Agenda

• Group discussion

• Presentation: Summarizing, paraphrasing, quoting, interpreting sources

• Practice work

• Closing

• HW: 1) Re-read “Writing with Sources.” Review Hacker APA pages for citation. Find 70-80% of your sources and plug them into updated outline to be turned in on Monday.

Guiding Questions for Groups

• After reading the “Thesis” introduction section, what are your thoughts about how your thesis statement might evolve?

• What did you learn from “Be Specific” that you can steal and adapt?

• How complete is your “working outline?” Where are the gaps? What is your strategy for filling in the gaps?

Summarizing

• We summarizing when we need to cover a broader landscape of information and don’t need to go into much detail.

• Most often in our research paper, this will occur in the “Introduction Summary” – that one sentence in which we introduce each source to our readers and give them basic context.

Introduction Summary

• Seattle Times writer John Smith, in his March 2013 column titled “Don’t be a Hater,” outlines the psychological side effects of focusing on the negatives of other people.

• Maggie Smith understands the psychological impact natural disasters have on a community. The University of Kentucky professor examines those impacts in her 2006 dissertation titled “Disaster and the Community.” She focuses chiefly on the effect disasters have on children.

Your Turn – Write an Intro Summary

Paraphrase

• We paraphrase the details we want to include in our writing.

• By putting those details in our own words, we show our readers (and ourselves) that we understand our sources.

• It also allows us to integrate source material into our writing while maintaining our own voice.

How to Paraphrase

• Read the paragraph that you want to paraphrase several times to really get the meaning in your head.

• Then turn the paper over and write the idea expressed in the paragraph in your own words.

Your Turn – Paraphrase a Detail

Quoting

• We quote sparingly.

• Only quote when precision is important (such as in definitions) or when the writing is so beautiful it would be a crime to paraphrase it.

Your Turn – Find one sentence to quote

Interpreting

• Here’s where you really show off your smarts.

• It’s important for you to explain to your readers why the source material you have chosen to paraphrase and include in your essay is important and what it means.

• When appropriate, you also want your readers to know how your source author has succeeded or failed in his purpose in writing that source.

Interpreting

• “This means that…”

• “This is important because…”

• “Although Smith succeeds in showing us how severe glacial melting is, he fails to give examples of the changes ordinary people can make in their daily lives that could slow down climate change.”

Your Turn – Interpret a quote or a paraphrase you noted earlier

Integrating Sources

• We integrate when we put it all together:

• Topic Sentence

• Sentence of Paraphrase

• Quote (maybe)

• Sentence of Interpretation/Commentary

• Repeat as appropriate

• Close and Transition

Your Turn – Write a paragraph that integrates material

from this source and your interpretation.

Homework

• Re-read “Writing with Sources”

• Review Hacker book section on APA Citation

• Find 70-80 percent of your sources and layer them into an updated outline that you will turn in on Monday.