agent-based modeling & python @ pydata dc 2016
TRANSCRIPT
Agent-Based Modeling & Python
By Jackie Kazil DC, Oct. 8, 2016
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PSF
PyLadies
WDSDC
Data Community DC
PIFF
Byte Back
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PyData 2016 DC host and sponsor
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Class of 2019?
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Overview1. What Agent-based modeling (& Complexity)2. Background in Agent-based modeling tools3. Modeling in Python using Mesa4. Future of Mesa
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AGENT-BASED MODELS!An Overview of Applications
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AGENT-BASED MODELS!ABMsMASGame theoryCellular automataMicrosimulationIndividual-based modelsComplex Simulations
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What is agent-based modeling?Computer simulationConsisting of agents... interacting with one another... in order to study an overall system
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Components of a modelSpace
Agents
Time
Visualization (not required)
Conway’s Game of Life
Source:Wikipedia user LucasVB,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gospers_glider_gun.gif
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Schelling Segregation Model
Source:Case, “Parable of the Polygons”http://ncase.me/polygons/
Source:Schelling, 1971. “Dynamic Models of Segregation.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology.
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Why ABMs?Flows: evacuation, traffic, and customer flow management.
Markets: stock market, shopbots and software agents, and strategic simulation.
Organizations: operational risk and organizational design.
Diffusion: diffusion of innovation and adoption dynamics.
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Why ABMs?ABMs capture the path as well as the solution, so one can analyze the system’s dynamic history.
Most social processes involve spatial or network attributes, which ABMs can incorporate explicitly.
When a model (A) produces a result (R), one has established a sufficiency theorem, meaning R if A.
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Why ABMs?Individual behavior is nonlinear; characterized by thresholds, if-then rules, or nonlinear coupling
Individual behavior exhibits memory, path-dependence, or temporal correlations, including learning and adaptation
Agent interactions are heterogeneous; can generate network effects --> lead to deviations from predicted aggregate behavior
Predator-Prey Dynamics
Source:Wilensky, U. (1997). NetLogo Wolf Sheep Predation model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/WolfSheepPredation. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
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Political Dynamics
Source:Cederman et al. “GeoSim Framework.” http://www.icr.ethz.ch/research/geosim
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Migration Modeling
Source:Gulden et al. 2011, “Modeling Cities and Displacement through an Agent-Based Spatial Interaction Model,” Computational Social Science Society of America Conference
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Epidemiological Simulation
Source:Los Alamos National Laboratory, OPPIE epidemiological model.http://www.lanl.gov/projects/mathematical-computational-epidemiology/agent-based-modeling.php
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Open Source ABM Library Ecosystem
MIMOSE (Micro-und Multilevel Modelling Software) [53]GAMA [28]
ABLE (Agent Building and Learning Environment) [2]Jason (Jason:Interpreter for extension of AgentSpeak) [40]MAS-SOC (Multi-Agent Simulations for the SOCial Sciences) [51]Brahms [11]ECHO [22]FLAME [25]FLAME GPU [26]Construct [13]MOOSE(Multimodeling Object-Oriented Simulation Environment) [55]Jade’s sim++SimBioSys [68]SimPack [69]DeX [20]
LSD (Laboratory for Simulation Development)[45]iGen [31]FLUXY [27]MASS (Multi-Agent Simulation Suit) [50]FramsticksSimPlusPlus [66]Descartes[19]
A3 / AAA (Agent Anytime Anywhere) [1]ADK (TryllianAgent Development Kit)[4]AOR Simulation[6]Ascape [8]BDI4Jade [9]Cougaar[15]CybelePro[17]FAMOJA(Framework for Agent-based MOdelling with JAva) [24]ICARO-T [32]JABM [34]JADEJAS-mine [38]
JASA (Java Auction Simulator API) [39]jES (Java Enterprise Simulator) [42]jEcho [43]MASON [49]Moduleco [54]
MASS (Multi-Agent Simulation Suit) [50]FramsticksSimPlusPlus [66]Descartes[19]
A3 / AAA (Agent Anytime Anywhere) [1]ADK (TryllianAgent Development Kit)[4]AOR Simulation[6]Ascape [8]BDI4Jade [9]Cougaar[15]CybelePro[17]FAMOJA(Framework for Agent-based MOdelling with JAva) [24]ICARO-T [32]JABM [34]JADEJAS-mine [38]
JASA (Java Auction Simulator API) [39]jES (Java Enterprise Simulator) [42]jEcho [43]MASON [49]Moduleco [54]netLogoJIAC [64]Sugarscape [71]VSEit [74]Xholon [75]D-OMAR(Distributed Operator Model Architecture) [21]RepastJanus [37]EVE [23]JCA-Sim [41]Boris[12]MaDKit (Multi Agent Development Kit)[46]SwarmAnyLogicJESS [44]Insight Maker [33]AgentBuilder [5]TerraME[72]MacStarLogoMAGSY [47]MAML (Multi-Agent Modeling Language) [48]AgentService [7]OBEUS (Object Based Environment for Urban Simulation) [56]OpenOME [58]Behaviour Composer (Rich Internet Application building on NetLogo) [10]NetLogoSpatial Modeling Environment(SME) [70]JAMEL (Java Agent-based MacroEconomic Laboratory) [35]PS-I (Political Science-Identity)[60]
Altreva Adaptive Modeler [3]oRIS [59]SimAgent (alsosim agent) [67]DigiHiveMesa [52]DALI[18]
Insight Maker [33]AgentBuilder [5]TerraME[72]MacStarLogoMAGSY [47]MAML (Multi-Agent Modeling Language) [48]AgentService [7]OBEUS (Object Based Environment for Urban Simulation) [56]OpenOME [58]Behaviour Composer (Rich Internet Application building on NetLogo) [10]NetLogoSpatial Modeling Environment(SME) [70]JAMEL (Java Agent-based MacroEconomic Laboratory) [35]PS-I (Political Science-Identity)[60]
Altreva Adaptive Modeler [3]oRIS [59]SimAgent (alsosim agent) [67]DigiHiveMesa [52]DALI[18]BreveSeSAm (Shell for Simulated Agent Systems) (fully integrated graphical simulation environment) [63]Cormas(Common-pool Resources and Multi-Agent Systems) [14]
SDML (Strictly Declarative Modeling Language) [61]SoarStarLogoOpenStarLogoStarLogo TNGStarLogoT
SEAS (System Effectiveness Analysis Simulation) [62]GPU Agents [29]GROWlab [30]AgentSheetsVisualBots [73]ZEUS [76]
MIMOSE (Micro-und Multilevel Modelling Software) [53]GAMA [28]
ABLE (Agent Building and Learning Environment) [2]Jason (Jason:Interpreter for extension of AgentSpeak) [40]MAS-SOC (Multi-Agent Simulations for the SOCial Sciences) [51]Brahms [11]ECHO [22]FLAME [25]FLAME GPU [26]Construct [13]MOOSE(Multimodeling Object-Oriented Simulation Environment) [55]Jade’s sim++SimBioSys [68]SimPack [69]DeX [20]
LSD (Laboratory for Simulation Development)[45]iGen [31]FLUXY [27]MASS (Multi-Agent Simulation Suit) [50]FramsticksSimPlusPlus [66]Descartes[19]
A3 / AAA (Agent Anytime Anywhere) [1]ADK (TryllianAgent Development Kit)[4]AOR Simulation[6]Ascape [8]BDI4Jade [9]Cougaar[15]CybelePro[17]FAMOJA(Framework for Agent-based MOdelling with JAva) [24]ICARO-T [32]JABM [34]JADEJAS-mine [38]
JASA (Java Auction Simulator API) [39]jES (Java Enterprise Simulator) [42]jEcho [43]MASON [49]Moduleco [54]
MASS (Multi-Agent Simulation Suit) [50]FramsticksSimPlusPlus [66]Descartes[19]
A3 / AAA (Agent Anytime Anywhere) [1]ADK (TryllianAgent Development Kit)[4]AOR Simulation[6]Ascape [8]BDI4Jade [9]Cougaar[15]CybelePro[17]FAMOJA(Framework for Agent-based MOdelling with JAva) [24]ICARO-T [32]JABM [34]JADEJAS-mine [38]
JASA (Java Auction Simulator API) [39]jES (Java Enterprise Simulator) [42]jEcho [43]MASON [49]Moduleco [54]netLogoJIAC [64]Sugarscape [71]VSEit [74]Xholon [75]D-OMAR(Distributed Operator Model Architecture) [21]RepastJanus [37]EVE [23]JCA-Sim [41]Boris[12]MaDKit (Multi Agent Development Kit)[46]SwarmAnyLogicJESS [44]Insight Maker [33]AgentBuilder [5]TerraME[72]MacStarLogoMAGSY [47]MAML (Multi-Agent Modeling Language) [48]AgentService [7]OBEUS (Object Based Environment for Urban Simulation) [56]OpenOME [58]Behaviour Composer (Rich Internet Application building on NetLogo) [10]NetLogoSpatial Modeling Environment(SME) [70]JAMEL (Java Agent-based MacroEconomic Laboratory) [35]PS-I (Political Science-Identity)[60]
Altreva Adaptive Modeler [3]oRIS [59]SimAgent (alsosim agent) [67]DigiHiveMesa [52]DALI[18]
Insight Maker [33]AgentBuilder [5]TerraME[72]MacStarLogoMAGSY [47]MAML (Multi-Agent Modeling Language) [48]AgentService [7]OBEUS (Object Based Environment for Urban Simulation) [56]OpenOME [58]Behaviour Composer (Rich Internet Application building on NetLogo) [10]NetLogoSpatial Modeling Environment(SME) [70]JAMEL (Java Agent-based MacroEconomic Laboratory) [35]PS-I (Political Science-Identity)[60]
Altreva Adaptive Modeler [3]oRIS [59]SimAgent (alsosim agent) [67]DigiHiveMesa [52]DALI[18]BreveSeSAm (Shell for Simulated Agent Systems) (fully integrated graphical simulation environment) [63]Cormas(Common-pool Resources and Multi-Agent Systems) [14]
SDML (Strictly Declarative Modeling Language) [61]SoarStarLogoOpenStarLogoStarLogo TNGStarLogoT
SEAS (System Effectiveness Analysis Simulation) [62]GPU Agents [29]GROWlab [30]AgentSheetsVisualBots [73]ZEUS [76]
http://bit.ly/wiki-abms
Free w/ strings attached 27
GPL 16
LGPL 14
Custom licenses 10
Generic ‘Open Source’ 7
Academic free license 4
Apache 2.0 4
‘Unknown’ 4
BSD 3
ABM licenses
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Most models are from... netLogo (Logo) - bit.ly/abm-netlogo (~60%)
MASON (Java) - bit.ly/abm-mason
RePast (Java) -bit.ly/abm-repast
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Name 2.7 3+ Active Dates
PyPI Description
Simx Y N 11/12-12/14
Y Framework for discrete simulations, optimized for parallel computing; no built in visualization
PyCX Y Y 06/11-03/16
N Repository of ABM examples & GUI script for desktop visualization; Focused on ease of writing; Mostly pure python; not a framework
PyABM Y N 09/12-03/14
Y Partial ABM framework, not working
Indra N Y 12/14-Today
N ABM framework to write models similar to Netlogo; lacks documentation; visualization ability in the future?
Mesa N Y 09/14-Today
Y ABM framework to build models with repeatable components; uses browser for visualization
Modeling in browser
Parable of the Polygons (Javascript & HTML) - ncase.me/polygons
Agent Base (Javascript) - bit.ly/abm-ants
Agent Script (CoffeeScript) - agentscript.org
Mesa (Python) - bit.ly/abm-mesa
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Mesa, ABMs in Python
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Demos of Models
Docs: bit.ly/abm-mesa
Code: github.com/projectmesa/mesa
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Demos of Schelling
README Standard
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
model.py - agents & model
Using model.py in jupyter
Creating browser front-end
Launching browser front-end:
$ python run.py
Open browser: 127.0.0.1:8888
Complex model
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Simple model
Mesa’s Scheduling FeatureNotebook example & source: Prisoner’s dilemma
● Sequential activation, where agents are
activated in the order they were added to the
model
● Random activation, where they are activated in
random order every step
● Simultaneous activation, simulating them all
being activated simultaneously.
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Mesa’s Scheduling FeatureNotebook example & source: Prisoner’s dilemma
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Sequential
Random
Simultaneous
Mesa35
Models built using Mesa
Mesa37
Models built using Mesa
Mesa38
Networks
Geo-Mesa
Mesa39
Networks
Mesa40
Econ-Mesa
Mesa41
Bio-Mesa
Mesa42
Other school of thought
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Mesa Growth / UsageStarted in 2014 with 2 people. Now 26!21 were from Sprints!Most were not ABM experts.Students have used it. Gov has shown interest.
ToDo list: Networks (in progress), GIS, Parallelization of models, Front-end, Increase usability, fix all things
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Getting Started & ContributingDocs & tutorial: bit.ly/abm-mesaLook at Examples in repo
Help with ticket #223Translate a model from NetLogo
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Things to readCioffi-Revilla, C. (2013). Introduction to computational social science.
Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing artificial societies: social
science from the bottom up.
Gilbert, N., & Troitzsch, K. (2005). Simulation for the social scientist.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Kupers, R., & Colander, D. (2014). Complexity & the Art of Public Policy.
Miller, J. H., & Page, S. E. (2009). Complex adaptive systems.
Simon, H. A. (1996). The sciences of the artificial.
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The End.Questions?
@jackiekazilgithub.com/projectmesa/mesa