Agenda – Academic 12/13

1. Bellringer: Converse using at least the first list of flocabulary you had for homework.

2. Realism/Naturalism PP – what’s that?(25)

3. Native Son PP4. Write: Nature Vs. Nurture & Fear

– Also, find in text.5. Context/Read – as a class,

groups, partners, individually, listen.

6. Closure: Predictions? Why? Think naturalism.

Homework:• Write a

prediction as to how Book 1 will end.

• Native Son Context and poems

• Flocab list 1 – paragraph about the story

• Study Affix list 3 (the most recent)

Agenda-Honors 12/13• Bellringer: How can you make

orations memorable? If you had to tell a long heroic poem about a legendary figure who uses strength, cunning, and help from the gods to survive perilous trials – and you have to use elevated, solemn language throughout, how would you do it? (5)

• Finish Presentations ASAP (50• Epics? (10)• Beowulf background/reading (25)• Closure: What are devices used for?

Qualities of epics?

Homework: • Characteristics of a

hero (2) Good vs. Evil (2) Temptation vs. Responsibility (2) Anglo-Saxon Ideology(2) Paganism vs. Christianity (2)

• Study 9 & 10

THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND BACKGROUND TO

Ms. SloopEnglish 10

“The making of English is the story of three invasions and a cultural revolution.”

The language in its simplest form was brought to Britain by Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons, Frisians, and Jutes

The language was influenced by Latin and Greek when St. Augustine and his followers converted England to Christianity

The language was subtly enriched by the Danes after their invasion

The language was transformed by the French-speaking Normans after their invasion

Before all of this…

The Celts (called Britons) inhabited the British Isles.

The Celtic Britons had the misfortune to inhabit an island that was highly desirable both for its agriculture and minerals.

People started to invade…

The Romans invade…

In 55 B.C., Julius Caesar and his legions invaded Britain.

In A.D. 410, the Roman Empire collapsed and the Roman troops left Britain.

Other people began to turn their attention to Britain.

Invasion #1: Anglo-Saxons

In 449 A.D., the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes sailed across the North Sea from Denmark and Germany.

Native tribes (led perhaps by King Arthur) fought against the Germanic tribes

Eventually, the Germanic tribes were driven westward by the Anglo-Saxon warriors.

Anglo-Saxon influence on language

When the Anglo-Saxons landed on the shores of Britain, they introduced the island to the English language.

We refer to this language as Old English.

Anglo-Saxon influence on language, continued…

Anglo-Saxons settled down and began farming:Sheep, shepherd, ox, earth,

plough, swine, dog, wood, field, and work are words of Anglo-Saxon origin

The 100 most common words in modern English are of Anglo-Saxon origin. The, is, you, etc.

Because Anglo-Saxons were the dominant tribe in the land, it was called Angle-land (now England).

A-S attitude towards language

Anglo-Saxons relied on speech because theirs was an oral culture.

They loved riddles, ambiguity, word-play, etc.

Can you figure out this Anglo-Saxon riddle?

I’m told a certain object grows in the corner, rises and expands, throws up a crust. A proud wife carried off that boneless wonder, the daughter of a King covered that swollen thing with a cloth.

Answer…

DOUGH

A Cultural Revolution: Christianity

In A.D. 597, St. Augustine and his followers traveled to Britain to convert the Anglo-Saxons

Though the Anglo-Saxons wereknown to be savage, the conversion was peaceful…no bloodshed, no martyrs

The Anglo-Saxons built churches and monasteries

Christianity influenced the English language…

With the conversion, Anglo-Saxons were introduced to more than 400 new words(Latin and Greek in origin)

Many are still here today: angel, disciple, litany, mass, relic, etc.

Invasion #2: The Danish “Vikings”

Between A.D. 750 and 1050,Scandinavian people movedall over Europe, plundering,conquering, and settling different lands.

In A.D. 793, they came to Britain…

Viking Invasion, cont.

The Vikings gained much control of North and Eastern England. By the middle of the ninth century, almost half the country was in Viking hands.

The Vikings went after the jewel of the island…Southern England (Wessex).

Viking invasion, cont.

The king of Wessex, a young man named Alfred, successfully maintained control of one part of Britain.

When he saved Wessex, he saved the English language.

Alfred the Great

King Alfred worked to restore his kingdom.

He forced the Vikings to a truce and to accept Christianity.

He rebuilt monasteries and schools.

He used English as a basis for education.

Influence of the Viking invasion on the English language…

Since Danes and Saxons lived side by side, their languages fused so they could communicate (Beowulf demonstrates this change).

During this time period, the language was simplified also for the purpose of communication.

Invasion #3: The Normans

In 1066, the Normans invaded Britain, changing English forever.

Normans seized control over everything, churches, court, etc.

French was spoken everywhere Thus began what is known as

The Medieval Period

Norman Invasion, continued…

Although French was spoken at court, in law, etc., the English people kept their own language alive orally.

English survived because… It was well established Normans began to marry the English There were more English than Normans

Influence of the Norman Invasion on English…

The Normans increased the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary. Many synonyms began to appear.

The Normans gave the Anglo-Saxons the opportunity to make distinctions and adjust meaning through language.

Beowulf Based on Celtic and

Scandinavian folk legends

Contains Christian as well as pagan elements.

First great work in the English language, presumably written around 700-750 A.D.

Page from 1000 A.D. manuscript

Focal Points for Beowulf

Characteristics of a hero (2) Good vs. Evil (2) Temptation vs. Responsibility (2) Anglo-Saxon Ideology(2) Paganism vs. Christianity (2)