afghanistan airborne and ground geophysical surveys
TRANSCRIPT
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AFGHANISTAN AIRBORNE
AND GROUND
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
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Data Applications
• Geological Mapping• Topography Mapping• Mineral Assessments• Oil/Gas Assessments• Coal Assessments• Hazard Assessments• Vegetation Assessments
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High Altitude Airborne Geophysical Surveys
• Using Navy Research Laboratory P-3 – Magnetics– Gravity
– SAR
– Photography– AVIRIS
• 5000 m above ground level at 8000m line spacing over Afghanistan
– Spatial resolution for gravity & magnetic data > 4 km in grid– Spatial resolution for gravity & magnetic data ~10 m along profiles
• $4.5M funding to NRL + 0.5 M to USGS-CICT from $30M supplemental budget
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Co-Located Sensor Testbed
P-3 Research Aircraft
New Common Sensor Bomb-bay Pallet
NRL HSI SENSORS
Diamond HeadShort-Wave Infrared
HISTARLong-Wave Infrared
X/L Wide-Band-BandMod for P/C Band
OR
NUWSAR SENSOR
Magnetometer
Gravity Sensor
KGPS
HYCORDERLong-Wave Infrared
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Oil/Gas Exploration
• Targets
– Basins (shape size)
– Basement faulting
– Internal basin faulting
– Salt structures
– Volcanism
• Geophysical Techniques
– Magnetics
– Gravity
– Altimetry/photography
• Platforms
– Fixed Wing Aircraft
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Magnetic Ano
Antarctic airborne gravity, magnetic, radar surveys
Studinger et al., EPSL, 2003
Magnetic Anomaly (nT)
10 km line spacing
~3-4 km above bedrock
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Collection of P-3 Airborne geophysical data
• USGS personnel QC data
• Training opportunities for AGS– Magnetic Base station data collection– collect ground magnetic and gravity data to
support mapping project and ground truth– QC software training– QC process training– Short-course in potential-field methods??
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GETECH MAGNETIC DATAFlown 1967; 1976
Available as 1 km grid (=~4 km line spacing)
Cannot publish images of data
Can identify deep block fault systems
Funds for data purchase in Minerals budget
Want original digitized line dataHelmund Basin
5 km spacing
1 km spacing
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NIMA GRAVITY DATAGround-based data from NIMA for USGS use
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FUGRO MAGNETIC DATA
2000 m line spacing, 100 m above ground in 2000
Horizontal resolution ~1 km
Proprietary data for Mid East Oil & Gas company (availability & cost unknown)
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Magnetics Gravity
Geophysical Interpretation
Olympic Dam areaMagnetic Anomaly Map
Olympic Dam areaBouguer Gravity Map
crystalline basement map, registered with DEM, surface geology
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(Bell et al., 1998)
ICE STREAM ONSET REGION, CENTRAL WEST ANTARCTICA
AVHRR
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(Bell et al., 1998)
2-D GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC MODELS CONSTRAINED
WITH SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA Over Ice stream Upstream of Ice stream
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Analysis of Airborne geophysical data
• USGS leads effort• Training opportunities for AGS
– Software– Analysis – Database development, maintenance and public
release– Interpretation
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DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS
• Get GETECH magnetic data
• Get CCC/FUGRO magnetic data
• Fund P3 aerogeophysical survey
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Regional Magnetic DataHigh resolution magnetic data
High resolution airborne geophysical surveys(including UAV’s for mag)
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Igneous rocks estimated at 150-m depth
Igneous rocks estimated at 15-m depth
Exposed igneous rocks
Interpreted fault trace
Explanation
Grauch, 2001
An Example fromAlbuquerque Basin, New
Mexico
Interpreting Hydrogeologic Features from High-resolution Aeromagnetic Data
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Environmental / Water• Targets
– Development of Water Supplies
– Salt Water / Water Quality
– Natural Hazards
– Mine Waste
– Chemical/Nuclear Waste
– Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)
• Geophysical Techniques
– Magnetics
– Electromagnetics
– Radiometrics
• Platforms (High Resolution)
– Low flying Fixed Wing
– Helicopters
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Line 10240
Vertical Exaggeration~x20
2000m
1 Mile
100m
TrinityGroup
Sinkhole
Del Rio ClayEdwardsGroup
nothing
SOUTH NORTH
Mapped structurecorrelation
Geophysical structurecorrelation
Sensor height
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Mineral Exploration• Targets
– Mineralization/Alteration
– Faulting
– Intrusions
– Volcanism
• Geophysical Techniques
– Magnetics/Gravity
– Electromagnetics
– Radiometrics
– Remote Sensing
• Platforms (Resolution)
– Fixed Wing Aircraft
– Helicopters
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The Pinnacle
Integration of geophysical dataand DOQ’s, DEM’s
summit
WhiteSalmonGlacier
AvalancheGlacier
200 m resistivitydepth slice
Alteration mapping
Ice thickness
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HIGH- RESOLUTION AIRBORNE DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS
• Use regional data to identify areas for detailed surveys
• Determine relatively safe areas for detailed low-altitude commercial UAV and/or helo surveys
• Ask for variance to military restrictions on low altitude flights
• solicit contractors
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AGS ground-based geophysical data collection
Gravity
Magnetics
DC Resistivity
Bore hole geophysics
Rock property measurements
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HIGH- RESOLUTION GROUND DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS
• Use regional data to identify areas for detailed surveys
• Buy geophysical equipment for AGS
• Train AGS personnel to collect, reduce, archive, and interpret data
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DOD BUDGETItem Cost
aircraft time (300 hours @ $6000/hr) 1,800,000
Per diem 100000
7420 salaries 800000
radar salaries 400000
hyperspectral salaries 300000
gravity meter refurbishment 100000
radome flight qualifications 75000
AVIRIS hyperspectral instrument 550000
ortho photo camera 370000
CICT quality control, AGS training, database salaries 600000
TOTAL 5,095,000
2, 6 week deployments of 150 hours each, approx. 50 hr transit to-from Bahrain
Per-diem & transportation costs for civilian & military crews including prep, mobilization, deployment & demob
project management, sensor-aircraft integration, KGPS/grav/mag acquisition, analysis and geoid production (4-FTE)
SAR imagery team data acquisition and reduction salaries ( 2 FTE)
hyperspectral team salaries (1.5 FTE)
gravity meter adjust and calibration, 2 units
NAVAIR approval of P-3 radome for SAR installation
rental of equipment
procurement of APPLANIX DSS digital photogrammetry system