african & latin american music duskyrose
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit IV
Welcome to Africa and
Latin America
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Lesson 13 : Vocal Music from Africa
Africa- home to approximately 80 million people from different cultural backgrounds and tradition.
-this content is the birthplace of one of the world’s most unique musical styles.
Music- an integral part of the lives of the African people. It is closely related to any aspects of their lives. It goes much deeper than just singing songs for rituals
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Traditional African Music-it is used for worship and courtship, for
easing hard work, and simply for giving pleasure or entertainment. The Griots- a highly skilled musicians
- pass on tribal history through oral traditions.African music developed through the blending influences of the following: - European - African-American - Middle Eastern
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Soukous- the congolese guitar band music - one of the most influential styles of
popular music in Africa.
-Characteristics of African Music-Characteristics of predominate African music:
- Rhythmic patterns / movements- Percussive sounds
Polyrhythmic- means they perform two or more basic rhythms simultaneously.Vocal style- another important element of African music.
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Call-response Technique- in this technique, the lead singer who is highly trained, sings a line or a phrase which the rest of the group sings or echoes back.
Most commonly observed musical practices in Vocal Music:
-Glissandos- Bends- Swoops
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Lesson 14: African Musical Instrument
African Vocal Music- polyrhythmic and responsorial style.
- its music is predominantly rhythmic and percussive.Handclapping- the basic rhythmic accompaniment of nomadic tribes.African Rituals and Ceremonies- on the musical accompaniment of drums, which id believed to help summon spirits.
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Music- used as a means to communicate everyday tasks, religious events and calls to war.Some prominently known instruments:
-Talking drums- of West and Central African tribes.
-Talking xylophones- of the Jabo tribe.-Talking flutes- of the Nigerian tribe.
Important as the playing of musical instruments:
-Dancing, singing, clapping
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IdiophonesMost commonly used in Africa. These are commonly played by societies that did not used drums.
1.Rattles- made of dried gourd from the calabash tree and are covered with beads to create rattling sounds when tapped or shaken. Two kinds of Rattles:Primary Rattles- held by the hands.
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Secondary Rattles- are worn by the performers on their bodies and activated through bodily movements.
2. Clappers- reproduce the sound of hand clapping for ceremonial purposes.
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Scrapped and Stamped Idiophones- some sounds are produced by rubbing a gourd against a board by scrapping a bottle with a thin.
Mbira (Sansa or hand piano)- this melodic idiophone is made from graduated series of wooden or metal strips that are arranged.
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Xylophone- Made up of a series of wooden slabs or keys mounted on a clay post or on a wooden frame.
Membranophones-Used to emphasize the rhythmic and percussive nature of their music.Drums- carved out of wood or made of strips of wood that are bound together.
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-Come in various size and shapes. The most common instrument throughout Africa.
Flutes- usually made from bamboo, stalks of millet, the tip of gourd, and the husk of cane.
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Reed pipes- it is played by inhaling and exhaling through the slit around its opening.
Trumphets and Horns- made from animal horns, elephant tusks and wood. Used for conveying signals and messages as well as music.
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ChordophonesMusical bows- the simplest of all African chordophones.
Zither- are stringed instruments that are positioned horizontally.
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Lutes- instruments with strings that run parallel to their necks and are played through plucking or bowing.
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Lesson 15: Latin American Music
Latin America- refers to the countries found on the South America Continent, as well as the entire Caribbean.
-Latin American Musical Styles-Calypso- a form of music and dance popular in the Caribbean. It originated from the pre-Lenten carnival in Trinidad where musicians played their music nightly.
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Rumba- an Afro-Cuban song and dance music that is polyrhythmic and is natural and spontaneous in its movements. It exhibits to fast tempos.
Three part form:1. improvised verses2. repetitive call3. response singing
Merengue- well known vocal and dance music that was adopted from the Dominican Republic.
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Tango- emerged at the end of 19th century from Buenos Aires. This dance was probably derived from the Milonga, a lively suggestive dance Argentina.Salsa- a musical style that was developed in New York City by the Urban Caribbean Hispanics.
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Lesson 16: Musical Instruments of Latin America
Latin American Music- one of the most influential kinds of music in the world.
Different Musical Styles:1. Tango 4. Rumba2. Cha- cha 5. Salsa3. Samba 6. Merengue
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-Percussion Instrument-Maracas- a pair of dried gourds with wooden handles. They are played by shaking.
Claves- pairs of round, hardwood sticks that are tapped together. They are used to play a special on going syncopated rhythm.
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Bongo Drum- pair of drums struck by the hands.
Congo Drum- single extra tall bongo, struck with the players hand.
Cabasa- looks like a wooden spool with metal
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beads wound around it and a wooden handle.
Steel Drums- tuned metal barrels.
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-String Instruments-Puerto Rican Cuatro- small four-stringed instruments similar to the largest ukulele.
Tiple- it has four double/triple sets of strings that are used to accompany a certain music.
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Charango- lute-shaped instrument with five pairs of string.
-Wind Instrument-Panpipes- known as antaras, a type of wooden instrument from the Andes Mountain, now Peru.
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Trumpets- wind instruments that are made from conch shells, tree barks and bamboo.
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The end……..