agenda - mrs. weisenbach's biology cabin€¦ · • chapter 12 presentation projects:...
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Agenda
• Warmup-verbal• Chapter12PresentationProjects:PatternsofHeredityandHumanGenetics
• Chapter12Kahoot• Chapter12QuickQuizHomework:12.2SectionAssessment(pg322#1-5)
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Chapter12:PatternsofHeredityandHumanGenetics
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Pedigree
• Graphicrepresentationsofgeneticinheritance• Oftenusedtotracehowageneticdisorderispassedalong.
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Table Talk Warm Up 1. Isthetraitbeingstudied
dominantorrecessive?Howdoyouknow?
2. AreII-1andII-2carriersofthetrait?Howdoyouknow?
3. WhatistheprobabilitythatII-1andII-2willproduceanindividualwiththetraitbeingstudied?
4. WhatisthelikelygenotypeofII-4forthetraitbeingstudied?
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Genetic Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis • Recessivegeneticdisorder• MutationinCFTRgeneàmutatesproteinthatregulatestheflowofsaltandfluidsin/outofcells
• Causesthickmucusinlungs• Patientsneedphysicaltherapy,specialdietsandmedication
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Tay-Sach’s Disease
• Recessivegeneticdisorder• Missinganenzymethatbreaksdownlipids(fats)incentralnervoussystem(brainandspine)àFatsaccumulate
• Muscleweaknessandsloweddevelopment• Causesdeathwithin4-5years
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Recessivegeneticdisorder• Missinganenzymethatconverts1aminoacid(Phe)toanotheraminoacid(Tyr)
• Phenylalaninebuildsupandleadstomentalimpairment
• Patientsmusteatalow-proteindiet(foodslowinPhe)
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Huntington’s Disease
• Dominantgeneticdisorder-causedbyraredominantallele
• Nervecellsinthebrainbreakdownovertime• Causesuncontrolledmovements,emotionalproblems,andlossofcognition
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Complex Patterns of Inheritance: Incomplete Dominance vs Codominance • Incompletedominance:Dominantallelesmix/blend
• Ex:Redflowerxwhiteflower=pinkflower
Codominance:Dominantallelesexpressedequally,butthereisnoblendingEx:Redflowerxwhiteflower=redandwhiteflowerEx:Heterozygousforsicklecellanemia
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Sickle- Cell Anemia
• Exampleofcodominance-Ifpersonhasonecopyofthesicklecellallele,halfoftheirredbloodcellswillbemisshapen
• Resultofsubstitutionmutationthatchanges1aminoacidduringtranslation
• Slowedbloodflow,blockage,tissuedamage
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• Sex Chromosomes: 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex (male or female) of a person. Sex-Linked Gene: A gene found only on a sex chromosome
Males:XYFemale:XX
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Examples (X-Linked)
• Hemophilia:Blooddoesnotclotnormally
• Colorblindness
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Group Discussion Time!
WhyareX-linkeddisordersmorecommoninmenthaninwomen?
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Polygenic Inheritance
• Inheritancepatternofatraitthatiscontrolledbytwoormoregenes.• Eachgenestillhastwoalleles,buttherearemultiplegenesthat
determineatrait.Ex:eyecolor,height,skincolor
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Multiple Alleles
• Insteadofhavingtwoformsofanallele,therearemorethantwoforonegene
• Again,eachgenestillonlyhas2alleles,thereisjustmorethan2differentallelesthegenecanhave
• Ex:haircolor,eyecolor,rabbitcoatcolor,bloodtype(A,B,O)
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• Antibodies-releasedbytheimmunesystemtofightantigens(foreignsubstances)
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Abnormal Chromosome Number- Down Syndrome Trisomy:3copiesofachromosomeinsteadoftwoCanbeseenonakaryotype: