age of exploration (1450 - 1750) - cobb · pdf filethe age of exploration. ferdinand magellan...
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Age of Exploration (1450 - 1750)
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I. Motives for Exploration
A. Technological Advances
1. improved navigational methods:
- magnetic compass andastrolabe
- improved maps and charts
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2. improved ship designs
Example- the caravel ship -allowed sailing with and against the wind
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3. improved weapons
- gunpowder and cannons
Why would this be important?
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Desire for wealth (GOLD)
1. gain access to the spice trade (also sugar and silk)
Arab and Italian merchants had a monopoly
2. find new sources of gold and silver
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Religion (GOD)
1. desire to convert new people to Christianity
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Glory
1. desire to learn about the world (intellectual curiosity)
- Marco Polo returns with stories of the riches in Asia.
2. desire for adventure, fortune, fame and glory.
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II. Portugal and Spain
A. Portugal
1. Portugal led the way
in exploration
a. Prince Henry the Navigator encourages exploration and the study of improvements in seafaring.
b. Set up a navigational school to teach Europeans the newest sailing techniques
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b.location –Portugal was well situated to explore based on routes available to explore.
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2. Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa in an attempt to find a water route to Asian trade.
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3. Portuguese explorers included:
Bartholomeu Dias - first to sail around the southern tip ofAfrica
Vasco da Gama - discovered an all water trade route between Portugal and India.
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B. Spain
1. Columbus sails West in an attempt to reach Asia.
-1st to reach the New World during the Age of Exploration
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Ferdinand Magellan –
attempted to find a Western route to Asia, one of his ships will complete the first circumnavigation of the earth. (1519-1522)
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Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived inMexico in 1519.
Cortes along with native allies defeated the Aztec.
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Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived in Central America
Pizarro defeated the Incas.
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Amerigo Vespucci – Spain
Explored the coast of the newly discovered lands in the New World
Suggested Columbus had actually discovered a new world
Vespucci’s name begins to appear on maps of the New World
The Americas were named after him
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Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)- Spain and Portugal sign a treaty
dividing the newly discovered lands between the twonations