Age of Exploration

W’s

What: Search for spices, silk and trade routes for wealth. When: 1300s – 1700s Who: Portuguese(1), Spanish (2), English(3) Why: Adventures spirit, desire for a direct route to

random places, 3 G’s (Gold, Glory, God) Increased Knowledge/Education New Inventions

Faster and more efficient ships Accurate maps

New and Improved Sailing Navigational

Technology Astrolabe: measure latitude by finding a point on

the horizon and using sun, stars, and/or moon. Compass: Magnetic pull used on a device to tell

the direction on Nth, Sth, Est, or Wst. Caravel Ship:

Light and fast Rudder System – faster and easier turns Lateen Sail – catch wind from any direction

Cartography Map making (new and more accurate map)

Reasons for European Exploration

Money - $$ Land

New land = tax Land could be used for agricultural purposes

(farming) Wealth

Exploit new lands and resources 3G’s – GOD, GOLD, GLORY

Portuguese Explorers

Prince Henry: wanted to find a route around Africa. Wanted to spread Christianity He re-designed ships Open school to teach navigation to people Died in 1460

Left behind multiple maps

Bartolomeu Diaz

Student of Prince Henry Found the bottom of Africa. His works weren’t finished when he died

Vasco da Gama

1479, led 4 ships around Cape of Good Hope After 10 months, he finally found the end of India.

Many people died with a lack of vitamins 3,000% profit from whatever was recovered from

where you sailed to They lived off of salted meat and tack

Meat – salted to allow it to be preserved Tack – looked like dog biscuits

Ferdinand Magellan

1519 – sailed five ships from Spain Rounded around South America It took 4 months to get to the Philippines even

thought they predicted only 3 weeks. Only 17 people survived the trip there and

back

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who sailed for Spain. (He thought the Earth was round.)

No one supported him except Spain. Spain and the Queen financed his journey

There were three ships Pinta Nina Santa Maria

Found the Caribbean Islands

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistadors landed in Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few canons.

Natives thought that him and his warriors were Gods. Natives didn't make any metals

Spears were made out of Stone. Used rivalry to get Aztecs to fight with each other Cortes moved to Tenochtitlan Natives disliked Aztecs Fighting broke out

Conquistadors

Spanish people followed the 3G’s People settled.

Role of Disease in Exploration and

Conquest Deadly Diseases were brought to the new

world (mumps, small pox, flu, etc.) Disease spread fast

90% of population died Dr. Edward Jener – small pox vaccine

Columbian Exchange

Global transfer of plants, animals, foods, and etcetera.

Encomienda System

Conquistadors granted encomiendas (tracts of land and rights to demand labor or tribute from Native Americas)

By 1500s Spain's empire – California to South America

Viceroy – representative of the King the ruled each province

Castas

Spanish colonial caste system.

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos

Mullatos

Castas - continured

Peninsulares – Spanish born Creoles – Spanish descent born in Americas Mestizos – Indian and Spanish descent Mullatos – African and Spanish descent

Slave Trade

Natives died and they needed slaves Slaves came from Africa – Stolen from their

home Introduction of sugar cane

Triangle Trade

Exchange of Goods and slaves from Europe, Africa, and The New World 1st – Manufactured goods to Africa to be traded

for slaves 2nd – Slaves transported to West Indies

Slave exchanged for goods (Africa New world) 3rd – Sold raw goods (materials) for profit

(New World Europe)

Middle Passage

Brought slaves to Americas Slaved sometimes walked hundreds of miles to coast city. There were horrific conditions on the ships that brought

the slaves. 100’s of people were crammed on one ship.

Once they arrived at the New World slaves were branded multiple times by different owners

More slaves = more profit Slaves were shackled by their neck. Their was little to no

space to move; they could also be shackled to the wall.

Colonization

Mother country took control, set up economy and government

You could only export raw good to Spain and only by Spanish manufacturers

Laws forbid trade in other countries

Mercantilism

Nations strength depended on its wealth Goal: strong military; expand influence Export more than you buy…

Important increases reserved of gold and silver through (1) mining and (2) sell more goods

Spain Dominates

During the Golden Age (1550s – 1650s) Vast amount of gold and silver Agriculture (sugar cane) produced huge profit

England Emerges

England began to assert their presence in Americas

Ships sailed by English captains (Sea Dogs) attacking Spanish ships

Spanish Armada

Religious wars waging in Europe. Reformation ideas spread Spain was angry that their ships are being attacked and

ordered the Spanish Armada 130 ships, 25,000 soldiers

Fire ships – ships set on fir that were aimed and rammed into another ship

A storm came and destroyed a high amount of Spanish Armada

Spanish ships were slow while English was fast