africa in the medieval period. africa is the 2 nd largest continent on earth
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AfricaIn the Medieval
Period
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Africa is the 2nd largest
continent on Earth
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Climate
• Sahara –
• Sahel –
• Savannah –
• Rain forests –
Northern African Desert
A strip of land dividing the desert from wetter areas
Open grasslands with scattered trees
Moist, densely wooded areas
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Sahel
Savannah
Sahara
Rainforest
What impacts Africa’s Climates?
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5 regions of Africa
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Sub-Sahara Africa
Why is Sub Sahara Africa isolated?1.It was almost impossible to cross without modern transportation.2. Both the sub-Saharan Africans and the people north of the desert were fearful of venturing into the ocean. 3.The tsetse flies that live on the edge of the desert carry deadly diseases.
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Traditional African ReligionANIMISM
1.Belief in one remote Supreme Being.
2. A world of spirits (good & bad) in all things.
3. Ancestor veneration
4. Belief in magic, charms, and fetishes.
5. Diviner mediator between the tribe and God.
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Griot (Gree-oh)
• Storytellers– Hereditary caste– Entertain people
with stories, poems, songs, dances, etc.
Keep oral histories of the tribe or village
Griot Video
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Most important people to early West Africans?
• Extended families
• Age-sets
• Griots
• Ancestors
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Africa’s Mineral Resources• Salt in the North
Gold in the South
Trade created empires• Ghana & Mali
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Empire of Ghana (A.D. 700-1100)
• Ghana – 1st Empire– Control trading routes– Powerful armies gain
lands• Decline
– Muslim Invasion, overgrazing & internal rebellion
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Empire of Mali (1230-1550)
• Mali – 2nd Empire – Sundiata conquered Ghana
– Converts to Islam to appease traders
– Controls trade routes
• Decline: poor leadership, empire too large
– Kingdom of Songhai eventually overtakes Mali
– Morroccans eventually overpower and destroy Songhai
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Mansa Musa(MAHN-sah moo-SAH)
• Mali’s most famous Muslim ruler• Sundiata’s grandson• Went on pilgrimage to Mecca
– Handed out gold• Value dropped 10%-15%
• Introduced the Mali Empire to the world
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Ghana & Mali SimilaritiesBoth empires
developed due to the Niger RiverFood was plentiful
Major trading centers because trade routes passed through the empires
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Islamic Cultural Growth
• Trans-Saharan trade– Berbers (North Africans) brought Islamic
religion– Trade eventually controlled by Muslims
• Brought growth in – Islamic beliefs– Ethics– Laws
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Why Islam?
Merchants and traders in West Africa saw many advantages in converting to Islam
. • Literacy spread because belief in Islam encourages Muslims to learn the Quran.
• Many Muslims speak Arabic, the language of the Quran. In time, Arabic became the common language of the merchants and traders of West Africa.
• Strict Muslims follow Islamic law. It is easier to solve disputes when both parties agree on the laws.
• Conversion to Islam opened up new trading possibilities across North Africa and in Arabia. Many Muslims journey to Mecca at least once. This encouraged them to meet new people and discover new cultures.
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Timbuktu
Timbuktu was at the end of the camel caravan route that linked sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa and Arabia
Gold, kola nuts, ivory,
and salt! Mansa Musa’s Mosque Today it is a shadow of
it’s former self.
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Islamic Kingdoms – East Africa
• Indian Ocean trade and East Africa – Swahili language– The city-state: Zimbabwe– Trade: gold, slaves, ivory,
and exotics for Muslim pottery, textiles, and glass