affixes
TRANSCRIPT
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by Mr. Ezekiel D. Rodriguez
Parts of aWord
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WHAT IS A ROOT?
A root, as its name suggests, is a word or word part from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes.
The root of the word vocabulary, for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning "word" or "name." This root also appears in the words advocacy, convocation, evocative, vocal, and vociferous.
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EXAMPLES:
ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES
-ast(er)-(G) star asteroid, astronomy
-audi- (L) hear audible, audience
-auto- (G) self automatic, autopsy
-bene- (L) good benefit, benign
-bio- (G) life biography, biology
-chrono- (G) time chronic, synchronize
-dict- (L) say dictate, diction
-duc- (L) lead, make deduce, produce
-gen- (L) give birth gene, generate
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MAIN TYPES OF
PrefixSuffix
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WHAT ARE ?
A word element – usually a prefix or suffix--that can be attached to a base, stem, or root to form a new word.
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WHAT ARE ?
Etymology:
From the Latin Figere, "fasten"
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PREFIX
A letter or group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that partly indicates its meaning.
Common prefixes include anti- (against), co- (with), mis- (wrong, bad), and trans-(across).
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TYPES OF
Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning.
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PREFIX
Etymology: From the Latin Praefixum, "to
fasten in front"
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PREFIX
During the 1980s, 'mini-' gave way to 'micro-,' which has yielded to 'nano-.' In the new millennium, companies such as Nanometrics, Nanogen and NanoPierce Technologies have all embraced the prefix, despite complaints their products were hardly nano-scale (a billionth of a meter or smaller).
(Alex Boese, "Electrocybertronics," Smithsonian, March 2008)
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COMMON PREFIXES
Prefix Meaning Examplea-, an- without amoralante- before antecedentanti- against anticlimaxauto- self autopilot
circum- around circumventco- with copilot
com-, con- with companion, contact
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COMMON PREFIXES
contra- against contradict
de- off, away from devalue
dis- not disappearen- put into enclose
ex- out of, former extract, ex-president
extra- beyond, more than extracurricular
hetero- different heterosexualhomo- same homonym
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COMMON PREFIXES
intra- between intravenous
macro- large macroeconomics
micro- small microscopemono- one monoclenon- not, without nonentity
omni- all, every omniscientpost- after postmortem
pre-, pro- before, forward
precede, project
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COMMON PREFIXES
sub- under submarine
syn- same time synchronize
trans- across transmit
tri- three tricycle
un- not unfinished
uni- one unicorn
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SUFFIX
"Gazebo: The name is an 18th-century joke word combining 'gaze' with the Latin suffix 'ebo,' meaning 'I shall.‘”
(Encyclopedia Britannica Online)
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TYPES OF
Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning.
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EXAMPLE:
adjective: dark / suffixed noun: darkness
verb: agree / suffixed noun: agreement
noun: friend / suffixed noun: friendship
(Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken English, Longman, 2002)
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SUFFIX
A letter or group of letters added to the end of a word or stem (i.e., a base form), serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending.
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SUFFIX
Etymology: From the Latin Suffixum, “to
fasten underneath”
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COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
Suffix Meaning Example
-acy state or quality privacy
-al act or process of refusal
-ance, -ence state or quality of
maintenance, eminence
-dom place or state of being
freedom, kingdom
-er, -or one who trainer, protector
-ism doctrine, belief communism
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COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
-ist one who chemist
-ity, -ty quality of veracity
-ment condition of argument
-ness state of being heaviness
-ship position held fellowship
-sion, -tion state of being concession, transition
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COMMON VERB SUFFIXES
-ate become eradicate
-en become enlighten
-ify, -fy make or become terrify
-ize, -ise become civilize
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COMMON ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-able, -ible capable of being edible, presentable
-al pertaining to regional
-esque reminiscent of picturesque
-ful notable for fanciful
-ic, -ical pertaining to musical, mythic
-ious, -ous characterized by nutritious, portentous
-ish having the quality of fiendish
-ive having the nature of creative
-less without endless
-y characterized by sleazy