, blue-black tones are desired. It may beordering Agfa ro3 Developer.

Slock SolutionMetf ic

Hot Wa te r ( rz5o F . o r 52 'C. ) . . . .75o cc .Agfa Meto l . . . . . 3 .5 gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . . . . .., 57 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. .. , rr.5 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. , 78 gramsAgfa Potassium Brgmide. r.2 gramsWater to make . . . . { . . r l i te r

developer for Convira andhad in package form by

Avoirdupois24 OUnCeS5o grainsr*, oz.50 gr .

t oz . 55 gr .. zL o2 .35 g r .r8 grains32 OUnCeS

3 quarts], oz. 95 gr .7i ouncesrl ounces

rotr ounces72 grains

r gallonFILM: Dilute one part stock solution with two parts water. Normal development time 5

minutes at 650 F. ( r8 'C.) .For Convira or Brovira, and similar contact and bromide papers dilute r part stock solution

with z parts water. Develop t to {f minutes at 7o" F. (zr" C.).For slower, softer fevelopment of Brovira clilute r to 4, Develop r/2 to 3 minutes, atZ o oF . ( z r ' C . ) .

AGFA 106vl|ARfiI-TONE DEVETOPERFOR. CHIOR,IDE PAPER

(Former lyN-86)This developer is recommended for producing pronounced warm, olive-black tones with Con-

vira and other Chloride Papers.Metric Avoirdupois

Hot Water ( ra5o F. or s2o C.) . . . . .ZSo cc.Agfa Metol. .. . . .Z gramAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . rr.5 gramsAgfa Hydroquinone. 3.S gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. ... ro gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. 2.4 gramsWater to make . . . . . . . . r l i te r

Do not dilute for use.Normal development time, r minute at 7o" F. (zr'C.).

24 ounces 3 quartsro.5 grains 4a grains* oz .6o g r . r * oz .20 g t ,

50 grains I oz. 95 gr.I oz . g5 gr . xl oz.3o gr .

35 grains * oz.3o gt .32 ounces r gallon

2 l



22/32

D E V T t O P t N O ? O n m u t A g

AGFA IT ODIRECTBROWN.BTACK PAPER DEVELOPER

(Formerty - lO)Beautiful warm tones may be obtained with this developer on both contact and projectionpapers.

Sfock SolufionMetric Avoirdupois

Ho t Wa te r ( ra5" F . o r S2oC. ) . . . . .75o cc .Agfa Hydroquinone. .. . 22.5 gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. . . . . . . . , ST gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. a. . ... .. , 75 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. . . . . i . 2 .75 gramsWater to make. .. . . . . . r l iter

For use dilute one part stock solution with 5 parts water.

24 ounces 3 quafts* ounce g ouncegr2 oz. So gr . 7* ouncesz* oz. ro ounces40 grains I oz.5o gr .32 ounces r gallon

Give prints 3 to 4 times normal exposure and develop from S to Z minutes at 7ooF. (zr" C.).

AGFA II 3A'I,IIDOL PAPER DEVETOPER

(FormertyAM-3). This formula is intended for tray development only and nzusf be mixed tresh each time. ftii recommended only for small lots of prints.

Metric AvoirdupoisAgfa Amidol . . . . 6 .6 gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. . . . . . . . , 44 gramgAgfa Potassium Bromide. .S5 gramWater to make. . . . . . . . r l i ter

96 grainsr I oz.9o gr .8 grains

32 OuncesDo not dilute for use. If hot water is used for dissolving chemicale the sodium sulphite andpotassium bromide should be dissolved first and the amidol added only after the solution hascooled.Develop r to e minutes at 7oo F. (zro C.).22



23/32

a

D E V E I O P I N G F O R M U L A S

AGFA II 5GTYCIN.HYDROOUINONE DEVELOPER

(FormerlyB-15)This is a warm-tone developer suitable for fndiatone, Portrait Enlarging, Brovira and other

projection papers.Sfock Solution

Metric AvoirdupoisHot Water ( r25" F. or 5zo C.) . . . . .75o cc'Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . .. . . . 90 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. .r5o gramsA g f a G l y c i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 g r a m sAgfa Hydroquinone. 9.5 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. + gramsW a t e r t o m a k e . . . . e . . . . . . . . . r l i t e r

For use, dilute r part stgck solution witJ: 3 parts of water.Normal development time, 2* to 3 minutes at 7o" F. (ar" C.).

24 OUnCeS3 OUnCeS5 OunCeSr ounce

I oz . 3o gr .6o grains32 OUnCeS

3 quarts12 ouncesrlb. 4 oz ,4 OUnCeSr* oz. ro gr .12 z. zo gr.r gallon

AGFA I2 Oiorr-wonKrNc PAPER DEvEtoPER

This is a soft-working develoPer,is required.

MetricH o t W a t e r ( r 2 5 " F . o r 5 2 ' C . ) . . . . . 7 5 o c c .Agfa Meto l . . . . . r2 .3 gramsAgfa Sodium Sulphi te , anhydrous. .. . . . . . . 36 gramsAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . 36 gramsAgfa Potassium Bromide. r. 8 gramsWater to make. .. . . . . . r l i ter

For use, dilute r part stock solution with z parts water.Normal developing time, ri to 3 minutes at 7oo F. (zr" C.).

(Former lyB-20)primarily intended for portrait work where soft gradation

Sfocft SolutionAvoirdupois

24 Ouncesl, oz. jo gr,

I 02.88 gr.t o2.88 gr.

27 grains32 Ounces

3 quartsr i oz .6o g r .4l ounces4t ounces

i ouncer gallon

2 3



24/32

D E V E I O P t N G F O N T i U T A S

AGFA I2 5DEVELOPER OR BROIIIDE PAPER

(FormertyB-5)This formula is rec-omme-nded -for development of Brovira and other projection papers. Itmav be obtained in package form by ordering Agfa ra5 D;;bp;;. --_--

Sfoc/< SolutionMetf ic Avoirdupois

Hot Water ( re5" F. or 52" C.) . . . . .25o cc. 24 ounces 3 quar tsAgfa Metol. .. . . 3 grams 4s grains I i" . 7o grs,Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . 44 grams r* ounces 6 ouncesAgfa Hydroquinone. r2 grams * oz.6o grs. r* oz.2o grs.Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated.Agfa Potassium Bromide. 2 grams 3., grains f oz. rogrs.Water to make. r liter 32 ounces r gallon. ^{ot use, dilute r part stock solution with e parts water. Develop I to 2 minutes at 7oo F.( z r ' C . ) .For softer and slower development dilute r to 4, and devel op ry2 to 3 minut$ at ?oo F.( z r ' C . ) .For greater brilliance, shorten the exposure slightly and lengthen the development time.For greater softness, lengthen the exposure slightly-ani sfrort"., -the development'time.

AGFA I3 OUNIVERSAI PAPER DEVETOPER

This formula is a universal developer for all projection and contact papers. It gives richblack tones with excellent brilliat"" "trld detail. Agti r3o provides unrrsuil iatitude in- develop-ment and is clean-working even with long developing times-.S/ocft SolutionMetf ic Avoirdupois

I{ot water (rr5'F. or 5a o C. ) . .A g f a M e t o l . . . .Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous . ..Agfa HydroquinoneAgfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydratedAgfa Potassium Bromide . .Ag fa Glyc in . . . .Water to make.

75o cc. 24 ounces2.2 grams 32 grainsSo grams r* ouncesrr grams I oz. 5o grs.78 grams ei ounces

S.5 grams 8o grainsrr grams i[ oz. 5o grs.r liter 32 ounces

3 quartsI oz. zo gra.6* ouncesr* ounces

ro* ouncesil ounce

r1 ouncesr gallon

this case doeshe prepared stock solution is clear but slightly colored. The coloration innot indicate the developer has deteriorated or is-unfrt for use.For use dilute r part stock solution with r part water.Normal developjng time_at_7oo F. (z:o C.) for Brovira and Portrait Enlarging 2 to 6 minutes,for Indiatone, Convira and professionai Cyko r* to 3 minutes.Greater contrast can be obtained by using the developer stock solution full strength. Softerresults can be obtained by diluting r part ltock solution *iif, e paiis-watet.24



25/32

D E V E 1 O P E R SA N D S H O R T S T O P S

AGFA T35WARM.TONED PAPER DEVIIOPER

(Former lyW-5)This formula may be obtained in packaged form ready-to-use by ordering W-5 Developer.

This developer is recommended for rich, warm-black tones with chloride and bromide papers.Stock SolutionMetric Avoirdupois

Hot Water ( ra5o F. or 52" C.) . . . , , 7So cc. 24 ounces 3 quar tsAgfa Metol. . ;. . r.6 grams 24 grains g6 grainsAgfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . 24 grams t oz. zo grs. g* oz.Agfa Hydroquinone. . 6.6 grams g6 grhins * oz. 6o grs.Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 24 grams *oz.2ogrs. 3*oz.Agfa Potassium Bromide. 2.8 grams 40 grainsWater to make. r liter 32 OunCeSl[ oz. 5o grs.r gallon

For use, dilute r part stock solution with r part water. A properly exposed print will befully developed at 7o" F. (zro C.) in about 11 to z minutes. Complete development may beexpected to take slightly longer with rough-surfaced papers than with semi-glossy or luster-sur-faced papers. For greater softness, dilute the bath with water up to eqiral quantities of devel-oper and water. To increase the warmth, add bromide up to double the amount in the formula.The quantity of bromide specified in the formula, however, assures rich, warm, well-balancedtbnes.

ACID SHORT.STOPBATH, This solution is recommended for use between developer and fixer, to prevent staining offilm negatives and prints. Metfic AvoirdupoisAcetic Acid z87o . : .. .. 45 cc . r$ ouncesWater to make. . r liter 32 ounces

Glacial Acetic Acid (gq.S/o) oray be diluted to the z8/o concentration by mixing three partsof Glacial Acetic Acid with eight parts of water.

CHROME AIU'IA HARDENING BATHThis bath may be used in place of the regular acetic acid short-stop to give additionalhardening to film. It is particularly desirable in hot weather, for tropical development, and fornegatives which have to be enlarged wet. Metric Avoirdupois

Agfa Potassium Chrome AlumWater r liter 32 ouncesFilms should be agitated thoroughly when immersed in the solution. Maximum hardeningwill be obtained with about three minutes treatment.The solution should be used fresh as it does not keep well. Formation of a greenish sludgeis an indication that the solution should be replaced by a fresh bath.

If the Chrome Alum used is such that a sludge is formed when the bath is first used an addi-tion of concentrated Sulphuric Acid (a cc. per liter or * dram per 32 ounces) can be made to thesolution to overcome this condition.25



26/32

F t x t N G F O n m u l A S

AGFA 2O IACID HARDENTNGFIXER

This hardening fixing bath for use with cither film or paper may be stored indefinitely andused repeatedly until exhausted. If thc fixing bath froths, turns cloudy, or takes longer than rominutes to fix out completely, it must be replaced by a fresh solution.Solution rMetric Avoirdupois

Hot Wa te r ( r r 5 "F . o r 52 'C. ) . . . . . 5oo cc . 16 ounces | ga l l onHypo t . . . . . . . .24o g r ams 8 ounces e poundtSolution z

Hot wa te r ( t r so F . o r s2 ' c . ) . . . . . . . . . . . r so cc . s ounces 20 ouncesAgfa sodium sulphite, anhydrous. .. rs grams I ounce a ouncesAce t i c Ac id (287o) . . . . . . . : . . 45 cc . r1 ounces 6 ouncesAgfa Potassium Alum .. rS grams * ounce z ouncesAdd Solution a to r and add water to make. .. ., . r liter sz ounces r gallon

Dissolve chemicals thoroughly in order given and stir rapidly while adding solution a tosolution r. Glacial Acetic Acid may be diluted to zgTo concentration by adding 3 par6 of acid to gparts of water. Do not dilute for use. Normal fixing time 5 to ro minutes at 65 to 7o" F. (r8 toe r o C . ) . . .

AGFA 2O 2CHROI'IE ALUM FTXER

This hardening fixing bath for use with films in hot weather should be used fresh, as it doesnot retain its hardening actionSolution z

Metric AvoirdupoisHot Water ( rz5o F. or 52 ' C.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .5 i ters go ouncesHypo. . . .960 grams a poundsAgfa Sodium Sulphite.. . .. . 6o grams z ouncesWater to make. . 3 literc 96 ounces

Solution zWater r liter 32 ouncesAgfa Potassium Chrome Alum. ..... 6o grams z ouncesSulphuric Acid C.P. 8 cc. I ounce

Slowly pour Solution I into Solution r while rapidly stirring the latter. Do not dilute foruse. Do not dissolve tJ:e Chrome Alum at a temperature higher than r5oo F. (66" C.). Alwaysrinse filmr thoroughly before fixing. Normal fixing time 5 to ro minutes at 65o F. (rg'C.).26



27/32

fFIXING AND REDUCIN@ OR TUIAS

AGFA 2O3NON.HARDENING I'IETABISUTPHITE IXER

This fixing bath is recommended for use when hardening is not desired. It is highly de-sirable for accuracy of registration in color work with Printon Film.

Metric AvoirdupoisHypo . . . r9oo gramsAgfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . .. . 27o gramsWater to make. 4 liters

4 pounds9 OUnCeSr gallon

The Metabisulphite should be added only when the Hypo solution is cool. Do not dilutefor use. Normal fixing time 5 to ro minutes at 65 " F. (r8'C.).

This is a cutting reducer forincreasing their contrast. . ft is

FARINER'SREDUCERlessening the density of heavy negatives and at the same timeespecially valuable for reproduction films to clear the whites.

Avoirdupois8 ounces

32 ounces

I oz. 55 gr.8 ouncesparts water. Solutions r

Solution tMetric

F { y p o . . . . . ; . . . . . 2 4 o g r a m sWater to make. . r liter

Solution zAgfa Potassium Ferricyanide. .. . ... rg gramsWater to make. .25o cc.

For use mix one part Solution a and four parts Solution r in 3zand a should be stored separately and mixed immediately before use.

FTATTENING REDUCERThis reducer is useful for lessening the density and contrast of heavy negatives.

Solution zMettic Avoirdupois

Agfa Potassium Ferricyanide. .. . ... 35 gramtAgfa Potassium Bromide. ro gramsWater to make. . r liter

t 02.75 grs.I oz.4o gts.

32 OuncesBleach in Solution r and after thorough washing, redevelop to desired density and contrast in

Agf.a 47 or other negative developer except fine-grain developers. fhen fix and wash in usualrnanner. Conduct operation in subdued light.27



28/32

INTENSIFYING FORfiIUIAS

IIERCURY INTENSIFIERThis intensifier is recommended for increasing the printing density of tfiin, flat negatives.

Metfic AvoirduwisAgfa Potassium Bromide. ro grams{'Mercuric Chloride. .. ro gramsWater to make. r fiter I

I oz.35 gr.I o2.35gr.32 Ounces

Do not dilute for use. Negatives to be intensified must be very tfioroughly washed first oryellow stains may result on the intensified negative. Immerse negatives in above solution untilthoroughly bleached to the base of the film and then wash in water containing a few drops ofhydrochloric acid. Redevelop bleached negatives in s/o Sodium Sulphite or any standarddeveloper. Surface scum which forms during storage of the bleaching solution does not affectthe bleacher but should be removed before using the solution.* Poison-Danger.

. 'YIONCKHOVEN'S NTENSIFIER

rhis rormura gives very srea:i::"H::::t::rt::*. ror rine drawing and harrtoncreproduction work.Solution z

Metdc AvoirdupoisAgfa Potassium Bromide.x Mercuric Chloride.Water to make

Solution zCo ld Water . , . . . . . . . . A r l i te r* Potassium Cyanide. .. , 23 gramsAgfa Silver Nitrate. .. , 23 grams

23 gfams23 gramsr liter

I ounceI ounce32 Ounces

32 OUnCest ounceI ounceThe silver nitrate and the potassium cyanide should be dissolved in'separate lots of water,and the former added to the latter until a permanent precipitate is produced. The mixtureis allowed to stand r5 minutes, and after filtering, forms Solution a.Place negatives in Solution r until bleached through, then rinse and place in Sdlution z. Ifintensification is carried too far, the negative may be reduced with a weak solution of hypo.* wARNTNG-Because of the deadly poisonous nature of this intensifier, it chould be usedwith care and bottles containing it should be suitably marked. Never mix cyanide solutions withacids or use them in poorly ventilated rogrrls. Discard wqste solutions inlo running wafeg.2E



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INTENSIFYING AND TONINC FOR'IIUIAS

GHR,O'IIIUftT NTENSIFIERThis formula is recommended because it is *"""T:;;' '." and sive;"T;;:it results'

Agfa Potassium Bichromate. . . . . . . . . . . . . ' | , * , . - " * t - - t " "Hydrochloric Acid. 6 cc ' r'6 dramsWater to make. r liter 32 ounces

Immerse negatives in this solution until bleached, wash for 5 minutes in running water,and redevelop in bright but diffused light in a Metol Hydroquinone developer such as AgfaNo. +?. Negatives should then be given a r5-minute wash before drying. Intensification maybe repeated for increased effect.

If any blue coloration of the film base is noticeable after intensification, it may be easilyremoved by washing the film for two or three seconds in water containing a few drops of ammonia,in a S7o solution of potassium metabisulphite, or in a 57o solution of sodium sulphite. Thistreatment should be followed by a thorough washing in water.

AGFA 22ISEPTATONER

- This toner is recommended for warm-brown sepia tones.Solution t

Metric AvoirdupoisroTo Potassium Ferricyanide Solution ....5oo cc.ro /sPotass ium Br omide So lu t i on . . . . . . . . . roo cc .ro% Sodium Carbonate Solution. .. .2oo cc.Water .. .2oo cc .

Do not dilute for use.Solution z

17* fluid oz.3] fluid oz.7 fluidoz.7 flwidoz.

14 ounces16 ouncesAgfa Sodium Sulphide.

.. . .. . 45 gramsWate r t o make . . , . . . . . 5oo cc .

For use as described b'elow, dilute one part solution z with eight parts water.IMFORTANT-Be sure to use Sodium Sulphide, not Sodium Sulphite, in compounding tJre Re-Developer. Also, use clean trays, free from exposed iron spots, especially with Bleaching Bath.Otherwise blue spots may form on prints.

. Prints should be washed thoroughly and then bleached in Solution r until the black imase isconverted to a very light brown color (about r minute). Prints should then be washed for ro to15 minutes and redeveloped in diluted Solution z.

Redevelopment should be complete in about r minute. After redevelopment the prints shouldbe washed for about 3o minutes and then dried. If the toner should leave sediment whichresults in streaks or finger marks on the surface of the paper tJre print should be immersed fora few seconds in a S7o solution of acetic acid. A washing of about ro minutes after this procedureis necessary.

2 9



30/32

TONING AND DESENSITIZINCFORMUIAS

AGFA 222HYPO AIUM TONER

Thic toner is recommended for beautiful reddish-brown tones.Solution t Metric

WaterHypo.Solution zW a t e r . . . r . . . . . . . . . . 3 . , c c .Agfa Silver Nitrate. r] grams

: solution 3Water . . . . 30 cc .Agfa Potassium fodide. .. . a| grams

Avoirdupois8o ouncesr5 ounces

r ounceeo grains

r ounce4o grains

Add Solution a to Solution r. Then add Solutigr : to the mixture. Finally add ro5FrqTs (3* ounces) of Agfa Potassium Alum to this soluti6n, and heat ihe entire bltn to ttoboiling point, or until sulphurization^ takes place (indicated by a milky appearance of the solu-tion). To-ne prints zo to 6o minutes in this bath ai tto-irlt"r- (;t-ir"'6i--X*io.!'-printsoccasionally until toning is complete.Care should be taken to see that the blacks are fully converted, before removing the printsfrom the toning bath, otherwise double tones may result.

PINAKRYPTOT GREEN DESENSITIZERThis solution is not recommended for hi{h speed panchromatic films.

S/ocft SolutionMetric

Pinakryptol Green. r gramx Water to make. .. . .,5oo cc .

Avoirdupois15 grarns16 ounces

For use dilute one part stock desensitiing-solution with ten parts water. rmmerse films intotal darkness for two minutls--at 65o r. (ra' i.). o".'"t"p-d; ;; t ;h"n'be car.ied out-in brightred light. (Agfa Safetight Filter No. ro7 with a ,Sl*.ti 6;;i: - ---.-

The same stock solution,may be used, if preferred,- directly in the developer in the propor,tion: desensitizer: on-e part, deveioper-: thi;tv i";a; -After tw6 *irr"Lr; development in totaldarkness, bright rcd light may be used as .Uorre.. * It:" of a 5o-5o water-alcohol mixture for golution will improve the keeping qualities of thcdesensitizer.30



31/32

D E S E N S I T I Z I N G F O N M U L A S

PINAKRYPTOTYELTOW DESENSITIZERMetric

Pinakryptol Yellow. r gram* Water to make.

Avoirdupois15 grarrul32 OtrnCeS

Use without dilution at a temperature of 65o F. (r8'C.). Immerse films in total darknessfor two minutes. Orthochromatic frlm and Agfacolor Plates may then be handled in bright redlight (Agfa Safelight Filter No. ro7 with z5-watt lamp), panchromatic film and Agfa Ultra ColorPfates in bright g]een light (Agfa Safelight Filter No. ro3 with z5-watt lamp). PinakryptolYellow desensitizer should be used as a separate bath and not mixed with the developer.* IJse of a 5o-5o water-alcohol mixture for solution'will improve the keeping qualities of t-hedesensitizer.

- .SOFT _MEDIUM -HARD E}ffRA HARDSTNGLEErGHr -ri"1'$l:'j" n:j::,'*:'n["T.liJ:,.**m*^Glossy z43r 7+g2 7433 74g4velvet 75rt 7512 7513 75'.4DOUBLEVEIGHTGlossy Togr 7o3z Zo33Velvet 72rr ?zr2 lzrg 72'.4Matte White ZoSr ToSz 7oS3 7oS4Silk White Trrr 7rr2Royal White TzSr 7252 7253 ?zS4Crystal White 7r7r 7172 Ir73Porcelain White Trgr 7lg2 -:Kashmir White 7z61 7z6z 726gKashmir Ivory 7271 7272 7273

3 l



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In ordering chemicals be sure to specify AGFA "Laboratory-Tested" Chemicals. Prepared especially for photographic use,. Agfa Chemicals are clean, free running, easily soluble and of highestpurity. Consult catalog P-S6 or price list P-rz for complete listingof Agfa Photographic Chemicals.

If you prefer the convenience and time-saving advantages ofprepared developers, ask your dealer for AGFA prepared develop-ers and fixers. Supplied in several sizes, these prepared chemicalsare ready-mixed and need only to be dissolved in water to makethem ready for use. The following are a few of the preparationsavailable:

AGFA 17 (Fine-Grain) DeveloperAGFA r7A Replenisher

' AGFA 47 Developer" AGFA 47A ReplenisherAGFA ro3 (N-ro3) Developer for Film and PaperAGFA ra5 (B-S) Paper Developer

, AGFA r3S (W-5) Paper DeveloperAGFA 3ao Deep'Tank DeveloperAGFA 32oA Deep-Tank ReplenisherAGFA Acid HypoAGFA Rapid FixerAGFA RodinalAGFA Direct Sepia TonerAGFA Brovira TonerAGFA Mercury Intensifier

A G F A A N S C O C O R P O R A T I O NB I N G H A M T O N , N . Y .

32Pl9 -98-20 1 [ : . r . M.REG.


agfa formulas for photographic use - year unknown

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