africa south: viewpoints 1956-1961

8/8/2019 Africa South: Viewpoints 1956-1961

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f

L`sfml ]duh


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ff

Sdblie ]ogli lu hf} eo}n fb Wliudb*db*Uhljo}) Obgilbe"


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fff

L`sfml ]duh

Pfow{dfbu})


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fp

[cif}hoe fb 3;


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p

Mdbuobu}

[so`lmo fx

Fbusdemufdb F

hle bd mdb}ufuobmv du}feo uho jlglqfbo" Uho `lmu uhlu F wl} fbpfuoe fb ?8 ds ?6 ud

leeso}} whlu uho LBM dsfgfbliiv obpf}lgoe l} l jl}} jooufbg fb Lioxlbesl Udwb}hf{)}lfe }djouhfbg d` whlu F so{so}obuoe uhsdgh uho jlglqfbo" Duhoswf}o whv db olsuh

l}n jo) lbe whv l}n jo ud ulin db omdbdjfm }lbmufdb}4 Lglfb) F hle bd mdb}ufuobmv>

F wl} a}u {sd{lglufbg uho feol" Uho `lmu uhlu Boi}db ^JlbeoilZ l}noe jo ud ef}m}} uho

{dulud cdvmduu fb


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3


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33 J " A " E L V J D B E & M D S F BB O ] L B E WF U H

Whob wl} uho gsolu jlsmh db [soudsfl4


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3=F B U OS P F OW W F UH S D BL I E ] O G LI

Hdw efe vd gou Ilbg}udb Hgho}} {fomo}4

F uhfbn F gdu uhoj uhsdgh uho BLLM["6 F edbu uhfbn F wdie hlpo gdu uhoj efsomuiv" F

edbu sojojcos mdsso}{dbefbg wfuh hfj cu F efe hlpo) ds hle) hf} uv{o}msf{u pos}fdb}

d` uho {dousv" Ud jv nbdwioego uhov woso `fs}u {cif}hoe fb L`sfml ]duh" Uhov wosobdu so{sfbu}" Fb `lmu F mlbu sojojcos so{sfbufbg lbvuhfbg" Uho whdio feol wl} ud co lb

dsfgfbli) bdu l bow} jlglqfbo) cu lb dsfgfbli {cifmlufdb"

Efe duhos mdbusfcuds} mdjo vds wlv cv mhlbmo4

Woii) uhoso f} uho }udsv d` [li Cdwio}" Fj }fuufbg fb uho d``fmo whob uhoso lssfpo} lb

Ljosfmlb d` }djowhlu msfd} l{{olslbmo" Eso}}oe*`ds*uho*colmh }dsu d` Ljosfmlb)

wfuh l bdsuh L`sfmlb `sfobe) |fuo miolsiv bdsuh L`sfmlb" Uho Ljosfmlb wl} l wsfuos) F

wl} udie) lbe dcpfd}iv posv fbuoso}uoe fb L`sfml ]duh" F uddn uhoj sdbe uho{obfb}il) ef}mdposoe uhlu hf} idpos wl} l posv uliobuoe {lfbuos) }dsu d` jfbflusf}u) ifuuio

fiijfblufdb}) ijfbd} `f}h }dsu d` uhfbg) colufìiv edbo" F wf}h F hle cdghu dbo) cu

jv jfbe wl}bu db fu lu uho ufjo" Cdwio} wl} jdso d` l bdpoif}u uhlb l so{dsuos" Ud gfpo

vd lb feol d` hdw jmh) iou jo sole `sdj hf} ludcfdgsl{hv" Uhf}) l} uhov }lv) cols}

uho }ljo mdbbomufdb ud solifuv l} F ud uho l}usdbdjos sdvli1

Sdblie ]ogli) d` uho lbuf*gdposbjobu jlglqfbo L`sfml ]duh) {fiduoe }

lsdbe uho mfuv esfbg uho òw elv} wo }{obu uhoso " " " S] hle l esljlufm lbe

woii*{cifmf}oe o}ml{o `sdj ]duh L`sfml }hdsuiv lùos) fb whfmh ho lbe l `sfobe

}wlj uho Ifj{d{d whfio uho {difmo }hdu lu uhoj " " "

Lbvdbo whd nbow jo lbe mdie fjlgfbo Fe }wj dpos uho Ifj{d{d) bdudsfd}iv

fbò}uoe cv hf{{d} lbe msdmdefio}) j}u hlpo coob jle) ds {ilfb }u{fe" Vo}) uhlu f} l

{osòmu fii}uslufdb" F wdie bopos hlpo l}noe [li Cdwio} ud wsfuo db lbvuhfbg f` ho

hlebu wlinoe fbud jv d``fmo lbe F }fqoe hfj { l} }djodbo whd hle }uvio) whfmh ho

mosulfbiv hle) lbe mdie {sdclciv wsfuo" Lbe ho ifpoe fb Ulbgfos" F uhdghu fu jfghu co

}liulsv `ds uho soleos} d`L`sfml ]duh ud sole lcdu l wdsie uhov woso jd}u bifnoiv

ud comdjo duhoswf}o lm|lfbuoe wfuh" F j}u hlpo l}noe hfj) lmuliiv) whob wo woso

esfpfbg sdbe uho {obfb}il) sluhos uhlb whob F wl} }wfjjfbg uho Ifj{d{d"

Coml}o F wl} sclbo ud uhlu eogsoo) {od{io efe) uhov mljo fb" Lbe uhob d` mds}o

uho Adhlbbo}csg mdbufbgobu wdie mdjo edwb ud Ml{o Udwb" Fb uho olsiv elv})

Jfqobcosg wl} l posv `l}hfdblcio {lsu d` uho mdbusv lbe lii }dsu} d` {od{io }oe ud

lssfpo) fbmiefbg) }djowhlu iluos) uho slefmli Adhlbbo}csgos}" Hlsdie Wdi{o ds Ado

6" Uho {doj} cv Ilbg}udb Hgho} woso {cif}hoe fb Pdi"


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]idpd wdie fbpfuo jo ud {ilv {dnos" F uhfbn uhov hd{oe ud ìoomo jo" Lbe iluos wo

woso adfboe cv Ifdboi @dsjlb" Cu uho}o woso bdu }fj{iv }dmfli dmml}fdb}) F jolb)

uhoso wo woso lbe whlu efe wo ef}m}}4 Wo ef}m}}oe {difufm}" Wo woso lii fbuoso}uoe

fb {difufm}" Jolbwhfio F wl} jdso fbuoso}uoe fb Suh uhlb F wl} fb Ado) }d F ulinoe udSuh lcdu uhfbg}" ]d fu wl} l }dmfli l} woii l} {difufmli lbe fbuoiiomuli mdjjfujobu

lbe dbo òe fbud uho duhos"

Db uho mdpos} d` }djo f}}o} fu }lv} uhlu uho jlglqfbo mfsmiluoe fb Fbefl lbe Movidb"

Hdw wl} uhlu mdbulmu jleo4

Lh " " " l posv o}duosfm ox{ilblufdb) cu bdbouhoio}} plife" Fu wl} uhsdgh Sd}livbeo

Lfb}ifo whd wl}) F uhfbn) lisolev jlssfoe ud Lmmhl eo Ilbosdiio}" Lmmhl wl} `sdj

Movidb lbe hf} `luhos wl} lb lsmhfuomu) F uhfbn) lbe l ]fbhlio}o slefmli d` }djo }dsu"Jlvco lb oefuds) cu Fj bdu }so" ]d Lmmhl d` mds}o hle mdbulmu}" Vd }hdie

sojojcos uhlu Idbedb lu uho ufjo wl} l posfulcio Clcvidb d` oxfio gsd{}) }ueobu})

lmufpf}u}) msfufm} mhfoìv d` uho bow ifcoslufdb sogfjo}" ]d lbv mdbulmu} `ds ef}usfcufdb

wdie hlpo coob uhsdgh hfj lbe Sd}" Mosulfbiv F efebu hlpo l so}feobu so{so}obulufpo

fb Movidb"

Wl} uho }ljo }osobef{fuv so}{db}fcio `ds uho mfsmilufdb fb L}uslifl lbe Bow Qolilbe4

Posv {sdclciv" F jolb) }djodbo wdie mdjo fb) sluhos ifno uho [li Cdwio} }udsv"

Lbvdbo whd wl} {difufmliiv }ob}fufpo) ds hle mdjo lmsd}} l md{v d`L`sfml ]duh ds) ud

co }ifghuiv mvbfmli) wlbuoe ud ox{idso uho }fulufdb) ds whd wl} {l}}fbg uhsdgh Ml{o

Udwb) wdie }ddbos ds iluos mdjo fbud jv d``fmo" Ds wdie mdjo fbud }djodbo oi}o}

d``fmo) whd uhob mljo lbe csdghu hfj ds hos ud }oo jo fb jv d``fmo" ]d fu wl} l c}v

ifuuio {ilmo) uhlu d``fmo" Lbe coml}o fu wl} l ìdlufbg jfbo lii uho}o }dmfli lmmfeobu} ioe

ud duhos uhfbg} lbe {od{io whd hle mdbusfcuoe ioe ud bow {od{io1 Vd soliiv dghu ud

gd lbe }oo }d*lbe*}d" ]d F hle l hgo lm|lfbulbmo) lidbg wfuh l gsoglsfd} }{fiilgo

lbe F wl} |fuo hl{{v ud joou lii }dsu} d` {od{io) coml}o uhov jfghu co }oì" Fu wl}

bdu db lbv {os}dbli cl}f}) cu db l whlu mlb uhov ed `ds L`sfml ]duh4 }dsu d` cl}f}1

Lso uhov wdsuh ox{idfufbg `ds lb lsufmio ds l {doj ds }djouhfbg4 F wl} `lfsiv }fbgio*

jfbeoe db uho cl}f} uhlu f` F wl}bu uhoso) fu wdie co l jlglqfbo wfuhdu l jfbe lbe

whlu wdie hlpo hl{{oboe ud fu4 _iufjluoiv) lbe Fj bdu }oiifbg }hdsu jv jdsli

fbpo}ujobu whfmh wl} mdb}feoslcio) cu ifno jlbv d` jv mlsoos) woso bdu obufsoiv

wfuhdu plbfuv lbe dbmo Fe fbpo}uoe jv}oi` fb l {sdaomu) F efebu wlbu ud co

ojclssl}}oe cv fu" ]d F efe }ou du `so|obuiv ud leplbmo fu} {sfbmf{io}) cu li}d fu}

oxf}uobmo"


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3?F B U OS P F OW W F UH S D BL I E ] O G LI

L |o}ufdb uhlu wl} jmh eocluoe db uho io`u f} whouhos ]duh L`sfml }hdie co

beos}udde fb uosj} d` slmo ds fb uosj} d` mil}} }usggio " " " whfio vd woso eo fbfbg

uhfbg} `ds vds}oi`) efe vd hlpo ud gsl{{io wfuh uhlu4

F bopos cduhosoe wfuh fu" Uhlu }dbe} lc}seiv ef}jf}}fpo) cu fu a}u efebu " " " uhlufeodidgfmli ef}{uo }oojoe ud jo jlsgfbli lbe opob ef}uslmufbg" Fu efebu l``omu) fb uho

wlv F pf}lif}oe l {sdemufpo }usluogv) uho wdsn uhlu F wl} edfbg" Fb duhos wdse}) fu

wdie hlpo csdghu jdso usdcio uhlb F coifopoe fu wl} {difufmliiv wdsuh" F wl}bu

dsglbf}fbg lbe fu wl} bopos jv fbuobufdb ds mdb}mfd} mdb}feoslufdb ud dsglbf}o l

sopdiufdblsv jdpojobu" F wl}bu fb l {d}fufdb ud ed }d" F jdpoe lijd}u fj{osmo{ufciv

cu jol}slciv udwlse} Mdbgso}} coml}o F wl} {os}leoe uhov woso uho {slmufmli

{d}}fcfifuv d` l sopdiufdblsv `dsmo" Cu F mdiebu mdjo du d{obiv db uhofs }feo whfio

F wl} {sd{lglufbg l {d{ils `sdbu bufi) fb lcdu


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fbuosblufdblif}u whlu f} lii uhf} bdb}ob}o lcdu edjo}ufm l``lfs} cofbg }lmsd}lbmu4


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37F B U OS P F OW W F UH S D BL I E ] O G LI

L`sfml ]duh }ho wdie ed l posv gdde cddn d` so{dsulgo> }ho hle uho sfghu

fbpo}ufglufpo lbuobblo" ]ho efebu gd ud l }caomu) wfuh uho cddn lisolev wsfuuob)

josoiv ud `fbe mdb`fsjlufdb" Uhob) l`uos }ho wl} ulnob fbud eouobufdb) l} }ddb l} }ho

wl} soiol}oe) F }lfe1 Vd j}u wsfuo l cddn db vds ox{osfobmo} lbe }ho }lfe1 Fmlbu) fu} udd {lfb`i " " "" jdso

{oshl{} opob bdw uhlb wo efe uhob" Fj ulinfbg hoso fb gidcli) bdu josoiv ]duh

L`sfmlb) uosj} uhdgh fu l{{ifo} fb oxusojf} fb jv pfow fb ]duh L`sfml" Lii uho die

mosulfbufo}) dsuhdedxfo}) eo{obeobmfo}) jdsli lbe fbuoiiomuli) l{{ols ud hlpo


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opl{dsluoe) ds ud co }fmn) lfifbg" Uhoso} l nfbe d` ucosmils wl}ufbg d` coifo` lbe

{s{d}o" Eojdmslmv hl} comdjo }mh l jolbfbgio}} eo}msf{uds f` fu obmdj{l}}o} uho

fbuosblufdbli mdbemu d` uho _bfuoe ]uluo}) whfmh edo}bu d{ob fu} jduh wfuhdu

{slf}fbg eojdmslmv l} fu} msmfli }oi`*eo`fbfufdb lijd}u" Uho ioù f} clssob coml}omil}}fm Mdjjbf}j) mdbpobufdbli Mdjjbf}j) f} }d ef}so{ulcio uhlu bd dbo mlb

}osfd}iv lepdmluo fu" Lbe uho ioù) uho fbeo{obeobu ioù) uho }dmflif}u ioù) hl} {lsuiv }die

du" [lsuiv ufsoe) F uhfbn) lbe fu} boglufpo"

F edbu wlbu ud }dbe ifno {lsu d` uho coifuuifbg idccv cu) opob whob uho {osfdefmli

{so}} f} woii fbuobufdboe) uhoso} olsbo}ubo}} wfuhdu obuos{sf}o" Fu} lii {oeo}usflb" F

edbu jolb uhf} fb lbv }bdccf}h wlv) fu a}u ilmn} ilb) fu ilmn} oxmfuojobu) fu ilmn}

obadvjobu" Uhoso} bd soli `b coml}o }{fuo f} bdu `b lbe lu {so}obu uho dbiv soli wfu

f} uho wfu d` eo{somlufdb) ef}jf}}li) ef}ul}uo" Wfuh L`sfml ]duh) wo woso imnv)coml}o wo mljo lu l ufjo whob uhoso wl} bduhfbg ud co }lfe `ds ds obojfo}" Uhov

woso lc}diuoiv ef}g}ufbg lbe wo nbow wo woso sfghu lbe uhlu fu wl} l jluuos d` ufjo"

Wo coifopoe fb hf}udsv) wo mlsoe lcdu uho ùso) wo hle l }ob}o d` efsomufdb" Fu wl}

ifno uhlu {osfde d` uho @sobmh Sopdiufdb whob uho Obgif}h {dou} uhdghu gile jdsbfbg)

mdb`feobu gile jdsbfbg uhlu uho wdsie wl} mhlbgfbg lbe d{obfbg {"


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U HO G SL PO D @ U HO J FB E 36

36

Fb @ocslsv


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=; S D B L I E ] O G L I

Uho hdssds hl} }c}feoe bdw) l} dbo hdssds edo} fb ]duh L`sfml) ud jlno sddj `ds

lbduhos" Jd}u d` } whd fb


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U HO G SL PO D @ U HO J FB E = fb bd }caomu jlv lbuf*Mhsf}uflb

ds bdb*Mhsf}uflb ds lbuf*blufdblif}u ds bdb*blufdblif}u {sd{lglbel co jleo (Lsufmio

0(f&&"

Uho Mhsmh j}u oxosmf}o uho bomo}}lsv ef}mf{ifbo dpos uho edmusfbo lbe ifpo} d` uho

uolmhos}" Uho pfgfilbmo j}u co oxosmf}oe uhsdgh uho {lsobu} (Lsufmio 8(fp&&"

Lbe }d) fb uho {difmfbg d` uho jfbe) uhoso lso uho usbmhodb} d` uho ilw" Wfuh uho

lc}diuo luhdsfuv gfpob hfj cv uho Clbu Oemlufdb Lmu) uho Jfbf}uos d` Blufpo L``lfs}

hl} comdjo uho {lusdiifbg Cilmn Jlsfl d` L`sfmlb oemlufdb" Ho f} oj{dwosoe ud mid}o

lbv }mhddi) {sfpluo) jf}}fdb ds gdposbjobu) lu hf} ef}msoufdb) lbe l{{dfbu) {sdjduo)

uslb}`os ds ef}mhlsgo lbv uolmhos db uho }ul`` d` l gdposbjobu }mhddi) ofuhos efsomuiv ds

uhsdgh l {ouuv d``fmfli d` hf} eo{lsujobu) wfuhdu sol}db ds soeso}}" ]fbmo =< Jlsmh


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U HO G SL PO D @ U HO J FB E =?

uho Jfbf}uos jlv `sdj ufjo ud ufjo jlno sogilufdb}

(m& {so}msfcfbg l mdeo d` ef}mf{ifbo `ds uolmhos} fb Gdposbjobu Clbu }mhddi}) uho

{bf}hjobu} whfmh jlv co fj{d}oe `ds) lbe uho {sdmoeso ud co `diidwoe fb

mdbbomufdb wfuh) lbv mdbuslpobufdb ds l `lfiso ud mdj{iv wfuh uho {sdpf}fdb} d`}mh mdeo) lbe uho mfsmj}ulbmo} fb whfmh uho }ospfmo} d` lbv }mh uolmhos jlv co

uosjfbluoe (Mil}o


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=0 S D B L I E ] O G L I

fb}usmufdb) josoiv mhdd}fbg hoso lbe mhdd}fbg uhoso> uhoso }hdie co bd luuoj{u

ud somdbmfio ds lcdif}h uho `beljobuli d{{d}fufdb}> `ds Msoluds lbe msoluoe) jlb

lbe col}u) fbefpfeli lbe mdjjbfuv) luhdsfuv lbe `sooedj sojlfb fb {sfbmf{io

fb}dicio fb olmh duhos" O}{omfliiv fb uho _bfpos}fufo} ed wo booe uho sfghu {os}dbboi>`ds {sd`o}}ds} lbe iomusos} jlno uho fb}ufuufdb lbe eouosjfbo fu} gfefbg }{fsfu" Fu

f} lii*fj{dsulbu uhoso`dso uhlu uho uolmhfbg }ul`` }hdie co mdbpfbmoe Mhsf}uflb*

Blufdbli }mfobuf}u}"

(fff& Hfghos oemlufdb }hdie co }d mdbusdiioe uhlu uho Mhsf}uflb*blufdbli pfow d` if`o

jlv mdjo fbud fu} dwb"

Wo hlpo coob wlsboe lisolev" Uho mdb}mfobmo mil}o uhlu uolmhos} ed bdu booe ud

{d}}o}} lbv {lsufmils soifgfdb fb dseos ud co lmmo{uoe l} uolmhos} fb gdposbjobu }mhddi}lbe bfpos}fufo} f} `beljobuli ud oemlufdbli {slmufmo lii dpos uho mfpfif}oe wdsie" Cu

fb


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U HO G SL PO D @ U HO J FB E =7

Ifuuiowdde whd hle coob beos dc}osplufdb `ds }djo ufjo" Uhf} hl} hl{{oboe lu

]uoiiobcd}mh) bdu [dumho`}usddj whoso Mhsf}uflb Blufdbli Oemlufdb hl} fu} bo}u lbe

mdb}ulbu dc}osplufdb d` }ul`` f} ud co ox{omuoe" F} l bfpos}fuv uolmhos ud oj{idv dbiv

uhd}o uomhbf|o} d` whfmh posv fj{dsulbu {od{io l{{sdpo) liuhdgh uho posv fj{dsulbu{od{io jlv nbdw bduhfbg lu lii d` hdw ud uolmh uho }caomu fbpdipoe4 Uho whdio

Ifuuiowdde ml}o }jlmn} d` jobuli wfso ul{{fbg d` uho jd}u }fbf}uos }dsu"

Uho iluo Es U"C" Elpfo) {sfbmf{li d` uho _bfpos}fuv d` Ml{o Udwb) }lfe fb l iomuso

fb


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=8 S D B L I E ] O G L I

uhofs dwb fj{sf}dbjobu" Ud }lv uhlu l cle oemlufdb f} couuos uhlb bd oemlufdb lu lii f}

`li}o ud uho sddu}" Fu }{oln}) l} @luhos Heeio}udb wsduo) fb uho pdfmo d` Pfmhv" F` uho

bfpos}fufo} j}u }`òs jufilufdb) iou uhoj }`òs fu l} pfmufj}) bdu mdbedbo fu l}

lmmdj{ifmo}" @ds duhoswf}o uhov wfii co l} gfiuv fb uho obe l} uho dsfgfbli {os{ousluds}"Cu }d ls l} fu f} uho mdbmosb d` uho bfpos}fufo}) }d ls f} fu uho mdbmosb d` uho whdio

mdbusv" Uhoso mdjo} l ufjo fb uho lgdbv d` l {od{io whob du d` uhofs eo}{lfs uhov

j}u gluhos { mdslgo obdgh ud }lv bd jdso) bdu lu lbv {sfmo" Ds `fghu ud noo{ uho

bfpos}fufo} `soo f} l `fghu l} jmh `ds ds mhfiesob l} `ds ds}oipo}" Ud liidw uho }uluo ud

ilv fb ]duh L`sfml mi}uos} d` lmleojfo} whfmh wfii eo`dsj uho jfbe} d` ùso

goboslufdb} fbud uho coifo` uhlu uhov woso cdsb jl}uos} ds l coifo` uhlu uhov woso cdsb

}ilpo} f} ud cfie `ds ds}oipo} lbe `ds uhd}o mdjfbg lùos } l mdbusv cdseosoe cv

clscoe wfso lbe ifu dbiv cv }olsmhifghu}"

africa south: viewpoints 1956-1961

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