afrirpa 2010 assessing natural and anthropogenic changes of radioactivity in complex eco systems...
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Assessing the natural and anthropogenic changes of radioactivity in complex eco-systems
Farid El-Daoushy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden
Previous disasters and ongoing climate-environment changes can shape our thinking for radiological assessment strategies
Large-scale and long-term assessment of nuclear disasters depends on transport and chemistry processes. Chernobyl
dominated by tropospheric and local surface water processes.
Assessment strategies for the Nile Basin , and other African rivers, would be different. Are we prepared to face similar disasters in these regions? What would be the impacts and how can we set up an appropriate assessment agenda.
European surface water are primarily forced by atmospheric and local catchment interactions
Surface water are multi-scale systems with local, regional & global interactions. Natural and artificial radioactivity were assessed in European inland waters. Scales and interactions were detailed using Lake-catchment systems.
Surface water interactions in the Nile Basin has much more
large scale dynamics as compared by the
European ones. The spatio-temporal scales of this complex river
system are much more comprehensive due to its complex boundaries and intensive coupling
with climate and environment.
Decision Making Process for Sustainable Water Resource Management Path
Actors/Level Criteria LimitationsPolicy Instrument
Multinational/(1)
International / (1)
Economic
Welfare
PerformanceFinance, Technology Transfer
Treaties, Directives
Uncertainties Cost, Technology,
Environ. impacts
Commercial / (2)
Government/(2&3)
Resources
Sustainability
Laws, Regulations,
Guide-lines, R & D,
Lack of analytical tools/observation and field facilities
Water Utilities/(3) Quality Economic/Prices
Insufficient funds
Lack of skills, weak institutions
Consumers / (4)
Public Groups /(4)
Information
Others
Timing, Requirements (e.g. permission, rules)
Public Information Lack of interest
Industry/ mining
Transport Energy Environment Water Health Agriculture Tourism RP
International Interaction and Trans-national Coordination/Management
Level (2)*National Interactions Between Water Sector and Rest of the Economy
Level (3)*Precipitation/
FloodSurface water
Ground water
Potable water
Hydropower
Naviga- tion
Sewage/Sanitation
Irriga- tion
Coastalwater
Level (4)*** R & D Based Monitoring and Planning
Supply Management Demand Management
Burundi Congo Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Sudan Tanzania Uganda
Level (1)*
Lakes and rivers are space-time indicators of atmospheric and land-based human activities
Studies of complex water systems involve assessment of the interacting sub-compartments and associated boundaries
Mass-balance of lake-catchment systemsHärsvatten: a reference lake in acid rain studies
Internal processes
External processes
Field and laboratory infra-structures for model development, tests and validation
Atmospheric Flux
AC Atmospheric Flux
A
CatchmentInventory QC(t)
Lake WatersInventory Q(t)
Transportfrom
Catchment
Loss viaoutflow
C(t)
O(t)
To sediment record
Global inventories of Pu in soils and lakes
Solid line based on worldwide data from Hardy et al. 73. Inventories for the other nuclides from nuclear weapons tests can be deduced from known ratios .