african energy atlas 2016/2017 atlas 16... · ghana, togo, benin 31 ... emerging markets downturn...
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African Energy Atlas
www.africa-energy-atlas.comISSN 2046-0473
AFRICANENERGY
Atlas 2016/17 • August 2016
EditorThalia [email protected]
CartographerDavid Burles
Contributing EditorsDan Marks, John Hamilton, Jon Marks
Cover images: NASA’s Earth Observatory
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AFRICANENERGY
OIL GAS POWER POLITICS & FINANCE• • •
Contents
2 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2016/2017 EDITION
FOCUS
Introduction 3
Roads, railways, ports, airports 4
Climate, population, income, fossil fuels, power generation 5
Finance 6
Political risk 8
Regional groupings 8
Economic Africa 9
Economic indicators 10-11
Development initiatives 12
Key energy trends 13
Africa’s energy infrastructure 14
POWER
National power companies 15
Power pools 15
Introduction 16-17
North Africa 18
Morocco, Mauritania 19
Algeria 20
Tunisia 21
Libya 22
Egypt 23
The Mediterranean Basin 24-25
Sub-Saharan Africa 26
Senegal, The Gambia,Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde 27
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia 28
Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso 29
Côte d’Ivoire 30
Ghana, Togo, Benin 31
Nigeria 32
Cameroon, CAR, Chad 33
Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, STP 34
Democratic Republic of Congo 35
Sudan, South Sudan 36
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia 37
Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi 38
Kenya 39
Angola 40
Tanzania 41
Namibia 42
Botswana 43
Zambia 44
Zimbabwe 45
Mozambique, Madagascar 46
Malawi, Indian Ocean islands, SAPP table 47
South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho 48-49
Renewables/sustainability 50
UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS
NOCs, state regulators 51
Opec, GECF 51
North Africa 52
Morocco 53
Algeria 54-55
Tunisia 56
Libya 57
Egypt 58-60
SSA bigger players 61Cameroon 62
Nigeria 63
Niger Delta 64-65
Equatorial Guinea, STP 66
Gabon 67
Republic of Congo 68
Angola 68-69
Sudan, South Sudan 70
SSA smaller players 71West Africa (incl. Mauritania) 73
Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana,Togo, Benin 74
Mali, Niger, Chad, CAR 75
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti 76
Somalia 77
DR Congo 78
Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi 79
Kenya 80
Tanzania 81
Zambia, Malawi, Botswana 82
Mozambique 83
Namibia 84
South Africa 85
Madagascar, Indian Ocean islands 86
DOWNSTREAMIntroduction 87-88
World oil and gas production 88
Gasdevelopment and commerce 89
Oil refineries, CTL and GTL plants 90-91
AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2016/2017 EDITION 5
Climate, population, income, fossil fuels, power generation
© African Energy 2016 (www.africa-energy.com)
6 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2016/2017 EDITION
It has become the mantra of development finance institutions(DFIs) and cash-strapped governments that multilateral andpublic sector agencies cannot provide the bulk of financing
needed for sub-Saharan Africa to meet the hugely ambitiousbut highly necessary targets to pull its populations out ofenergy poverty and overcome gaping infrastructure deficits.
DFIs can play a critical role in mitigating risk, allowing modelprojects – such as the 450MW Azura-Edo gas-to-power schemein Nigeria, the 300MW Lake Turkana Wind Power scheme innorthern Kenya and the 510MW Ouarzazate solar park inMorocco – to go ahead. After years when new independentpower projects (IPPs) all but disappeared from the Africanelectricity supply industry, guarantees and funding flows fromthe World Bank Group (WBG), African Development Bank(AfDB), Germany’s KfW and other leading institutions haveallowed ground-breaking schemes to go ahead.
In its filing to the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA),the WBG reported commitments totalling $2.3bn to energyprojects in 2014, with much more expected to come. The ICA’s2014 annual report showed that energy again dominatedcommitments made by its multilateral and bilateral members,reaching $9.2bn in 2014*.
Bilateral DFIs including the Agence Française deDéveloppement, KfW, Dutch development finance institutionFMO and the UK’s CDC Group continue to play a key rolein mobilising investment. This was reflected in CDC’s decisionin 2015 to return to African energy investment after a decadeaway, joining Norfund to purchase UK developer Globeleqfrom private equity company Actis.
According to ICA co-ordinator Mohamed Hassan, “the privatesector is increasingly playing an important role in resourcemobilisation, with banks and institutional investors channellingfunds for public investment in infrastructure, including roads,power plants and water facilities”. Some 88% of energyinvestors who responded to the ICA’s African InfrastructureInvestment Survey in 2015 said they intended to increasecommitments. But private sector investments continue to focuson a few large-scale projects, “while participation in regionalprojects appears too challenging for most private sectorinvestors and developers”, the ICA observed.
Much more is needed than the support WBG and other publicsector agencies can realistically provide if plans to lift some500m sub-Saharan African consumers out of energy povertyby 2030 – the goal of UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon’s
Finance
2015(proj.)
US $bn(current prices)
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Ð252005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
(est.)2015(proj.)
US $bn(current prices)
70
02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
(est.)
60
50
40
30
20
10
Remittances
Portfolio investments
ODA (OfficialDevelopment Assistance)
Foreign direct investmentsNorth Africa
West Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
Southern Africa
EXTERNAL FINANCIAL FLOWS INTO AFRICA
Source: AfDB, OECD & UNDP, African Economic Outlook 2015© African Energy 2016 (www.africa-energy.com)
Excludes loans from commercialbanks, official loans and trade credits
REMITTANCE FLOWS INTO AFRICAÕS REGIONS
Source: AfDB, OECD & UNDP, African Economic Outlook 2015© African Energy 2016 (www.africa-energy.com)
Pilot projects win plaudits, but privateenergy is not yet a genuine ‘asset class’Agencies have lined up to support privately promoted developments, suggesting IPPs and other investmentsmay eventually pull in the tens of billions Africa needs to provide clean, sustainable energy. But most prize-winning schemes are underpinned by substantial official support, and hopes have been dampened by anemerging markets downturn that has also blighted oil and gas companies
36 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2016/2017 EDITION
Sudan, South Sudan
Keep track of the latest energy developments in Sudan and South SudanVisit our East Africa page to see our most recent articles, maps, reports, consultancy case studies and databaseupdates. For more detailed analysis, contact the African Energy consultancy team. Email: [email protected]/news-centre