CHAPTER 3:AERODROME DATA

3.1 Aerodrome information to be provided for a certified aerodrome

3.1.1 Aerodrome chart. An aerodrome chart will contain the following information:

a) layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s);

b) type of the runway surfaces;

c) designations and length of runways;

d) designations of the taxiways, where applicable;

e) location of illuminated and non- illuminated wind direction indicators;

f) location of the aerodrome reference point;

g) location of terminal buildings;

h) location of control tower;

i) location of fire station;

j) location of navigation aids;

k) location of isolation bay; and

l) location of helipads; where provided.

3.1.2 Aerodrome administration. This will include:

a) name, address, telephone and facsimile numbers of the aerodrome operator;

b) aerodrome usage;

c) aerodrome charges.

3.1.3 Aerodrome location. This information will include:

a) name of aerodrome;

b) latitude and longitude, based on the aerodrome reference point;

c) magnetic variation;

d) aerodrome elevation.

3.1.4 Movement area. The following information will be included:

a) aerodrome reference code number;

b) runway bearings- in degrees magnetic and true;

c) runway length and surface type;

d) runway pavement strength rating/ load bearing strength;

e) runway and runway strip width;

f) runway slopes;

g) runway declared distances;

h) elevation of the mid point of runway threshold, for instrument runways;

i) runway turning area;

j) Taxiway designation, width, surface type;

k) Apron surface type and aircraft stands.

3.1.5 Visual aids (aeronautical marking and lighting system)

3.1.5.1 This information will include:

a) Marking and lighting systems for runways;

b) approach lighting system;

c) visual approach slope indicator system;

d) aerodrome beacon;

e) marking and lighting systems for taxiways; and

f) any other marking and lighting systems.

3.1.6 Navigation aids

3.1.6.1 Details of all navigational aids serving the aerodromes will be provided.

3.1.7 Rescue and fire -fighting services

3.1.7.1 The category of aerodrome-based rescue and fire- fighting services will be

provided.

3.1.8 Ground services

3.1.8.1 This information will include:

a) availability of fuel (ATF);

b) automatic terminal information service where provided;

c) ground to air communication facilities

d) any other services available to pilots.

3.2 Standards for determining aerodrome information

3.2.1 Type of runway surface. The runway surface type is notified as either:

a) flexible runway surface – asphalt, gravel, bitumen seal coat;

b) rigid surface – cement concrete.

Note: Where only a portion of runway is sealed, this is advised accordingly.

3.2.2 Runway bearing and designation. The bearing of runways is determined in

degrees magnetic/ true. Runways are normally numbered in relation to their magnetic

direction, rounded off to the nearest 10 degrees.

3.2.3 Runway length. The physical length of runway is provided in whole numbers of

meters.

3.2.4 Taxiway designation. A single letter is used without numbers to designate each

main taxiway. Alpha-numeric designators are used for short feeder taxiways/taxilane.

3.2.5 Aerodrome reference point (ARP). The geographic coordinates of the

aerodrome reference point are notified in degrees, minutes and seconds; based on the

World Geodetic System-1984 (WGS-84). The ARP is located at or near the geometrical

centre of the aerodrome.

3.2.6 Aerodrome elevation. Elevation of the highest point of the landing area is

reported as Aerodrome elevation. Aerodrome elevation is reported in meters, to an

accuracy of one-half meter.

3.2.7 Runway reference code number. For each runway, reference code number is

provided as defined in Para 2.1, Chapter 2.

3.2.8 Pavement strength

a) Aircraft less than 5,700 Kg maximum take-off mass

The bearing strength of a pavement, intended for aircraft of 5700 Kg take-off

mass or less, will be made available by reporting the following information:

i) maximum allowable aircraft mass; and

ii) maximum allowable tyre pressure, e.g. 5000 kg/ 0.5 MPa.

b) Aircraft greater than 5,700 Kg maximum take-off mass

Bearing strength of pavements is reported in accordance with the Aircraft

Classification Number/Pavement Classification Number (ACN/PCN) system,

including all of the following information:

i. the pavement classification number (PCN);

ii. pavement type of ACN-PCN determination;

iii. subgrade strength category;

iv. maximum allowable tyre pressure category; and

v. evaluation method.

Note: The PCN reported will indicate that an aircraft with an aircraft classification

number (ACN) equal to or less than the reported PCN can operate on the pavement

subject to any limitation on the tyre pressure, aircraft all-up mass for specified type(s) of

aircraft.

c) Information on pavement type for ACN-PCN determination, sub-grade strength

category, maximum tyre pressure category and evaluation method will be

reported using the following codes:

(i) Pavement type for ACN-PCN determination Code Rigid pavement R Flexible pavement F (ii) Sub-grade strength category

Code High strength: characterized by a K value of 150 MN/m³ and representing all K values above 120 MN/m³ for rigid pavements, and by CBR 15 and representing all CBR values above13 for flexible pavements.

A

Medium strength: characterized by a K value of 80 MN/m³ and representing all K values above 60 to 120 MN/m³ for rigid pavements, and by CBR 10 and representing all CBR values above 8 to 13 for flexible pavements.

B

Low strength: characterized by a K value of 40 MN/m³ and representing all K values above 25 to-60 MN/m³ for rigid pavements, and by CBR 6 and representing all CBR values

C

above 4 to 8 for flexible pavements Ultra low strength: characterized by a K value of 20 MN/m³ and representing all K values above 25 MN/m³ for rigid pavements,and by CBR 3 and representing all CBR values below 4 for flexible pavements

D

(iii) Maximum allowable tyre pressure category:

Code

High: no pressure limit W Medium: pressure limited to 1.5 MPa X Low: pressure limited to 1.00 MPa Y Very low: pressure limited to 0.50 MPa Z (iv) Evaluation method Code Technical evaluation: representing a specific study of the pavement characteristics and application of pavement behaviour technology.

T

Using aircraft Experience: representing knowledge of the specific type and mass of aircraft satisfactorily being under regular use.

U

(v) Examples of pavement strength reporting

Example 1: If the bearing strength of a rigid pavement, built on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 80 and there is no tyre pressure limitation, then the reported information would be: PCN 80/R/B/W/T Example 2: If the bearing strength of a composite pavement behaving like a flexible pavement and resting on a high strength subgrade, has been assessed by using aircraft experience to be PCN 50 and the maximum tyre pressure allowable is 1.00 MPa, then the reported information would be: PCN50/F/A/Y/U

Example 3: If the bearing strength of a flexible pavement resting on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 40 and the maximum tyre pressure allowable is 0.80 MPa, then the reported information would be: PCN40/F/B/0.80 MPa/T Example 4: If a pavement is subject to B 747-400 all-up mass limitation 390,000 Kg then the reported information would include the following note:

Note: The reported PCN is subject to a B 747-400 all-up mass limitation of 390,000 Kg.

3.2.9 Runway width

3.2.9.1 The physical width of the each runway is determined and provided in

whole numbers of meters.

3.2.10 Runway strip

3.2.10.1 The dimension of runway strip is reported in whole numbers of meters.

3.2.11 Runway slope

3.2.11.1 Runway Slope is expressed as a percentage, to the nearest one tenth of a

percent, indicating the direction of descent. Where there are significant multiple slope

changes along the runway, slopes over individual segments will be provided over the

length of the runway.

3.2.12 Declared distances

a) Declared distances are the available operational distances notified

to a pilot for take-off, landing or safely aborting a take-off. These

distances are used to determine whether the runway is adequate for the

proposed landing or take-off or to determine the maximum payload

permissible for a landing or take-off.

b) The following distances are reported in meters for each runway

direction:

i. take off run available (TORA);

ii. take off distance available (TODA);

iii. accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA);

iv. landing distance available (LDA);

c) Calculation of declared distances. The declared distances are

calculated in accordance with the following:

i. Take-off run available (TORA) is the length of runway

available for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off. This is

normally the full length of the runway, and neither the SWY nor

CWY are involved.

TORA = Length of RWY

ii. Take-off distance available (TODA) is the distance

available to an aeroplane for completion of its ground run, lift-off

and initial climb to 35 ft. This will normally be the full length of

the runway plus the length of any CWY. TODA = TORA +

CWY

iii. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) is the length

of the take-off run available plus the length of any SWY. Any

CWY is not involved.

ASDA = TORA + SWY

iv. Landing distance available (LDA) is the length of runway

available for the ground run of a landing aeroplane. The LDA

commences at the runway threshold. Neither SWY nor CWY are

involved.

LDA = Length of RWY (if threshold is not displaced).

3.2.13 Survey of take-off area

3.2.13.1 The obstacle data is determined and notified based on the survey of the

full take-off area in accordance with the applicable take-off Obstacle Limitation Surface

(OLS).

3.2.14 Intersection departure take-off distances available

3.2.14.1 At an aerodrome where air traffic procedures include regular taxiway

intersection departures, the take-off distances available from each relevant taxiway

intersection is determined and declared. The method of determining the take-off

distances available at an intersection is similar to that used at a runway end. This is to

ensure that the same performance parameters (for

example, line-up allowance) may be consistently applied for the line-up manoeuver,

whether entering the runway at the runway end or from some other intersection.

Declared distances for an intersection will be measured from a perpendicular line

commencing at the taxiway edge that is farther from the direction of take-off. Where

take-offs may be conducted in either direction, the starting point of the declared distances

for each direction will

be the perpendicular line commencing from the respective edges of the taxiway farther

from the direction of take-off.

3.2.15 Threshold elevation

3.2.15.1 The elevation of the mid point of each runway threshold is measured in

meters (to the accuracy of one-half meter) and feet (to an accuracy of one foot).

3.2.16 Aerodrome Obstruction Charts – Type A

3.2.16.1 Information on the currency of Type A chart in the form of date of

preparation or edition / issue number will be provided.

3.2.17 One direction runways

3.2.17.1 Where a runway direction cannot be used for take-off or landing, or both,

the appropriate declared distance(s) are shown as ‘nil’ along with an appropriate note, for

example, ‘TKOF 14 and LAND 32 not AVBL due surrounding terrain’.

3.2.18 Navigation aids

3.2.18.1 The location coordinates and operating frequency of navigational aids

provided at an aerodrome are notified in degrees, minutes and tenths of a minute, based

on the World Geodetic System – 1984 (WGS-84).

3.2.19 Obstacle Data

3.2.19.1 Regulations for obstacle identification, restriction and limitation are

detailed in a Government of India notification SO 988, as amended from time to time.

Standards for obstacle identification, restriction and limitation are detailed in Chapter 5

of this manual.

3.2.20 Pre-flight altimeter check location

3.2.20.1 A pre-flight altimeter check point location will be established on each

apron of an aerodrome.

3.2.20.2 The elevation of pre-flight altimeter check point will be given as the

average elevation, rounded to the nearest meter and/or foot, of the apron which will be

within 3 m (10ft) of the average elevation for that location.

3.2.21 Aeronautical data 3.2.21.1 Aerodrome related aeronautical data is reported in accordance with the accuracy requirements as defined in the Tables 3-1 through 3-5 below. Positional data is determined through survey (e.g. runway threshold), and mathematical calculations of points in space (e.g. control area boundaries) and fixes from the known surveyed points. Table 3-1: Latitude and longitude Latitude and longitude Accuracy Data type &

classification Aerodrome reference point NAVAIDS located at the aerodrome Obstacles at the aerodrome Obstacle in the circling area Significant obstacles in the approach and take-off area-

- within aerodrome; - up to 3 km; - beyond 3 km, up to 10 km; - beyond 10 km, up to 15 km

30 m, surveyed, routine 3 m, surveyed, essential 3 m, surveyed, essential 30 m, surveyed 3 m, surveyed, essent ial 10 m, surveyed 30 m, surveyed 50 m, surveyed

Runway threshold and runway end Aircraft stand-points

1 m, surveyed, critical 3 m, surveyed, routine

Table 3-2: Elevation/Altitude/Height Aerodrome Elevation 0.5 m/ 1 ft, surveyed, essential

Runway threshold, non-precision approaches

0.5 m/ 1 ft, surveyed, essential

Runway threshold, precision approaches

0.25 m/ 1 ft, surveyed, critical

Obstacles in the approach and take-off areas

1 m/ 1 ft, surveyed, essential

Obstacles in the circling areas and at the aerodrome

1 m/ 1 ft, surveyed, essential

DME

3 m/ 10 ft, surveyed, essential

Table 3-3: Magnetic variation Aerodrome magnetic variation

1 degree, surveyed, essential

Table 3-4: Bearing Runway bearing

1/10 degree, surveyed, routine

Table 3-5: Length/Distance/Dimension Runway length

1 m, surveyed, critical

Stopway length

1 m, surveyed, critical

Landing distance available

1 m, surveyed, critical

ILS markers-threshold distance- - middle marker; - outer marker;

10 m, surveyed 30 m, surveyed

ILS DME antenna-threshold, distance along centre line

3 m, calculated, essential

Note: All data within the airport boundary and in the vicinity is with reference to the Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP). Geographical coordinates indicating latitude and longitude are determined and reported to the aeronautical information services units in terms of the World Geodetic System- 1984 (WGS-84) geodetic reference datum, identifying those geographical coordinates which have been transformed into WGS-84 coordinates by mathematical means. The order of accuracy of the field work would ensure that the resulting operational navigation data is within the accuracy limits as indicated in tables 3-1 through 3-5 above. Elevation, referenced to mean sea level, of the surveyed ground positions at aerodromes will be determined and reported to the aeronautical information services units.