age groups:
DESCRIPTION
Age Groups:. Neonatal 1st 4 weeks Infant 1 st year Childhood 1 to 15 Years Preschool 2 to 4 years School 5 to 15 years - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Age Groups:Neonatal 1st 4 weeks Infant 1 st yearChildhood 1 to 15 Years
Preschool 2 to 4 years School 5 to 15 years Adolescent 13 to 19 Years
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History&Physical ExaminationChief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
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History :
History of Present IllnessPrevious HistoryFamily HistoryDevelopmental HistorySocial & Environmental History
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History of Present Illness:
Age &SexExplain CCFeeding&AppetiteVomitingThirstAbdominal painBowel habitWeight gain or loss
Discharge from eyes ,ears,nose
Sore throatCoughBreathlessnessMouth breathingLocalized pain or
swelling
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History of Present IllnesSkin Lesions or
rashJaundiceCyanosisPallorMusculatureWalkingCoordinationSpeech
HeadacheVisionHearingDysuria
&FrequencyBed WettingCharacter of urineMood……….
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Previous History
Pregnancy HxDelivery HxNeonatal HxNutritional HxVaccination HxPrevious infection Dis.….
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Family History
ParentsAbortionOther brothers &SistersHx of SIDS….
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Developmental HistorySmilingSittingStandingWalkingSpeech….
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gross motor milestones
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fine motor milestones
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Social & Environmental HistoryDivorceAddictionDisabilitiesDeathEconomy…..
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Physical Examination:
General Inspection Physical Measurements Head &Neck Chest & Lung Cardiovascular System Abdomen Perineum &Genitalia Nervous System Locomotion System
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General Inspection:General Inspection:
• Consciousness• Nutrition• cry• Speech• Dehydration• Skin• Deformity
• Nail• Breathing• Posture• Movements• Relationship with
parents• Abnormal smells
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Physical signs of allergy The allergic salute Eczema lesions
Cholinergic urticaria Angioedema
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Physical Measurements: Weight
15% weight loss during first 7-10 days
1st 4 mo. : BW + (Age in mo. * 0.8)2nd 4 mo. : BW + (Age in mo. * 0.7)3rd 4 mo. : BW + (Age in mo. * 0.6) Infants birth weight double by 5 mo. Infants birth weight triple by 1 year
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Physical Measurements: Weight
1-9 years add 4 to the age in years and multiply by 2
9-12 triple the age in year
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Physical Measurements:length
At birth 50 cm6 mo. 68 cm1year 75 cm2 years 85 cm3 years 95 cm4 years 100 cmOver the next 8 years 5.5 cm each year
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This 5.5-year-old boy with growth hormone deficiency (left) was significantly smaller
than his twin sister (right).
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Physical MeasurementsHead circumference
At birth 35cm6 mo. 43.5 cm1 year 46.5 cm2 years 49 cm2-7 years 0.5 cm annually
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microcephaly
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Physical MeasurementsTemperature
Low reading thermometers(29-43 c)
Diurnal variation
Rectal 37.5 c (>38 c) Groin &Auxiliary 37 c (>37.3 c)
oral 37-37.5 (>37.6 c)
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Physical Measurements Blood pressure
Right armNewborn(Flush method) 70/35
Infancy(Systolic/Diastolic) 80/55
Preschool child (Systolic/Diastolic) 85/60School child (Systolic/Diastolic) 90/60
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Head &NeckCranium
Ant. Fontanel: 2.5 * 2.5 cm and closed until 18 mo.
Post. Fontanel:0.5 cm and closed shortly after birth.
Sutures
Cranium
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Head &Neck
Facial appearance
Large tongue
Marked nasolabial line
Nasal bridge(Low,Wide)
Facial palsy
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Low hair line
Hypertelorism
Microganetia
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Russell-Silver dwarfism
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Vitiligo Pityriasis alba
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Alopecia areata Tinea capitis
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Head &NeckEar
AnomaliesLow set earCanal(Wax,Forign body,Discharge…)Tympanic membrane(Color,Perforation ,Buldging or Retraction)Cone of light
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