africasan 2011: washcost findings - catarina fonseca
TRANSCRIPT
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Sanitation services: financing what?
Catarina Fonseca – WASHCost Director
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 20112
Applying the life cycle cost approach in Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Ghana
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 20114
“We need more money”!
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 20115
“Probably we do, but we can be more cost effective”
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201110
• What have we learned from the last years in
financing sanitation services?
• What needs financing?
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201113
If we only consider capital expenditure in planning and budgeting, we ignore half the costs => lower impact of investments
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201114
If we only consider capital expenditure in planning and budgeting, we ignore half the costs => lower impact of investments
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201115
Sanitation expenditure is almost completely covered by households (except for hygiene awareness campaigns)
No difference in expenditure by households that received a subsidy for sanitation hardware and those who did not
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Comparing costs of what?
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Comparing costs of technologies is looking at financing from a limited angle
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Service levels
Accessibility UseReliability
(O&M)
Environmental protection
(pollution and density)
Improved service
Each family dwelling has one or more toilets in the compound
Facilities used by all members of HH
Regular or routine O&M (inc. pit emptying) requiring minimal user effort
Non problematic environmental impact disposal and re-use of safe-by products
Basic service
Latrine with impermeable slab (hh or shared) at national norm distance from hh
Facilities used by some members of HH
Unreliable O&M (inc. pit emptying) and requiring high user effort
Non problematic environmental impact and safe disposal
Limited “service”
Platform without (impermeable) slab separated faeces from users
No or insufficient use
No O&M (pit emptying) taking place and any extremely dirty toilet
Significant environmental pollution, increasing with increased population density
No service No separation between user and faeces, e.g. open defecation
Source: Revised from Potter et al., 2010
Costing sanitation service levels
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Sophisticated sanitation technologies do not necessarily result in higher sanitation service levels
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201120
Low level of services have a cost
Median exp pcpy: $1.9Interquartile Range: $1 - $7.6
Median exp pcpy: $1.1Interquartile Range: $0.6- $2.2
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Service levels
Accessibility UseReliability
(O&M)
Environmental protection
(pollution and density)
Improved service
Each family dwelling has one or more toilets in the compound
Facilities used by all members of HH
Regular or routine O&M (inc. pit emptying) requiring minimal user effort
Non problematic environmental impact disposal and re-use of safe-by products
Basic service
Latrine with impermeable slab (hh or shared) at national norm distance from hh
Facilities used by some members of HH
Unreliable O&M (inc. pit emptying) and requiring high user effort
Non problematic environmental impact and safe disposal
Limited “service”
Platform without (impermeable) slab separated faeces from users
No or insufficient use
No O&M (pit emptying) taking place and any extremely dirty toilet
Significant environmental pollution, increasing with increased population density
No service No separation between user and faeces, e.g. open defecation
Source: Revised from Potter et al., 2010
Sanitation service levels: reliability and use are important indicators of actual services received
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201122
50% VIP, 50% TPLMedian Cost: $3.2 per capita yearInterquatile range: $2.9- $7.9 per capita/year
All Vip LatrinesMedian Cost: $4 per capita yearInterquatile range: $2 - $9.6 per capita/year
Service level analysis provides a more nuanced understanding for each type of intervention of where underlying problems of coverage and slippage may lie
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201123
Final messages
1. Life cycle cost approach enables comparison of
different service delivery models internalising
lifespans and number of users in cost
comparisons
2. A firm grasp of costs and services to be
delivered, leads to more robust financing
strategies
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Financing Sanitation, AfricaSan, 20th July 201124
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Training session on introduction to LCCA
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