Aerosol Simulation Capabilities in GEOS-5Cynthia Randles, Peter Colarco, Arlindo da Silva,

Ravi Govindaraju, and Ed Nowottnick

AEROCENTER Aerosol UpdateApril 29, 2010

GEOS-5 on-line GOCART

Aerosol Module• A version of the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport Model (GOCART) [Chin et al., 2002] embedded in GEOS AGCM [Colarco et al., 2009].

• Treatment of major tropospheric aerosols (dust, sea salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon) including sources, sinks and chemical transformations.

• Dust, sea salt, and DMS emissions have a wind dependency.

• Sulfate, sea salt, and hydrophyllic carbonaceous aerosols grow with changing model relative humidity.

• Optical properties (with exception of dust) from OPAC; dust uses OPAC except in visible, where optical properties based on AERONET measurements are used.

Climate

Meteorological Assimilation

Time

Stat

e

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Climate

Meteorological Assimilation

Time

Stat

e

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Climate

Meteorological Assimilation

Time

Stat

e

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Climate

Meteorological Assimilation

Time

Stat

e

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Climate

Meteorological Assimilation

Time

Stat

e

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Assimilation As in Climate mode, but with some periodicity an atmospheric assimilation is performed and the atmospheric state is adjusted.

Climate “Free-running” AGCM. May respond to, e.g., imposed sea surface temperatures, prescribed aerosol distributions, etc.

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

NASA GEOS-5 Model Modes

Assimilation As in Climate mode, but with some periodicity an atmospheric assimilation is performed and the atmospheric state is adjusted.

Time

Stat

e

Forecast The model performs an atmospheric assimilation and a forecast of the free-running system is spun off.

MostlyScattering Aerosol

More Absorbing Aerosol

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface

The Aerosol Direct Effect

Solar Radiation Absorbed by Aerosol Layer

Surface Radiative Cooling Surface Radiative Cooling

Atmospheric Radiative Warming

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

The Aerosol Indirect Effect

graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory

Larger cloud droplets,less reflective cloud.

Smaller cloud droplets,more reflective cloud.

Larger cloud droplets,droplets rain out easier,clouds dissipate quicker.

Smaller cloud droplets,droplets rain out less,longer-lived clouds.

Less Aerosols More Aerosols

Twomey Effect

Albrecht Effect

The Aerosol Semi-Direct Effect

Absorbing Aerosol

Radiative HeatingStability Increases

Evaporation Decreases

Surface radiative warming due to reduction in low-level clouds

RH decreases

Surface radiative cooling due to aerosol layer vs. no aerosol layer

Aerosol Effects in GEOS-5

MostlyScattering Aerosol

More Absorbing Aerosol

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface

The Aerosol Direct Effect

Solar Radiation Absorbed by Aerosol Layer

Surface Radiative Cooling Surface Radiative Cooling

Atmospheric Radiative Warming

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

The Aerosol Indirect Effect

graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory

Larger cloud droplets,less reflective cloud.

Smaller cloud droplets,more reflective cloud.

Larger cloud droplets,droplets rain out easier,clouds dissipate quicker.

Smaller cloud droplets,droplets rain out less,longer-lived clouds.

Less Aerosols More Aerosols

Twomey Effect

Albrecht Effect

The Aerosol Semi-Direct Effect

Absorbing Aerosol

Radiative HeatingStability Increases

Evaporation Decreases

Surface radiative warming due to reduction in low-level clouds

RH decreases

Surface radiative cooling due to aerosol layer vs. no aerosol layer

Aerosol Effects in GEOS-5

MostlyScattering Aerosol

More Absorbing Aerosol

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface

The Aerosol Direct Effect

Solar Radiation Absorbed by Aerosol Layer

Surface Radiative Cooling Surface Radiative Cooling

Atmospheric Radiative Warming

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

The Aerosol Indirect Effect

graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory

Larger cloud droplets,less reflective cloud.

Smaller cloud droplets,more reflective cloud.

Larger cloud droplets,droplets rain out easier,clouds dissipate quicker.

Smaller cloud droplets,droplets rain out less,longer-lived clouds.

Less Aerosols More Aerosols

Twomey Effect

Albrecht Effect

The Aerosol Semi-Direct Effect

Absorbing Aerosol

Radiative HeatingStability Increases

Evaporation Decreases

Surface radiative warming due to reduction in low-level clouds

RH decreases

Surface radiative cooling due to aerosol layer vs. no aerosol layer

Aerosol Effects in GEOS-5

MostlyScattering Aerosol

More Absorbing Aerosol

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface Less Solar Radiation Reaches Surface

The Aerosol Direct Effect

Solar Radiation Absorbed by Aerosol Layer

Surface Radiative Cooling Surface Radiative Cooling

Atmospheric Radiative Warming

Solar Radiation Scattered to Space

The Aerosol Indirect Effect

graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory graphic courtesy NASA Earth Observatory

Larger cloud droplets,less reflective cloud.

Smaller cloud droplets,more reflective cloud.

Larger cloud droplets,droplets rain out easier,clouds dissipate quicker.

Smaller cloud droplets,droplets rain out less,longer-lived clouds.

Less Aerosols More Aerosols

Twomey Effect

Albrecht Effect

The Aerosol Semi-Direct Effect

Absorbing Aerosol

Radiative HeatingStability Increases

Evaporation Decreases

Surface radiative warming due to reduction in low-level clouds

RH decreases

Surface radiative cooling due to aerosol layer vs. no aerosol layer

x

Aerosol Effects in GEOS-5

PIESA Experiments(Preliminary Integrated Earth System Analysis)

http://www.geos5.org/wiki/index.php?title=GEOS-5_Configuration_for_PIESA

Experiment[2.5°×2.0°]

Description Purpose

No Aerosol Forcing (Base Case)

No aerosol radiat ive forcing.

Use this simulation to ascertain aerosol climate impact by comparing to next two simulations.

Interactive Aerosol Forcing

GOCART aerosols run interactively, impacting the model dynamics

What do the climate and aerosol distributions look like if they are internally consistent? How different is the climate response relative to being forced by climatological aerosols?

Climatology Ae ro so l c l ima to l o g y p r e s c r i b e d f r o m interactive run (above).

Monthly-mean aerosol climatology from a consistent on-line aerosol version of the model (interactive run). What is the climate effect of removing the influence of meteorology on aerosol distributions?

Fully Interactive GOCART Aerosols Y2003

Annual Emissions from AeroCom

GEOS-5 Aerosol Burdens Y2003

J F M A M J J A S O N D Month

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Dust

Bur

den

[Tg]

ght axis); Lifetime = 5.6 dayst; Lifetime = 0.3 daysLifetime = 7.5 daysarbon; Lifetime = 8.4 daysate Organic Matter; Lifetime = 7.9 days

Dust (right axis); Lifetime = 5.6 daysSea Salt; Lifetime = 0.3 daysSulfate; Lifetime = 7.5 daysBlack Carbon; Lifetime = 8.4 daysParticulate Organic Matter; Lifetime = 7.9 days

GEOS-5 Aerosol Burdens Y2003

J F M A M J J A S O N D Month

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Dus

t Bur

den

[Tg]

ght axis); Lifetime = 5.6 dayst; Lifetime = 0.3 daysLifetime = 7.5 daysarbon; Lifetime = 8.4 daysate Organic Matter; Lifetime = 7.9 days

Dust (right axis); Lifetime = 5.6 daysSea Salt; Lifetime = 0.3 daysSulfate; Lifetime = 7.5 daysBlack Carbon; Lifetime = 8.4 daysParticulate Organic Matter; Lifetime = 7.9 days

GEOS-5 Aerosol Burdens Y2003

Carb

onac

eous

and

Sea

Sal

t [T

g];

Sulf

ate

[TgS

] Bur

dens D

ust Burden [Tg]

6.0 40

• Biomass burning emissions from GFEDv2 [van der Werf et al., 2006].• Fossil fuel/biofuel: carbonaceous emissions Bond et al. [2004] and Streets et al. [2008]; EDGAR database and Streets et al. [2008] for SO2 emissions.

Emissions Driven by AGCM Winds

Source Function from Ginoux et al. [2001]

Comparison to MISR AOT

AOT:0.17 AOT:0.15

Comparison to MISR AOT

AOT:0.17 AOT:0.15

Comparison to MISR AOT

AOT:0.17 AOT:0.15

Comparison to MISR AOT

AOT:0.17 AOT:0.15

Comparison to AERONET

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5AERONET

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.396bias = -0.025

rms = 0.036skill = 0.615y = 0.28x + 0.06

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.519bias = -0.059

rms = 0.238skill = 0.537y = 0.28x + 0.88

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

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0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

440-

870

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

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0.05

0.10

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

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1.0

1.2Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.139bias = 0.317

rms = 0.137skill = 0.226y = 0.39x + 0.43

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

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0.10

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

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tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

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2.0Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.136bias = -0.266

rms = 0.183skill = 0.563y = 0.15x + 1.01

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

AOT

Angstrom Exponent

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

0.5

2.5 2.5

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.5

2.5 2.02.00.8

Comparison to AERONET

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5AERONET

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.396bias = -0.025

rms = 0.036skill = 0.615y = 0.28x + 0.06

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.519bias = -0.059

rms = 0.238skill = 0.537y = 0.28x + 0.88

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

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0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

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0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

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tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

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tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

440-

870

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

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tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

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tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

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0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.139bias = 0.317

rms = 0.137skill = 0.226y = 0.39x + 0.43

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.136bias = -0.266

rms = 0.183skill = 0.563y = 0.15x + 1.01

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

AOT

Angstrom Exponent

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

0.5

2.5 2.5

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.5

2.5 2.02.00.8

Comparison to AERONET

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5AERONET

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.396bias = -0.025

rms = 0.036skill = 0.615y = 0.28x + 0.06

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

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0.6

0.8

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.519bias = -0.059

rms = 0.238skill = 0.537y = 0.28x + 0.88

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

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0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

440-

870

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

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0.3

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.139bias = 0.317

rms = 0.137skill = 0.226y = 0.39x + 0.43

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

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0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.136bias = -0.266

rms = 0.183skill = 0.563y = 0.15x + 1.01

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

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tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

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0.06

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frac

tion

AOT

Angstrom Exponent

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

0.5

2.5 2.5

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.5

2.5 2.02.00.8

Comparison to AERONET

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5AERONET

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.396bias = -0.025

rms = 0.036skill = 0.615y = 0.28x + 0.06

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.519bias = -0.059

rms = 0.238skill = 0.537y = 0.28x + 0.88

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

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tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

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tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

440-

870

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

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0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.139bias = 0.317

rms = 0.137skill = 0.226y = 0.39x + 0.43

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

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0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.136bias = -0.266

rms = 0.183skill = 0.563y = 0.15x + 1.01

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

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frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

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frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

AOT

Angstrom Exponent

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

0.5

2.5 2.5

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.5

2.5 2.02.00.8

Comparison to AERONET

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5AERONET

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.396bias = -0.025

rms = 0.036skill = 0.615y = 0.28x + 0.06

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5La Jolla

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.519bias = -0.059

rms = 0.238skill = 0.537y = 0.28x + 0.88

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

440-

870

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.139bias = 0.317

rms = 0.137skill = 0.226y = 0.39x + 0.43

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Moscow MSU_MO

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 9r = 0.136bias = -0.266

rms = 0.183skill = 0.563y = 0.15x + 1.01

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AO

T [5

00 n

m]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

frac

tion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

frac

tion

AOT

Angstrom Exponent

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

0.5

2.5 2.5

0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.5

2.5 2.02.00.8

Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.844

0-87

0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5M

odel

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

AOT

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

SSA

0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.5

0.7

1.0

Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.844

0-87

0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5M

odel

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

AOT

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

SSA

GEOS-5 is more scattering than AERONET

0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.5

0.7

1.0

Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.844

0-87

0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5M

odel

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

AOT

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

SSA

GEOS-5 is more absorbing than AERONET

0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.5

0.7

1.0

Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.918bias = 0.079

rms = 0.057skill = 0.919y = 0.75x + 0.13

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5GSFC

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.605bias = -0.291

rms = 0.147skill = 0.412y = 0.26x + 0.93

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.650bias = 0.105

rms = 0.135skill = 0.778y = 0.83x + 0.17

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Capo Verde

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.844

0-87

0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.154bias = -0.018

rms = 0.116skill = 0.412y = 0.08x + 0.19

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8AERONET

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.897bias = -0.126

rms = 0.135skill = 0.131y = 0.17x + 0.07

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2AOT

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Mongu

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5M

odel

n = 12r = 0.270bias = -0.112

rms = 0.337skill = 0.222y = 0.09x + 1.27

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Angstrom Exponent

0.000.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

AOT

[500

nm

]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.880bias = -0.325

rms = 0.270skill = 0.148y = 0.18x + 0.18

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

PDF of AOT

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5AOT

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

fract

ion

J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Beijing

J F M A M J J A S O N D year: 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

440-

870

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0AERONET

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Mod

el

n = 12r = 0.864bias = -0.076

rms = 0.075skill = 0.929y = 0.92x + 0.03

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

PDF of Angstrom Exponent

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Angstrom Exponent

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

fract

ion

AOT

AERONET Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

GEOS-5 Y2003 Monthly Mean and Std. Dev.

SSA

0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.5

0.7

1.0

Aerosol - Climate Interactions

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative ForcingMeteorology

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative ForcingMeteorologyJ F M A M J J A S O N D

MONTH

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.000.050.100.150.20

Aer

osol

Opt

ical

Dep

th

Interactive AerosolsClimatology Aerosols

Interactive AerosolsClimatology Aerosols

Daily Average Global AOD Feedbacks in the Model:

•Climatology Aerosol mass distributions are linearly interpolated between monthly mean values (calculated from Interactive Aerosol experiment), but model relative humidity can modulate aerosol optical depth

• In addition, Interactive Aerosol mass distributions change at every time step and respond to model meteorology (e.g. through wet deposition)

Interactive Aerosols

Climatology Aerosols

What are the effects of aerosols on climate?

-0.08

Surface Air Temperature Change

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

Interactive Aerosols - No Aerosol Forcing

Climatology Aerosols - No Aerosol Forcing

-0.04

Interactive Aerosols

Climatology Aerosols

What are the effects of aerosols on climate?

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

Interactive Aerosols - No Aerosol ForcingPrecipitation Change

Climatology Aerosols - No Aerosol Forcing

Interactive Aerosols

Climatology Aerosols

-0.01

-0.01

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive Aerosols

230235240245250255260265270275280285290295300Surface Air Temperature [K]

286.53

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

No aerosol forcing

230235240245250255260265270275280285290295300Surface Air Temperature [K]

286.53

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive aerosols - No aerosol forcing

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Surface Air Temperature [K]

0.00

Interactive - No aerosols

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive Aerosols

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

2.87

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

No aerosol forcing

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

2.89

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive aerosols - No aerosol forcing

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

-0.02

Interactive - No aerosols

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive Aerosols

230235240245250255260265270275280285290295300Surface Air Temperature [K]

286.60

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

No aerosol forcing

230235240245250255260265270275280285290295300Surface Air Temperature [K]

286.53

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive aerosols - No aerosol forcing

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0Surface Air Temperature [K]

0.07

Climatology - No aerosols

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive Aerosols

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

2.90

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

No aerosol forcing

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

2.89

55E 75E 95E30S20S10SEQ

10N20N30N40N50N

Interactive aerosols - No aerosol forcing

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Total Precipitation [mm d-1]

0.01

Climatology - No aerosols

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

Aerosol Distributions

Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Meteorology

MAM

MAM

MAM

MAM

Regional and Shorter Time-Scale Changes

Climatology Aerosols

Surface Air Temperature Change Precipitation Change

Interactive Aerosols

Take Home Message and Future Directions ...

•On-line aerosols can impact model climate differently than off-line aerosol climatologies.•Multi-year PIESA simulations (2000-2006) with multiple ensembles•Fully characterize GEOS-5 aerosol properties and compare to available observations•Examine global and regional climate response. •Determine statistical significance of response.•Eventually, repeat with coupled ocean-atmosphere model.

• Examples of ongoing refinements to aerosols in GEOS-5:•Diurnal biomass burning emissions•Sub-grid RH variability impacts on aerosol optical properties.