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American Enterprise Institute compilation

S

POLLS ON PATRIOTISM

Compiled by Karlyn Bowman, Resident Fellow, AEI,

Eleanor O’Neil, Research Assistant, AEI,

and Heather Sims, Research Assistant, AEI

(June 2015)

AEI Public Opinion

Studies

American Enterprise Institute compilation 2

Table of Contents

PATRIOTISM IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD ...................................................... 3

Self-professed Patriotism ..................................................................................... 3

Views of Other Americans’ Patriotism ..............................................................18

International Comparisons .................................................................................22

The U.S. versus Elsewhere ................................................................................24

September 11th Effects ......................................................................................29

Flying the Flag ...................................................................................................32

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A PATRIOT .................................................34

ATTITUDES OF YOUNG PEOPLE ..................................................................39


Self-Professed Patriotism

How proud are you to be an American . . . very proud, quite proud, not very proud, or not at all proud?

Very Quite Not very Not at all

proud proud proud proud

Jun. 1981 Gallup 78% 19% 2% 1%

Dec. 1981 Gallup 80 16 2 1

Jun. 1986 Gallup 89 10 1 *

Jun. 1990 Gallup 74 23 2 *

May 1991 Gallup 77 19 3 *

Nov. 2000* Gallup 73 22 4 1

Note: *Question wording was, “How proud are you of being an American today . . . ?”

How proud are you to be an American . . . extremely proud, very proud, moderately proud, only a little proud, or not at

all proud?

Extremely Very Moderately Only a little Not at all

proud proud proud proud proud

Jan. 2001 Gallup 55% 32% 9% 1% 1%

Jun. 2002 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 65 25 6 1 2

Sep. 2002 ABC 69 23 5 1 1

Jun. 2003 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 70 20 6 2 1

Jan. 2004 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 69 22 5 3 1

Jan. 2005 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 61 22 12 3 1

Jan. 2006 Gallup 59 26 9 3 1

Jun. 2006 Gallup 57 25 10 3 3

Jan. 2007 Gallup 57 27 14 3 2

Jun. 2008 CNN/ORC 62 27 7 2 1

Jan. 2009 CNN/ORC 57 26 12 3 1

Jan. 2009 Gallup/USA Today 58 24 12 3 2

PATRIOTISM IN THE U.S. and ABROAD: Before September 11th, 2001, substantial

majorities consistently told pollsters that they were proud to be Americans. In a Gallup question from

January 2001, for example, 55 percent described themselves as “extremely” proud of being an

American and 32 percent “very” proud. Just 2 percent said they were “only a little” or “not at all”

proud.

The events of September 11th produced overt displays of patriotism. People said they flew

their flags more than in the past, and they sang the Star Spangled Banner. Those activities receded,

but patriotic sentiment is still strong. In June 2013, when Gallup repeated the question, 57 percent

described themselves as extremely proud and 28 percent very proud. Four percent said they were only

a little or not at all proud. In the 2014 General Social Survey, 67 percent said they were very proud of

being American and 28 percent somewhat proud.

In the most recent multicountry World Values Survey, the top ranked country for self-

expressed patriotism was Qatar with 98 percent of its citizens reporting to be “very” proud to be

citizens of that country. Fifty-six percent of Americans said they were very proud to be American

citizens, locating our country more than midway down in this highest response category.

American patriotism is not blind patriotism. Polls show that Americans find a lot to criticize

in their society. In June 2015, only 28 percent told Gallup that they satisfied with the way things are

going in the United States at this time. Seventy-one percent were dissatisfied. But they still love their

country, and they are not reluctant to say so.


Nov. 2009 Pew 48 38 11 4 1

Jun. 2010 Pew 52 31 8 4 2

May 2011 CBS/NYT 61 25 12 1 0

Jun. 2013 Gallup 57 28 10 3 1

(Percentage who say “Extremely Proud” by party)

Republicans Democrats

Jan. 2001 Gallup 62% 52%

Jun. 2002 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 77 58

Sep. 2002 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 80 61

Jun. 2003 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 84 61

Jan. 2004 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 82 57

Jan. 2005 Gallup/USA Today/CNN 71 54

Jun. 2006 Gallup/USA Today 74 47

Jun. 2008 CNN/ORC 79 53

Jan. 2009 CNN/ORC 68 51

Jan. 2009 Gallup/USA Today 78 45

Jun. 2010 Pew 69 43

May 2011 CBS/NYT 76 53

Jun. 2013 Gallup 71 56

How proud are you to be an American – extremely proud, very proud, moderately proud, only a little proud or not at all

proud?



Mar. 2002 ABC/Wash Post 74% 18% 5% 2% 1%

Sep. 2002 ABC/Wash Post 69 23 6 1 1

Sep. 2006 ABC/Wash Post 60 24 10 3 2

How proud are you to be an American – extremely proud, very proud, moderately proud, only a little proud or not at all

proud?



Jun. 2013 PRRI 51% 31% 12% 3% 1%

How proud are you to be an American, are you extremely proud, somewhat proud, or not proud?

Extremely Somewhat Not

proud proud proud

Mar. 1981* Civic Services 78% 13% 2%

Nov. 1981 PIPV 81 16 1

Jun. 1991# AP 87 11 1

Note: *Question wording was “…or not proud at all?” #Question wording was “Generally speaking, how proud are you

to be an American?”


How proud are you to be an American...extremely proud, very proud, somewhat proud, or not very proud?

Extremely Very Somewhat Not very


Nov. 1988 ANES 67% 27% 6% 1%

Jan. 1994 NORC 47 39 13 1

Percentage who say “extremely proud”, 1994:

White 49%

Black 35

Republican 56

Democrat 47

Independent 40

College graduate 41

Non-college graduate 49

18-30 37

31-44 40

45-59 53

60-74 66

75+ 54

How proud are you of being American?

Very Somewhat Not very Not proud

proud proud proud at all

2004 NORC 79% 16% 2% --

2014 NORC 67 28 2 1

Percentage who said “very proud,” 2014:

White 67%

Black 68

Republican 78

Democrat 62

Independent 61

Highest degree completed:

Less than high school 62

High school 70

Junior college 67

Bachelor 64

Graduate 63

Millennials (Ages 18–33) 56

Generation X (34–49) 68

Baby Boomers (50–68) 67

Silent Generation (69–86) 86


How proud are you of being an American citizen? (CBS)

How proud would you say you are to be an American citizen? (Harris Interactive)

Very Somewhat Not very Not at all


May 1995 CBS 82% 14% 2% 1%

May 2002 Harris Interactive 84 12 2 *

Aug 2009 Harris Interactive 78 18 3 1

How much would you agree or disagree with the following statements: I am proud to be an American. Do you strongly

agree, agree, neither agree or disagree, disagree, or disagree strongly?

Strongly Strongly

agree Agree Neither Disagree disagree

Sep.-Oct. 2001* ISR 81% 12% 2% 1% 1%

Mar.-Apr. 2002 ISR 70 24 2 2 1

Note: *Poll conducted September 13-27, 2001.

Which of these describes you well? [Check all that apply]

May 2014 Pew

Applies Not selected/No answer

Compassion and helping others are 74% 26%

my core values

Often feel proud to be American 56 44

Rarely worry what others think of me 52 48

Sports fan 36 64

Skeptical of medical experts’ recommendations 23 77

Which of these describes you well? [Check all that apply]

May 2014 Pew

Honor and duty are Often feel proud Think of myself as

my core values to be American a typical American

Total 52% 56% 65%

How patriotic are you? Would you say extremely patriotic, very patriotic, somewhat patriotic, or not especially

patriotic?

Extremely Very Somewhat Not especially

patriotic patriotic patriotic patriotic

Jun. 1994 Gallup 21% 43% 28% 7%

Jun. 1999 Gallup/

CNN/USA Today 21 44 28 7

Jan. 2002 Gallup/Harwood 24 47 24 4

Aug. 2002 Wash Post/

Kaiser/Harvard 27 43 24 5

Jun. 2005 Gallup/CNN/

USA Today 26 46 22 5

May 2006 AARP/ICR 19 38 28 12

Jun. 2010 Gallup/USA Today 32 42 19 6


There’s been a lot of talk in the last few years about patriotism in America. Do you consider yourself very patriotic,

somewhat patriotic, or not very patriotic?

Very Somewhat Not very

patriotic patriotic patriotic

Jun. 1983 NYT 52% 38% 7%

Nov. 1983 NYT 53 37 5

Jun. 1991 CBS/NYT 55 37 5

Sept. 2001 CBS/NYT 72 24 3

Aug. 2006 CBS/NYT 62 33 4

How would you describe yourself?



Jul. 2009 Economist/YouGov 42% 42% 9% 7%

May 2011 Economist/YouGov 50 36 10 4

Jun. 2011 Economist/YouGov 49 38 9 4

Jun. 2013 Economist/YouGov 45 40 9 7

Note: Online survey.

Next, I'm going to read you some words and phrases and ask you to rate how well each describes you. Please use a

scale from 1 to 10, where '10' represents a description that is perfect for you, and '1' represents a description that is

totally wrong for you. On this scale of 1 to 10, how well does ________ describe you?

Feb. 2014 Pew

---------------------Describes very well (Points 8-10 on a 10-point scale)-----------------

A patriotic An A religious A supporter

person environmentalist person of gay rights

National response 65% 39% 49% 39%

Responses of

Millennials 49 32 36 51

Gen Xers 64 42 52 37

Boomers 75 42 55 33

Silent Generation 81 44 61 32

Note: Millennials are 18-33 years old, Gen Xers are 34-49 years old, and the Silent Generation 69-86 years old in this

Pew study.

Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if

you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. The first one

is...I am very patriotic?

Completely Mostly Mostly Completely

agree agree disagree disagree

May 1987 Pew 43% 46% 7% 1%

May 1988 Pew 51 38 6 2

Feb. 1989 Pew 51 40 6 1

May 1990 Pew 48 40 8 2

Nov. 1991 Pew 58 33 5 2

Jun. 1992 Pew 52 39 5 2

Jul. 1994 Pew 51 40 6 2

Nov. 1997 Pew 48 42 6 2

Sep. 1999 Pew 49 38 8 3

Aug. 2002 Pew 54 38 2 4

Aug. 2003 Pew 56 35 5 2

Dec. 2006-

Jan. 2007 Pew 49 41 6 2


Apr. 2009 Pew 54 34 6 3

Sep. 2011 Pew 54 31 9 4

Apr. 2012 Pew 52 36 6 3

(Percentage who say “Completely Agree” by party)

Republicans Democrats

May 1987 Pew 51% 40%

May 1988 Pew 59 48

Nov. 1991 Pew 65 52

Jun. 1992 Pew 58 49

Jul. 1994 Pew 64 45

Nov. 1997 Pew 59 43

Sep. 1999 Pew 64 49

Aug. 2002 Pew 63 50

Aug. 2003 Pew 71 48

Jan. 2007 Pew 61 45

Apr. 2009 Pew 71 46

Sep. 2011 Pew 67 48

Apr. 2012 Pew 65 42

(Percentage who say “Completely Agree” by race)

White Black

May 1987 Pew 44% 27%

May 1988 Pew 54 32

Feb. 1989 Pew 53 34

May 1990 Pew 50 46

Nov. 1991 Pew 61 44

Jun. 1992 Pew 55 37

Jul. 1994 Pew 53 39

Nov. 1997 Pew 50 33

Sep. 1999 Pew 52 32

Aug. 2002 Pew 57 45

Aug. 2003 Pew 59 38

Jan. 2007 Pew 54 37

Apr. 2009 Pew 61 35

Apr. 2012 Pew 57 33

How important is being an American to you, where 0 is not at all important and 10 is the most important thing in your

life?

0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

1996 NORC 4% 3% 15% 24% 55%

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: being an American is a big part of who I am?

Agree Disagree

Mar. 2000 NYT 91% 8%

When you hear the national anthem, the Star Spangled Banner, being played, do you usually feel proud to be an

American?

Yes No

May 2002 Harris Interactive 90% 5%

Aug. 2009 Harris Interactive 87 7

Given everything that has happened in the United States and around the world, do you personally feel more or less

patriotic today than you did five years ago?

More Less Same

Jun. 2006 Fox 57% 17% 25%


During your lifetime, what event has made you most proud to be an American?

June 2013 PRRI

Military service/Military achievements 17%

Response to September 11th attacks 14

Freedom 12

Humanitarian/Disaster work 8

Personal experience/Success 7

Equality/Opportunity 6

Obama’s election 6

Being born in U.S./Becoming a citizen 5

Moon landing 5

Government/Other political leaders 3

Other 13

Has there ever been a time when you were not proud to be an American?

Yes No

Jun. 2013 PRRI 31% 68%

Jun. 2015 PRRI 35 63

(If ever felt not proud or didn’t know): During your lifetime, what event has made you feel not proud to be an

American?

June 2013 PRRI

Wars 29%

Treatment of minorities/Racism 14

American culture 11

Barack Obama 11

George W. Bush 10

American foreign policy 9

Government/Public officials/Politics 6

Other 8

How much would you say you love this country—very much, quite a lot, some, or only a little?

Very much Quite a lot Some A little

Oct. 2010* Fox 87% 11% 2% -

Oct. 2010^ Fox 81 14 3 -

Note: *Asked of likely voters. ^Asked of registered voters.

Do you love America?

February 2015 Economist/YouGov

Yes No Not sure

Total 85% 6% 9%

Ages

18–29 71 15 14

30–44 83 7 10

45–64 90 1 8

65+ 93 3 4



Are you proud or ashamed of this country?

Proud Ashamed

May 2007 Zogby 89% 9%

How proud are you of the United States?



Aug. 2007 Zogby 69% 20% 9% 2%

Sep. 2007 Zogby 67 21 9 3

Dec. 2007 Zogby 69 21 7 3

May-Jun. 2009 Zogby 60 28 9 2

How proud are you of America in each of the following...very proud, somewhat proud, or not proud at all?

Very Somewhat Not very Not proud

proud proud proud at all

Its scientific and technological achievements

1996 NORC 48% 42% 4% 1%

Sep. 2001 NORC 76 21 2 *

Mar. 2002 NORC 70 28 1 *

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 69 28 2 1

2004 NORC 57 36 3 1

2014 NORC 46 48 5 2

Its history

1996 NORC 48% 37% 8% 4%

Sep. 2001 NORC 68 26 4 2

Mar. 2002 NORC 56 37 5 1

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 62 33 2 2

2004 NORC 61 30 5 2

2014 NORC 53 39 6 3

America’s armed forces

1996 NORC 47% 40% 7% 2%

Sep. 2001 NORC 80 17 1 1

Mar. 2002 NORC 84 15 1 *

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 81 16 1 2

2004 NORC 74 19 4 2

2014 NORC 66 27 6 2

Its achievements in the arts and literature

1996 NORC 29% 54% 8% 2%

Sep. 2001 NORC 56 37 3 1

Mar. 2002 NORC 49 43 4 1

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 46 46 3 2

2004 NORC 39 47 6 1

2014 NORC 36 55 7 1

The way democracy works

1996 NORC 28% 52% 13% 3%

Sep. 2001 NORC 61 36 2 1

Mar. 2002 NORC 52 44 3 1

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 49 41 5 4

2004 NORC 32 52 8 2

2014 NORC 27 54 16 4


America’s economic achievements

1996 NORC 28% 51% 15% 3%

Sep. 2001 NORC 60 35 4 *

Mar. 2002 NORC 57 37 4 2

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 40 49 7 3

2004 NORC 38 47 10 3

2014 NORC 25 50 19 6

Its political influence in the world

1996 NORC 21% 55% 16% 3%

Sep. 2001 NORC 38 51 7 2

Mar. 2002 NORC 34 55 7 3

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 30 48 13 8

2004 NORC 22 52 18 3

2014 NORC 14 52 27 7

Its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society

1996 NORC 17% 37% 30% 11%

Sep. 2001 NORC 35 46 14 4

Mar. 2002 NORC 24 52 19 5

Sep. 2002 Wash Post 28 45 15 11

2004 NORC 26 47 18 6

2014 NORC 18 44 28 10

Its achievements in sports

1996 NORC 36% 48% 8% 3%

2004 NORC 42 44 7 2

2014 NORC 38 51 8 3

Its Social Security system

1996 NORC 14% 35% 37% 11%

2004 NORC 13 41 33 10

2014 NORC 13 39 34 15

Note: Sep. 2001 NORC survey conducted after Sep. 11 terrorist attacks, on Sep. 13-27.

Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right direction or do you feel things have pretty seriously

gotten off on the wrong track?

Don’t know/

Right direction Wrong track No answer

Jul. 2012 CBS/NYT 30% 64% 6%

Sep. 2012 CBS/NYT 40 54 6

Oct. 2012 CBS/NYT 39 54 7

Feb. 2013 CBS/NYT 40 54 6

Apr. 2013 CBS/NYT 34 59 7

May 2013 CBS/NYT 31 61 9

Jun. 2013 CBS/NYT 35 59 6

Jul. 2013 CBS/NYT 35 60 4

Sep 2013 CBS/NYT 29 66 5

Oct. 2013 CBS/NYT 23 72 4

Nov.2013 CBS/NYT 27 68 5

Dec. 2013 CBS/NYT 30 63 7

Jan. 2013 CBS/NYT 33 61 6

Feb. 2014 CBS/NYT 32 63 6

Mar. 2014 CBS/NYT 32 61 8

May 2014 CBS 30 62 7

Jul. 2014 CBS 25 67 9


Sep. 2014 CBS/NYT 27 66 7

Oct. 2014 (early) CBS 29 65 6

Oct. 2014 (mid) CBS 26 65 9

Oct. 2014 (late) CBS 27 66 8

Jan. 2015 CBS 38 56 7

Feb. 2015 CBS 37 56 7

Mar. 2015 CBS 30 62 8

Apr. 2015 CBS/NYT 31 63 6

May 2015 CBS/NYT 33 63 5

Note: *CBS/NYT poll wording: “Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right direction or do you

feel things have pretty seriously gotten off on the wrong track?”

In general, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the way things are going in the United States at this time?

Satisfied Dissatisfied No opinion

Feb. 1979 Gallup 26% 69% 5%

Jul. 1979 Gallup 12 84 4

Nov. 1979 Gallup 19 77 4

Jan. 1981 Gallup 17 78 5

Jun. 1981 Gallup 33 61 6

Dec. 1981 Gallup 27 67 6

Apr. 1982 Gallup 25 71 4

Sep. 1982 Gallup 24 72 4

Nov. 1982 Gallup 24 72 4

Aug. 1983 Gallup 35 59 6

Feb. 1984 Gallup 50 46 4

Sep.–Oct. 1984 Gallup 48 45 7

Dec. 1984 Gallup 52 40 8

Nov. 1985 Gallup 51 46 3

Mar. 1986 Gallup 66 30 4

Jun. 1986 Gallup 69 26 5

Sep. 1986 Gallup 58 38 4

Dec. 1986 Gallup 47 49 4

Aug.–Sep. 1987 Gallup 45 49 6

May 1988 Gallup 41 54 5

Sep.–Oct. 1988 Gallup 56 40 4

Jan.–Feb. 1989 Gallup 45 50 5

May 1989 Gallup 44 50 6

Feb. 1990 Gallup 55 39 6

Jul. 1990 Gallup 45 51 4

Aug. 1990 Gallup 43 51 6


Sep. 1990 Gallup 37 58 5

Oct. (Mid) 1990 Gallup 29 67 4

Oct. (Late) 1990 Gallup 31 66 3

Nov. 1990 Gallup 32 64 4

Dec. 1990 Gallup 33 64 3

Jan. (Early) 1991 Gallup 32 61 7

Jan. (Mid) 1991 Gallup 62 33 5

Feb. 1991 Gallup 54 40 6

Feb.–Mar. 1991 Gallup 66 31 3

Mar. 1991 Gallup 52 43 5

May 1991 Gallup 49 49 2

Jul. 1991 Gallup 43 50 7

Aug. 1991 Gallup 49 45 6

Oct. 1991 Gallup 39 57 4

Oct.–Nov. 1991 Gallup 35 62 3


Dec. 1991 Gallup 37 60 3

Jan. 1992 Gallup 24 74 2


Feb.–Mar. 1992 Gallup 21 78 1

Mar. 1992 Gallup 19 80 1

Apr. 1992 Gallup 19 80 1

May 1992 Gallup 20 77 3

Jun. 1992 Gallup 14 84 2

Jul.–Aug. 1992 Gallup 17 80 3


Nov. 1992 Gallup 26 68 6

Jan. 1993 Gallup 29 68 3

Feb. 1993 Gallup 25 71 4

May 1993 Gallup 24 73 3

Nov. 1993 Gallup 27 70 3

Dec. 1993 Gallup 34 63 3

Jan. 1994 Gallup 35 62 3

Feb. 1994 Gallup 36 61 3

Mar. 1994 Gallup 35 62 3

Apr. 1994 Gallup 32 65 3

May 1994 Gallup 33 64 3

Jul. 1994 Gallup 33 65 2

Oct. 1994 Gallup 31 66 3

Nov. (Early) 1994 Gallup 30 66 4

Nov. (Late) 1994 Gallup 29 67 4

Mar. 1995 Gallup 30 66 4

Jul. 1995 Gallup 32 65 3

Aug. 1995 Gallup 33 64 3

Jan. 1996 Gallup 24 72 4

Mar. (Early) 1996 Gallup 41 56 2

Mar. (Mid) 1996 Gallup 36 61 3

May 1996 Gallup 37 60 3

Aug. 1996 Gallup 38 57 5


Oct. 1996 Gallup 39 56 5

Nov. 1996 Gallup 47 47 6

Dec. 1996 Gallup 43 55 2

Jan. 1997 Gallup 50 47 3

May 1997 Gallup 46 51 3

Aug. 1997 Gallup 50 48 2

Dec. 1997 Gallup 50 46 4


Feb. (Mid) 1998 Gallup 39 37 4

Feb. (Late) 1998 Gallup 64 32 4

Apr. 1998 Gallup 58 38 4

May 1998 Gallup 59 36 5

Aug. (Mid) 1998 Gallup 60 36 4

Aug. (Late) 1998 Gallup 63 34 3


Dec. 1998 Gallup 50 48 2

Jan. 1999 Gallup 70 28 2

Feb. 1999 Gallup 71 26 3

Apr. (Mid) 1999 Gallup 58 39 3

Apr. (Late) 1999 Gallup 51 45 4

May 1999 Gallup 51 46 3

Jun. 1999 Gallup 55 43 3

Aug. 1999 Gallup 62 35 3

Sep. 1999 Gallup 52 45 3


Jan. 2000 Gallup 69 28 3

Feb. 2000 Gallup 65 32 3

Apr. 2000 Gallup 59 37 4

May 2000 Gallup 55 42 3

Jun. 2000 Gallup 56 39 5

Jul. 2000 Gallup 61 35 4

Aug. 2000 Gallup 63 33 4


Oct. 2000 Gallup 62 36 2

Nov. 2000 Gallup 58 41 1

Dec. 2000 Gallup 51 46 3

Jan. 2001 Gallup 56 41 3

Feb. 2001 Gallup 51 45 4

Mar. 2001 Gallup 53 44 3

Apr. 2001 Gallup 50 47 3

May 2001 Gallup 46 50 4

Jun. 2001 Gallup 51 46 3

Jul. 2001 Gallup 51 46 3

Aug. 2001 Gallup 48 49 3

Sep. (Mid) 2001 Gallup 43 55 2

Sep. (Late) 2001 Gallup 61 36 4

Oct. 2001 Gallup 67 29 4

Nov. 2001 Gallup 65 33 2

Dec. 2001 Gallup 70 28 2

Jan. 2002 Gallup 65 32 3

Feb. 2002 Gallup 61 37 2

Mar. 2002 Gallup 61 37 2

Apr. 2002 Gallup 61 37 2

May 2002 Gallup 56 40 4

Jun. 2002 Gallup 52 44 4

Jul. (Early) 2002 Gallup 49 48 3

Jul. (Mid) 2002 Gallup 49 47 4

Jul. (Late) 2002 Gallup 48 49 3

Aug. 2002 Gallup 47 50 3

Sep. 2002 Gallup 47 51 2

Oct. 2002 Gallup 47 49 4


Nov. 2002 Gallup 46 51 3

Dec. 2002 Gallup 46 51 3

Jan. 2003 Gallup 42 56 2

Feb. (Early) 2003 Gallup 40 58 2


Mar. (Early) 2003 Gallup 36 61 3

Mar. (Late) 2003 Gallup 60 38 2

Apr. 2003 Gallup 55 41 4

May 2003 Gallup 54 45 1

Jun. 2003 Gallup 47 51 2

Jul. 2003 Gallup 50 48 2

Aug. 2003 Gallup 46 52 2

Sep. 2003 Gallup 40 58 2

Oct. 2003 Gallup 41 57 2

Nov. 2003 Gallup 44 54 2

Dec. 2003 Gallup 50 48 2



Feb. 2004 Gallup 45 54 1

Mar. 2004 Gallup 39 60 1

Apr. 2004 Gallup 41 57 2


May (Early) 2004 Gallup 36 62 2

May (Mid) 2004 Gallup 37 62 1

Jun. 2004 Gallup 39 59 2

Jul. 2004 Gallup 41 57 2

Aug. 2004 Gallup 44 55 1

Sep. 2004 Gallup 41 56 3



Nov. 2004 Gallup 44 54 2

Dec. 2004 Gallup 45 53 2

Jan. 2005 Gallup 46 53 1


Feb. (Late) 2005 Gallup 45 52 3

Mar. (Mid) 2005 Gallup 42 36 2

Mar. (Late) 2005 Gallup 38 59 3

Apr. 2005 Gallup 38 59 3


May (Late) 2005 Gallup 41 55 4

Jun. (Early) 2005 Gallup 38 60 2

Jun. (Late) 2005 Gallup 42 56 2

Jul. (Mid) 2005 Gallup 42 57 1




Sep. (Mid) 2005 Gallup 34 65 1

Sep. (Late) 2005 Gallup 39 59 2



Nov. (Mid) 2005 Gallup 31 66 3


Dec. (Early) 2005 Gallup 35 62 3

Dec. (Mid) 2005 Gallup 36 62 2



Feb. 2006 Gallup 35 62 3

Mar. 2006 Gallup 29 68 2

Apr. 2006 Gallup 27 71 2

May 2006 Gallup 25 72 3

Jun. 2006 Gallup 30 67 2

Jul. (Early) 2006 Gallup 32 65 3


Aug. 2006 Gallup 28 69 3

Sep. 2006 Gallup 32 67 2

Oct. 2006 Gallup 30 68 2



Dec. 2006 Gallup 30 69 1

Jan. 2007 Gallup 35 63 2

Feb. 2007 Gallup 34 64 2

Mar. 2007 Gallup 30 68 2

Apr. 2007 Gallup 33 65 2

May 2007 Gallup 25 73 2

Jun. 2007 Gallup 24 74 2

Jul. 2007 Gallup 27 71 3

Aug. 2007 Gallup 24 73 3

Sep. 2007 Gallup 28 71 2

Oct. (Early) 2007 Gallup 25 73 2



Nov. 2007 Gallup 20 76 3

Dec. 2007 Gallup 27 70 3

Jan. 2008 Gallup 24 73 3

Feb. 2008 Gallup 20 78 2

Mar. 2008 Gallup 19 80 2

Apr. 2008 Gallup 15 83 1

May 2008 Gallup 14 85 1

Jun. 2008 Gallup 14 84 1

Jul. 2008 Gallup 17 81 2

Aug. (Early) 2008 Gallup 17 80 3


Sep. 2008 Gallup 21 77 2






Dec. 2008 Gallup 10 88 2

Jan. 2009 Gallup 13 85 3

Feb. 2009 Gallup 15 82 3

Mar. 2009 Gallup 19 77 4

Apr. 2009 Gallup 26 69 6

May 2009 Gallup 35 62 3

Jun. 2009 Gallup 34 63 4

Jul. 2009 Gallup 30 65 5

Aug. 2009 Gallup 36 63 1




Nov. 2009 Gallup 24 74 1

Dec. 2009 Gallup 25 73 2

Jan. 2010 Gallup 23 76 2

Feb. 2010 Gallup 21 77 2

Mar. 2010 (early) Gallup 19 79 2

Mar. 2010 (late) Gallup 23 75 2

Apr. 2010 Gallup 27 71 2


May (Late) 2010 Gallup 25 73 2

Jun. 2010 Gallup 23 75 1

Jul. 2010 Gallup 21 76 3

Aug. (Early) 2010 Gallup 21 77 2


Sep. 2010 Gallup 19 79 1



Nov. 2010 Gallup 19 79 2

Dec. 2010 Gallup 17 81 2

Jan. 2011 Gallup 19 78 3

Feb. 2011 Gallup 23 75 2

Mar. 2011 Gallup 18 80 2

Apr. (Mid) 2011 Gallup 19 78 3

Apr. (Late) 2011 Gallup 22 75 3

May 2011 Gallup 26 72 2

Jun. 2011 Gallup 20 78 2

Jul. 2011 Gallup 16 81 2

Aug. 2011 Gallup 11 88 1

Sep. 2011 Gallup 11 88 1




Nov. 2011 Gallup 12 86 2

Nov.–Dec. 2011 Gallup 14 86 *

Dec. 2011 Gallup 15 84 1

Jan. 2012 Gallup 18 80 2

Feb. 2012 Gallup 22 77 1

Mar. 2012 Gallup 26 72 2

Apr. 2012 Gallup 24 74 2

Jun. 2012 Gallup 20 77 2

Jul. 2012 Gallup 28 69 3

Aug. 2012 Gallup 23 75 2

Sep. 2012 Gallup 30 68 2

Oct. 2012 Gallup 30 68 2



Dec. 2012 Gallup 23 72 6

Jan. 2013 Gallup 25 71 4

Feb. 2013 Gallup 27 72 2

Mar. 2013 Gallup 21 77 2

Apr. 2013 Gallup 30 67 3

May 2013 Gallup 24 74 2

Jun. 2013 Gallup 27 71 2

Jul. 2013 Gallup 28 68 3

Aug. 2013 Gallup 22 75 2

Sep. 2013 Gallup 23 75 1

Oct. 2013 Gallup 16 82 2

Nov. 2013 Gallup 20 78 3

Dec. 2013 Gallup 23 76 1

Jan. 2014 Gallup 23 75 2

Feb. 2014 Gallup 22 77 2

Mar. 2014 Gallup 25 73 2

May 2014 Gallup 25 74 2

Jun. 2014 Gallup 23 74 3

Jul. 2014 Gallup 24 73 3

Aug. 2014 Gallup 22 76 2

Sep. 2014 Gallup 23 76 2

Oct. 2014 Gallup 21 77 2


Nov. 2014 Gallup 20 77 3

Dec. 2014 Gallup 23 76 2

Jan.2015 Gallup 32 66 2

Feb. 2015 Gallup 32 66 1

Mar. 2015 Gallup 31 67 2

Apr. 2015 Gallup 28 70 1

May 2015 Gallup 26 72 2

June 2015 Gallup 28 71 1

Are you proud or ashamed to have Barack Obama as President?

Proud Ashamed

Oct. 2009 Zogby 52% 35%

Jun. 2009 Zogby 53 34

Jul. 2009 Zogby 52 37

Aug. 2009 (Mid) Zogby 52 38

Aug. 2009 (Late) Zogby 52 35

Sept. 2009 (Mid) Zogby 53 35

Sept. 2009 (Late) Zogby 54 34


Oct. 2009 Zogby 52 35

Nov. 2009 Zogby 52 35

Dec. 2009 (Mid) Zogby 50 38

Dec. 2009 (Late) Zogby 50 37

Jan. 2010 Zogby 51 35

Feb 2010 (Early) Zogby 53 33

Feb. 2010 (Mid) Zogby 54 34

Feb 2010 (Late) Zogby 49 35

March 2010 Zogby 48 38

April 2010 Zogby 50 39

Are you proud or ashamed that George W. Bush is President of the United States?

Proud Ashamed

Jan. 2002* Zogby 82% 8%

Nov. 2003 Zogby 56 26

Jan. 2005 Zogby 54 31

Jun. 2005 Zogby 51 37

Sep. 2005 (Early) Zogby 49 38

Sep. 2005 (Late) Zogby 50 36

May 2007 Zogby 45 42

Note: * Question wording was “Are you proud or ashamed to have George W. Bush as President

of the United States?”

Are you proud or ashamed that Bill Clinton is President of the United States?

Proud Ashamed

Jul. 1998 Zogby 46% 31%

Sept. 1998 (Mid) Zogby 29 52

Sept. 1998 (Late) Zogby 35 50

Oct. 1998 (Early) Zogby 32 52

Oct. 1998 (Mid) Zogby 34 48

Jan. 1999 Zogby 40 42

Jan. 2000 Zogby 38 44

Views of Other Americans’ Patriotism

Do you think average Americans are more or less patriotic than they were 25 years ago?

More Less

patriotic patriotic

Jun. 1998 Fox 18% 68%

Jun. 1999 Fox 16 74

Jun.–Jul. 2003 Fox 55 30

Jun 2004 Fox 45 37

Jun. 2005 Fox 43 42

Jun. 2006 Fox 36 50

(Demographic breakdown, Jun. 2006, Party ID)

Democrat 39% 46

Republican 36 54

Independent 30 54


Given everything that has happened in the United States and around the world, do you think Americans generally are

more or less patriotic today than you did five years ago?

More Less Same

Jun. 2006 Fox 56% 31% 9%

Are people today as patriotic as they were when you went to school?

Yes No

Jun. 1983 NYT 27% 68%

Nov. 1983 NYT 31 63

Do you think Americans are becoming more or less patriotic?

More patriotic Less patriotic About the same

Jul. 2009 Economist/YouGov 13% 43% 44%

May 2011 Economist/YouGov 14 33 53

Jun. 2011 Economist/YouGov 11 43 47

Jun.–Jul. 2013 Economist/YouGov 7 46 47


How patriotic would you say most Americans are? Would you say extremely patriotic, very patriotic, somewhat

patriotic, or not especially patriotic?



Jan. 2002 Gallup/Harwood 8% 47% 41% 3%

How proud do you think most people in this country are to be Americans - extremely proud, very proud, moderately

proud, only a little proud, or not at all?



Jun. 2003 Gallup 42% 35% 20% 2% *

Do you think you are more patriotic, less patriotic, or about as patriotic as most other people in this country?

More patriotic Less patriotic About as patriotic

Mar. 2010 Pew 33% 6% 59%

Jul. 2011 Pew 55 2 41

Sep. 2011 Pew 37 10 49

(Demographic breakdown, Age)

Mar. 2010

18-29 23% 11% 63%

30-49 34 7 59

50-64 34 4 59

65+ 42 3 52

Jul. 2011

18-39 56% 7% 36%

40-59 58 1 41

60 and over 54 2 42

Sep. 2011

18-34 26% 17% 54%

35-44 37 10 49

45-64 44 6 46

65+ 47 3 45


(Education)

Mar. 2010

LT HS grad 27% 6% 61%

HS grad 32 6 60

Some college 36 6 56

College plus 35 6 58

Sep. 2011

LT HS grad 33% 12% 47%

High school grad 41 8 46

Some college 37 12 49

College plus 35 9 54

(Gender)

Mar. 2010

Male 36% 5% 57%

Female 30 7 60

Jul. 2011

Male 56% 2% 41%

Female 49 7 44

Sep. 2011

Male 39% 9% 48%

Female 36 10 50

(Party ID)

Mar. 2010

Republican 43% 2% 54%

Democrat 26 8 64

Independent 32 8 58

Sep. 2011


Democrat 30% 11% 55%

Independent 33% 11% 51%

(Race/Ethnicity)

Mar. 2010

White 35% 5% 59%

Black 26 8 60

Hispanic 29 9 60

Jul. 2011

White 57% 2% 39%

Black 36 1 61

Hispanic 60 6 33

Sep. 2011

White 39% 8% 50%

Black 34 8 50

Hispanic 33 17 46


Do you think you are more patriotic than most people, less patriotic than most people, or about as patriotic as most

people?

February 2015 Economist/YouGov

More patriotic Less patriotic About as patriotic

Total 27% 13% 51%


Democrat 17 13 64

Independent 25 16 47

Ages

18–29 15% 27% 41%

30–44 19 15 54

45–64 34 7 55

65+ 38 6 54

White 29% 12% 53%

Black 15 25 48

Hispanic 27 11 46


Would you describe yourself as more or less patriotic than the average American? Is that a lot or a little?

A lot A little Same A little A lot

more more patriotic less less

patriotic patriotic (Vol.) patriotic patriotic

Jun. 1998 Fox 27% 33% 25% 9% 2%

Jun. 1999 Fox 27 33 26 9 2

Oct. 2001 Fox 31 28 30 8 1

Jun.–Jul. 2003 Fox 32 29 28 6 1

Jun. 2004 Fox 37 27 24 8 1

Jun. 2005 Fox 31 26 30 8 1

Jun. 2006 Fox 34 32 20 11 2


Democrats 28% 28% 21% 19% 2%

Republicans 44 34 16 4 2

Independents 28 37 23 7 3

How much do you agree or disagree that strong patriotic feelings in America . . . ?

2014 National Opinion Research Center

Neither

Agree agree nor Disagree

strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly

Strengthen America’s place in the world 37% 40% 17% 5% 1%

Lead to intolerance in America 7 37 27 26 4

Are needed for America to remain united 27 52 13 8 1

Lead to negative attitudes towards

immigrants in America 7 36 24 30 4


International Comparisons How proud are you to be [substitute own nationality]? (1999-2004 World Values Survey; 2005-2009 World Values

Survey; 2010-2014 World Values Survey)

-------------------------Very Proud-----------------------

2010–2014 2005–2009 1999–2004

Qatar 98% NA NA

Ghana 96 93% NA

Puerto Rico NA NA 92%

Ecuador 91 NA NA

Venezuela NA NA 90

Mali NA 88 NA

Guatemala NA 87 NA

Trinidad and Tobago 87 90 NA

Uzbekistan 87 NA NA

Jordan 85 70 66

Philippines 85 NA 87

Mexico 84 83 79

Yemen 82 NA NA

Thailand 82 85 NA

Burkina Faso NA 81 NA

Rwanda 81 78 NA

Tanzania NA NA 81

Colombia 80 90 NA

Vietnam NA 80 77

Pakistan 79 NA 81

Libya 77 NA NA

Kuwait 76 NA NA

Zimbabwe 76 NA 78

Georgia NA 75 NA

Turkey 75 76 65

Saudi Arabia NA NA 74

Bangladesh NA NA 73

Azerbaijan 72 NA NA

Albania NA NA 72

Armenia 71 NA NA

Australia 70 69 NA

Ethiopia NA 70 NA

Canada NA 68 65

India NA 69 67

Nigeria 67 NA 72

Morocco 66 58 91

Uganda NA NA 66

Malaysia 65 69 NA

Palestine 65 NA NA

Egypt 64 73 82

New Zealand 63 66 NA

Iran NA 63 90

Peru 62 NA 76

Kazakhstan 62 NA NA

South Africa 62 78 75

Zambia NA 62 NA

Poland 60 62 NA

Algeria 59 NA 72

Macedonia NA NA 58

Tunisia 57 NA NA

United States 56 62 71


Indonesia NA 56 48

Finland NA 55 NA

Spain 55 58 60

Israel NA NA 54

Kyrgyzstan 54 NA 43

Norway NA 51 NA

Iraq 50 81 77

Uruguay 50 73 NA

Great Britain NA 50 NA

Argentina 49 61 65

Chile 49 59 72

Cyprus 47 49 NA

Singapore 48 NA 44

Slovenia 49 55 NA

Romania 43 37 NA

Hungary NA 43 NA

Serbia and Montenegro NA 42 **

Italy NA 41 NA

Sweden 40 40 39

Brazil NA 39 NA

Bulgaria NA 39 NA

Andorra NA 37 NA

Lebanon 37 NA NA

Bosnia NA NA 35

Belarus 31 NA NA

Switzerland NA 31 NA

Russia 29 44 NA

France NA 28 NA

Ukraine 26 30 NA

Japan 25 21 21

Germany 24 20 NA

South Korea 24 19 17

China 22 22 25

Estonia 21 NA NA

Netherlands 21 26 NA

Moldova NA 19 23

Taiwan 15 13 NA

Note: NA = Not Asked. **Serbia and Montenegro were two separate countries in this asking. Serbia’s percentage was

38, and Montenegro’s percentage was 24.

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements...I would rather be a citizen of (country) than of any

other country in the world? (2003–2004 World Values Survey)

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Generally speaking, (country) is a better country

than most other countries? (2003–2004 World Values Survey)

----Rather be a citizen of my---- ---------My country is------

---- country than any other---- -------a better country------

Strongly Strongly

agree Agree agree Agree

Philippines 48% 36% 22% 32%

United States 74 15 40 38 India* NA NA NA NA

Ireland 40 41 10 45

South Africa 42 42 26 44

Mexico* NA NA NA NA

Poland 41 37 6 25

Turkey* NA NA NA NA


Nigeria* NA NA NA NA

New Zealand 53 28 28 46

Brazil* NA NA NA NA

Canada 58 27 30 49

Chile 44 39 16 40

Iceland* NA NA NA NA

Argentina* NA NA NA NA

Portugal 36 46 9 34

Slovenia 39 31 6 23

Hungary 51 35 7 25

Austria 50 27 24 43

Britain 40 31 13 35

Spain 20 54 10 38

Finland 56 25 20 46

Romania* NA NA NA NA

Norway 45 32 14 47

Bulgaria 54 25 15 29

Denmark 56 27 29 38

Northern Ireland* NA NA NA NA

Italy* 29 34 7 31

Sweden 29 32 9 31

China* NA NA NA NA

France 35 25 11 30

Latvia 12 31 3 24

South Korea 37 33 10 33

Switzerland 20 35 3 22

Slovakia 25 28 3 17

Belarus* NA NA NA NA

Russia 44 33 19 29

Czech Republic 31 38 6 23

Belgium* NA NA NA NA

Japan 61 25 39 37

Lithuania* NA NA NA NA

Estonia* NA NA NA NA

Germany 18 41 3 31

Netherlands* 16 32 8 37

Note: NA = Not Asked. * means that the results are from NORC’s 1995 data for the second and third question. Question

wording is the same.

The U.S. versus Elsewhere: Is America Exceptional?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The United States is the greatest country in the history of the

world.

Agree Disagree

Jun. 2007 Fox 80% 16%

Note: Asked of registered voters.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The United States is the greatest country in the world.

Agree Disagree

Jul. 2013 Fox 79% 18%



Do you believe the United States is the best country in the world to live in or is there another country that is better?

U.S. Another country

Feb. 2007 Fox 86% 7%

Feb. 2009 Fox 90 7


Do you believe the United States is the best country in the world to live in, or not?

Yes No

Apr. 2011 Fox 84% 12%

Mar. 2015 Fox 83 14


How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements...agree strongly, agree, neither agree nor disagree,

disagree, or disagree strongly? Generally speaking, America is a better country than most other countries.

Agree Disagree

strongly Agree Neither Disagree strongly

1996 NORC 39% 41% 12% 5% 2%

Sept. 2001 NORC 54 31 9 5 1

Dec. 2001 NORC 53 33 7 6 1

2004 NORC 40 39 14 4 1

2014 NORC 26 47 18 8 1

Note: 2004 Survey asked of half sample.

Which of the following statements best describes your opinion about the United States?

The US stands above The US is one of the greatest There are other

all other countries in countries in the world along countries that are

the world with some others better than the US

Mar. 2011 Pew 38% 53% 8%

Sep. 2011 Pew 48 42 8

Mar. 2014 Pew 28 58 12

Note: Answer format varies slightly between the two questions.

Some people say the United States has a unique character that makes it the greatest country in the world. Others say that

every country is unique, and the United States is no greater than other nations. Which view is closer to your own?

Unique character

makes the US Every country is unique,

the greatest country The US is no greater

in the world than other nations

2012 Chicago Council on Global Affairs 70% 29%

Because of the United States’ history and its Constitution, do you think the US has a unique character that makes it the

greatest country in the world, or don’t you think so?

Yes, has unique No, don’t

character think so

Dec. 2010 Gallup/USA Today 80% 18%

Partisan breakdown

Republican 91% 7%

Democrat 73 23

Independent 77 22


I’m going to read a few statements: for each one, please tell me if you agree or disagree with it...Whatever its faults, the

United States still has the best system of government in the world?

Agree Disagree

Apr. 1992 ABC 85% 14%

Sep. 1994 ABC 84 13

May 1996 ABC 83 15

Dec. 2000 ABC/Wash Post 89 11

Dec. 2007^ ABC/Facebook 81 17

Sept. 2010* Kaiser/Harvard/Wash Post 77 21

Aug. 2011 Wash Post 77 21

Note: *Question wording read “Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Whatever its

faults, the United States still has the best system of government in the world. Do you agree or disagree?” ^ Oversample of

18–29 year olds.

Do you think the United States is losing some of its standing in the world, or not?

Yes, it is No, it isn’t

Jun. 2013 Fox 82% 15%

Jun. 2014 Fox 80 19



disagree, or disagree strongly? The world would be a better place if people from other countries were more like

Americans.

Agree Disagree


1996 NORC 14% 24% 33% 21% 4%

Sept. 2001 NORC 26 23 18 25 6

Dec. 2001 NORC 21 27 21 25 6

2004 NORC 16 26 34 18 6

2014 NORC 7 23 36 28 7

Note: 2004 Survey asked of a half sample.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the American way of life is superior to that of any other country?

(If Agree) Do you say you agree strongly or would you agree somewhat?

Strongly Somewhat

agree agree Disagree

Jan. 1975 Yankelovich 58% 22% 20%

Jun. 1982 Yankelovich 70 20 10

Jun. 1983 NYT 57 21 17

Do you feel that the quality of life is better in America than in most other advanced industrial countries, about the same,

or do you feel that people are better off in most other advanced industrial countries than they are in the United States?

----------------------Quality of life------------------------

Better in About Better in other

America the same countries

1994 NORC 79% 15% 4%

Do you think the United States is exceptional?

Yes No Not sure

Feb. 2015 Economist/YouGov 70% 17% 14%



We’d like you to compare the United States to other industrialized countries in a few different areas. Do you think the

U.S. is the best in the world, above average, average, or below average in ____________ compared to other industrialized

countries?

Best in Above Below

the world average Average average

Its scientific achievements

Apr.–May 2009 Pew 17% 47% 26% 5%

Aug. 2014 Pew 15 39 34 9

Its military

Apr.–May 2009 Pew 42 39 13 3

Aug. 2014 Pew 39 37 15 5

Its economy

Apr.–May 2009 Pew 12 22 33 31

Aug. 2014 Pew 7 26 36 29

Science, technology, engineering, and

math education for grades K to 12

Aug. 2014 Pew 7 22 39 29

Its political system

Apr.–May 2009 Pew 19 31 29 16

Aug. 2014 Pew 12 22 32 31

Medical treatment*

Aug. 2014 Pew 17 34 29 20

Its health care*

Apr.–May 2009 Pew 15 23 32 27

Aug. 2014 Pew 9 16 32 39

Note: *Asked of a half sample.

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements…agree strongly, agree, neither agree nor disagree,

disagree or disagree strongly? I would rather be a citizen of America than of any other country in the world.

Strongly Strongly

agree Agree Neither Disagree disagree

Feb. 1996^ NORC 70% 20% 7% 2% 1%

Sept. 2001 NORC 89 8 2 1 -

Sep.–Oct. 2001*# ISR 82 12 2 2 1

Dec. 2001 NORC 88 9 2 1 -

Mar.–Apr. 2002# ISR 65 27 4 3 1

2004^ NORC 74 15 7 2 1

2014 NORC 60 26 10 4 1

Note: *Poll conducted September 13–27, 2001. ^Asked of half sample. #Question wording read “How much would you

agree or disagree with the following statement: I would rather be a citizen of American than of any other country in the

world? Do you strongly agree, agree neither agree or disagree, disagree, or disagree strongly?”

All things being equal, would you prefer to live in the United States or would you prefer to live in some other country?

U.S. Other country

Mar. 2004 Fox 93% 5%

Jun. 2005 Fox 93 6


Democrat 89% 10%

Republican 98 1

Independent 92 6


If you could be a citizen of any country in the world, which one would you choose?

U.S. Other

Feb. 2003 ORC 83% 15%

Note: Of those who answered “Other,” the top countries mentioned were Canada and Australia, both at 3 percent.

If you were free to do so, would you like to go and settle in another country?

Yes No

Mar. 1948 Gallup 3% 93%

Mar. 1949 Gallup 6 93

Feb. 1950 Gallup 5 93

Jan. 1960 Gallup 6 91

Feb. 1971 Gallup 11 86

Apr. 1972 Gallup 13 87

Dec. 1972 Gallup 11 86

Jan. 1974 Gallup 10 87

Jun. 1976 Gallup 9 89

May 1991 Gallup 9 90

Apr. 1995 Gallup 12 87

Note: *Question wording was, “Please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or

strongly disagree with the following statement...If I were free to do so, I would like to go and settle in another country?”

Results are combined.

If you could double your income by getting a good job in another country, would you take the job even if it meant you

would have to live away from the United States for several years?

Yes No

Jun. 1983 NYT 24% 70%

If you could improve your work or living conditions, how willing or unwilling would you be to move outside

America...very willing, fairly willing, neither willing nor unwilling, fairly unwilling, or very unwilling?

Very Fairly Fairly Very

willing willing Neither unwilling unwilling

Feb. 1996 NORC 6% 9% 11% 16% 55%

If you had the opportunity to leave the United States and permanently live in another country, would you take it?

Yes No

May 2006 Fox 17% 76%

Note: When broken down by party, 8 percent of Republicans and 24 percent of Democrats said they would leave the

United States.

Do you think that most people living in other countries would like to live in the United States if they could?

Yes No

Feb. 2007 Fox 74% 13%

Do you think that most people living in the United States would like to live somewhere else if they could?

Yes No

Feb. 2007 Fox 9% 78%


September 11th Effects

Do you think life in the United States will ever completely return to normal, that is, the way it was before 9/11?

Yes, already Yes, it will

has eventually No

Jun. 2002 Fox 10% 25% 62%

Thinking back to the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, did you feel at the time

that your life had changed in any way or didn’t you feel that way? (If changed, ask:) In general, do you feel your life is

completely back to normal, somewhat back to normal but not completely, or not yet back to normal?) (If changed, but

somewhat back to normal/not yet back to normal, ask:) Do you think your life will ever completely return to normal at

some point in the future, or don't you feel that way?

Back to normal /

Did not change Will be normal Never normal

Aug. 2002 Time/CNN/Harris 42% 24% 32%

Sep. 2003 Time/CNN/Harris 44 28 25

Aug. 2005 Gallup/CNN/ 37 19 42

USA Today

Thinking back to the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, did you feel at the time

that your life had changed in any way or didn’t you feel that way? (If Changed, ask:) In general, do you feel your life is

completely back to normal, somewhat back to normal but not completely, or not yet back to normal?) (If Life changed

and is somewhat/not back to normal, ask:) Do you think your life will ever completely return to normal at some point in

the future, or don't you feel that way?

Back to normal Will be normal Never normal No change

Aug. 2006 CNN 13% 23% 40% 24%

Note: Asked of half sample.

In 2007, for the first time, Gallup has asked people around the world if they would like to

move permanently to another country or stay in the country in which they currently live. Of those

who would like to move to another country, Gallup asks which country in which they would prefer

living. The United States consistently ranks as individuals’ first choice among countries to which

they would like to move, with the United Kingdom as a distant second and Canada as a distant

third. In 2009, approximately 24 percent of those who wanted to migrate chose the United States as

their desired destination. In 2012, approximately 22 percent did.

When the same question was last asked of people in the U.S. in 2012, 11 percent of

Americans said they would like to leave the country. This response has not changed much since

Gallup first asked Americans this question in 2009. Eleven percent of Americans responded

affirmatively in that first asking. Ten percent did so in the intervening 2 years.

Q: Ideally, if you had the opportunity, would you like to move permanently to another country, or

would you prefer to continue living in this country? To which country would you like to move?

-----Number of adults in millions who would like to move countries-----

United States United Kingdom Canada

2007–2009 165 45 45

2010–2012 138 42 37

Note: Projected numbers based on percentages who would like to move.


Do you think Americans are more _______ today than they were before September 11?

Jun. 2002 Fox

Yes No

Patriotic 85% 12%

Caring 77 19

Determined 76 17

Honest 40 46

Which of the following best describes your level of patriotism after September 11? Would you say you feel much more

patriotic, somewhat more patriotic, or do you have about the same level of patriotism?

Much more Somewhat more About the

patriotic patriotic same

Jan. 2002 TIPP/IBD-CSM 36% 24% 39%

Right after September 11, many people noted increased feelings of patriotism and neighborliness. Since then do you think

those feelings have faded a little, some but not a lot, a lot but not completely, or have those feelings completely faded?

Feelings of

patriotism Some, but A lot, but not

faded a little not a lot completely Completely All (Vol.)

Mar. 2002 Fox 32% 33% 10% 2% 19%

Jun. 2002 Fox 34 37 13 1 12

Sep. 2002 Fox 34 30 10 3 19

The next questions are about the September 11th terrorist attacks on the United States. As far as you can tell, did each of

the following actually happen, or not? (If Yes) Do you think this will probably last for a long while, for only a few

months or is it already over?

Jan. 2002 Public Agenda/Pew Charitable Trusts

---------------Will last-----------------

Yes, No, did not Long Few Already

happened happen time months over

Some people thought that Americans

would appreciate their country more

in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. 87% 12% 54% 38% 6%

Some people thought that people would

become more caring and thoughtful

toward one another as a result of the

terrorist attacks 74 24 34 46 18

Some people thought that America’s

elected officials would put politics

aside and pay more attention to what

was good for the country as a result

of the terrorist attacks 55 39 30 45 23

Please tell me whether or not you have done each of the following things in response to last week’s events. Have you

displayed an American flag?

Yes No

Sep. 2001 PSRA/Newsweek 79% 21%


Within the past two weeks, have you, personally, done any of the following as a direct result of September 11th? How

about display an American flag?

Yes No

Sep. 2001* Gallup/CNN/USA Today 82% 18%

Mar. 2002 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 68 32

Sep. 2002 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 66 34

Note: * Question wording was, “As a result of the terrorist attacks this past Tuesday, have you, personally, done or plan

to do any of the following? How about...?”

In the past week have you made a special effort to display the flag?

Yes No

Sep. 2001 Fox 80% 20%

Oct. 2001 Fox 79 20

Mar. 2002 Fox 61 39

Have you purchased an American flag in the last 10 months, that is, since September 11, 2001?

Yes No

Jun. 2002 Fox 55% 45%

Since September 11th, has there been too much, too little or the right amount of showing the American flag?

Too Right Too much amount little Oct. 2001 Pew 8% 73% 17% Mar. 2002 Pew 16 66 16

Please tell me whether each of these is something you have or have not done as a result of the terrorist attacks...Sang God

Bless America?

Yes No

Sep. 2001 Harris Interactive 70% 30%

Please tell me whether each of these is something you have or have not done as a result of the terrorist attacks...Sang the

Star Spangled Banner?

Yes No

Sep. 2002 Harris Interactive 63% 37%

Since September 11, have you been more or less likely to wear red, white, and blue?

More likely Less likely Same

Oct. 2001 Fox 60% 8% 30%

Will you, personally, be doing anything this Fourth of July as a remembrance of the events of September 11th, or not?

Yes No

Jun. 2002 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 35% 60%

Thinking back, do each of the following describe or not describe your reactions in the weeks and months following the

September 11th terrorist attack? I felt more patriotic.

Yes No

Aug. 2006 Time/SRBI 68% 30%


Does this describe how you feel today, five years after the September 11th attack? I feel more patriotic.

Yes No

Aug. 2006 Time/SRBI 65% 33%

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it was said that Americans became more patriotic and united. Do you

think Americans are just as patriotic and united now as they were immediately following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, or are

they more patriotic and united now or less patriotic and united now?

Same More Less

Aug. 2011 CBS/NYT 18% 31% 47%

Flying the Flag

Do you own an American flag?

Yes No

Jun. 2007 Fox 86% 14%

Do you display the flag at your home, in your office, or on your car?

Yes, display the flag No

Aug. 2002 Pew 75% 25%

Jun.–Jul. 2003 Pew 69 29

Mar. 2005 Pew 64 36

Jan. 2007 Pew 62 38

Apr. 2009 Pew 59 40

Mar. 2010 Pew 58 42

Jun. 2010 Pew 59 41

Mar. 2011 Pew 75 25

Apr. 2011 Pew 44 56

Aug. 2012 PRRI* 58 42

Note: *Public Religion Research Institute.

Are you displaying an American flag on a daily basis these days--either at your home, on your car or anywhere else, or

not?

Yes No

Mar. 2002 ABC/Wash Post 65% 35%

Sep. 2002 ABC 68 32

(If Yes) Did you start displaying the flag on a daily basis after September 11th, or were you doing it before then?

Before After

Mar. 2002 ABC/Wash Post 38% 62%

Sep. 2002 ABC 45 55

As result of the beginning of the war in the Persian Gulf, have you...displayed an American flag?

Yes No

Mar. 2003 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 56% 44%

Have you flown an American flag at any time during the past year?

Yes No

Jun. 2007 Fox 68% 32%


And again, thinking about your own community, are there a lot, some, or hardly any displays of patriotism such as flags,

bumper stickers, and signs?

A lot Some Hardly any

Aug. 2002 Pew 78% 18% 4%

Which of the following, if any, do you think you will do this Fourth of July? How about display an American flag?

Yes No

Jun.–Jul. 2001 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 66% 33%

Jun. 2002 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 83 16

May 2006 ICR 68 30

Thinking about things that some people do, please say how likely are you to engage in the following activities.

June 2013 Public Religion Research Institute

Very Somewhat Not too Not at all

likely likely likely likely

Thank a member of the military

for their service 81% 14% 2% 2%

Sing the national anthem 69 17 7 6

Display an American flag at

your home or in your car 59 22 10 9

Attend a public 4th of July

celebration this year 53 27 10 9

Make a special effort to buy

products that are made in

America, even if they cost more 50 35 10 5

Now as I read a few statements please tell me whether you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree or completely

disagree with each one . . . It is important to publicly show support for you country by doing things such as displaying the

flag.

Completely Mostly Mostly Completely

agree agree disagree disagree

Jun. 2015 PRRI 52% 32% 9% 5%


Does someone actually have to do something to be patriotic--or is it enough to love your country?

Do something Enough

Jun. 1983 NYT 33% 61%

Nov. 1983 NYT 34 59

Here are some things that people think of as patriotic. Other people think that patriotism really doesn’t have much to do

with these things. What do you think? Is _______ a sign of patriotism, or doesn’t patriotism have much to do with it?

Sign of Not a sign

patriotism of patriotism

Voting

Jun. 1983 NYT 83% 14%

Nov. 1983 NYT 81 16

Serving in the armed forces

Jun. 1983 NYT 72% 21%

Nov. 1983 NYT 63 31

Doing jury duty

Jun. 1983 NYT 67% 28%

Nov. 1983 NYT 63 31

Joining in the singing of the Star Spangled Banner

Jun. 1983 NYT 77% 19%

Paying taxes honestly

Jun. 1983 NYT 61% 33%

Working in the Peace Corps

Jun. 1983 NYT 55% 34%

Buying only American products

Jun. 1983 NYT 52% 43%

Working in a political campaign

Jun. 1983 NYT 49% 44%

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A PATRIOT?: Pollsters don’t often ask people what

it means to be a patriot. Around 60 percent told New York Times interviewers in 1983 that it was

enough to love your country to be patriotic. A third said you needed to “do something.” More than

seven in ten said serving in the military was a demonstration of patriotism.

In August 2008, Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research asked how patriotic several activities

were. Voting (78 percent), saying the Pledge of Allegiance (70 percent), working hard at your job (62

percent), volunteering in your community (61 percent) and paying your fair share of taxes (61 percent)

ranked at the top as very patriotic activities. Accepting what government officials say without

questioning ranked last, with only 11 percent saying it was very patriotic.

In June 2014, Fox News asked whether various activities were acts of patriotism. Ninety-four

percent considered flying the American flag an act of patriotism, the most of any activity. Ninety-three

percent said voting in elections was an act of patriotism, and 90 percent said joining the military was

an act of patriotism.

A few other pollsters have explored obligations of citizenship, and their data are reproduced

below.


_________: Please tell me if you consider it an act of patriotism, or not?

Fox News

Yes No

Flying an American flag

Jun. 2014 94% 6%

Voting in elections

Apr. 2002 80 15

Jun. 2014 93 7

Joining the military

Jun. 2014 90 9

Serving on a jury

Jun. 2014 83 16

Staying informed on the news

Jun. 2014 79 20

Paying taxes

Apr. 2002 67 26

Jun. 2014 78 20

Volunteering on a political campaign

Jun. 2014 70 28

Participating in a political protest

Jun. 2014 61 34

Owning a gun

Jun. 2014 50 47


We all know that Americans have certain rights, such as the right to free speech and to a free public education. Now I’d

like you to consider what obligations or responsibilities, if any, we have towards others. For each of the following, do

you feel it is an absolutely essential obligation for us as Americans, a very important obligation, or is entirely a matter of

personal preference...?

Jan.–Apr. 1996 Gallup/UVA

Absolutely Very Somewhat Personal

essential important important preference

Treating all people equally regardless of

race or ethnic background 57% 33% 6% 4%

Reporting a crime that one has witnessed 54 36 7 4

Taking action to help if you hear someone

screaming or see them being attacked 54 34 7 6

Being able to speak and understand English 53 33 11 4

Voting in elections 53 29 9 9

Working to reduce inequality and injustice 41 42 12 6

Being civil with others with whom we

disagree 35 45 14 6

Keeping fully informed about news and

public issues 30 42 19 10

Donating blood or organs to help with

medical needs 20 37 18 26

Volunteering time to community service 16 42 26 16


Do you feel the following is a very important obligation, a somewhat important obligation, or not an obligation that a

citizen owes to the country...?

Feb. 1999 Penn/Schoen/Berland (D)

Very Somewhat Not an

important important obligation

Reporting a crime you may have witnessed 90% 7% 2%

Attending parent teacher conferences 89 9 2

Voting in elections 87 10 3

Being able to speak and understand English 85 12 3

Serving in the military if drafted 76 13 10

Keeping fully informed about news and public issues 73 24 2

Serving on a jury if called 73 23 3

Contributing to help the less fortunate 71 22 6

Protesting unjust public policies 61 22 12

Participating in “Town Hall” community decision

making meetings 59 31 7

Participating in neighborhood organizations 56 38 5

Volunteering some time to community services 55 40 3

Volunteering for the military 48 35 16

Patriotism means many things to many people. I am going to read a number of activities that some people believe are

important parts of patriotism. For each activity, I would like you to say if you agree or disagree that the activity is an

“important part of patriotism.” How about...?

Jan. 2002 Gallup/Harwood

Agree Disagree

Voting 97% 3%

Volunteering in the community 89 11

Displaying an American flag 86 14

Working for the common good, even when it runs

counter to one’s immediate self-interests 85 13

Engaging in conversations with other people about

important political issues our nation faces 84 15

Raising one’s voice in opposition to prevailing public

opinion in times of national crisis if one believes

core democratic values at stake 83 16

Donating money to a community organization that helps

those in need 82 17

Questioning the decisions of our nation’s leaders, even

when they are trying to rally the country 77 21

Demonstrating on behalf of a cause one believes in

strongly even when the cause is unpopular 75 24

Attending a parade celebrating America 74 26


Now I’m going to read you some things people do in America. For each one, please rate how patriotic a thing it is with

one hundred meaning that thing is very patriotic, zero meaning very unpatriotic, and fifty meaning neither very patriotic

or very unpatriotic. You can use any number from zero to one hundred, the higher the number the more patriotic you

think that thing is. If you have no opinion please say so…

Aug. 2008 Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research

Very Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Very

patriotic patriotic (50) unpatriotic unpatriotic

(76-100) (51-75) (26-49) (0-25)

Voting 78% 8% 7% 2% 3%

Saying the Pledge of Allegiance 70 12 11 2 4

Working hard at your job 62 16 12 1 5

Volunteering in your community 61 20 10 1 4

Paying your fair share of taxes 61 13 15 2 6

Wearing an American flag pin 46 19 18 2 11

Prayer 42 7 22 2 18

Protesting bad government decisions 38 22 17 6 11

Agreeing with the president in a time

of war, no matter what 22 14 27 6 27

Accepting what government officials

say without questioning it 11 12 20 9 43

Note: Survey conducted of a half sample.

Is it possible for someone to do the following things and still be considered patriotic?

Economist/YouGov

Yes No

Refuse to serve in a war that they oppose

Jul. 2009 56% 44%

Jun. 2011 59 41

Disobey a law that they think is immoral

Jul. 2009 62% 38%

Jun. 2011 62 38

Criticize our leaders to foreigners

Jun. 2009 53% 47%

Jul. 2011 55 45

Refuse to pay taxes

Jun. 2009 44% 56%

Jul. 2011 36 64

Burn an American flag in protest

Jul. 2009 22% 78%

Jun. 2011 20 80

Jun. 2013 18 71

Some people say the following things are important for being truly American. Others say they are not important. How

important do you think each of the following is...to respect America’s political institutions and laws...very important,

fairly important, not very important or not important at all?

Very Fairly Not very Not important

important important important at all

1996 NORC 63% 28% 5% 2%

2004 NORC 74 23 2 1

2014 NORC 65 29 4 3

Note: 2004 Survey asked of half sample.


Do you think that Americans should support this county in wartime even if they believe that its actions are wrong?

Yes No

Jun. 1983 NYT 70% 23%

Nov. 1983 NYT 72 21

Do you think someone can be patriotic if they don’t support the Iraq war?

Yes No

Mar. 2006 CBS 83% 12%

Do you believe it is unpatriotic to protest any actions the U.S. may take in response to the terrorist attacks, or not?

Not unpatriotic Unpatriotic

Sep. 2001 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 50% 47%

Do you think the Americans who are protesting against the war are acting unpatriotic during a time of national crisis, or

acting appropriately by expressing their opinions?

Expressing Acting

opinions unpatriotically

Oct. 2001 Fox 59% 33%


disagree, or disagree strongly? People should support their country even if the country is in the wrong?

Agree Disagree


1996 NORC 11% 21% 18% 37% 11%

2004 NORC 12 24 22 31 9

2014 NORC 8 23 23 37 9


Now I’m going to read you some different goals that young people might have. Using a scale from 1 to 10, please rate

each one in terms of its importance to you personally. If a particular goal is “extremely important” to you pick a number

closer to 10. If it has average importance, pick a number around 5 or 6. And if a particular goal is not really important to

you pick a number closer to 1. You can select any number between 1 and 10, depending on how strongly you feel. Here

is the first one–being a good American who cares about the good of the country?

---------------Asked of persons 15 to 24 years of age-----------------

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

Nov. 1998 Tarrance/ Lake-Snell/NASS 2% 3% 15% 37% 43%

And using the same scale, with 1 meaning not important at all, and 10 being the most important thing in your life–how

important is being an American to you personally?

------------------Asked of persons 15 to 24 years of age-----------------

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

Nov. 1998 Tarrance/ Lake-Snell/NASS 3% 2% 9% 25% 62%

When it comes to your feelings about being an American, do you consider yourself very patriotic, somewhat patriotic, not

very patriotic, or not at all patriotic?

--------------Asked of college undergraduates, 2001–2004-------------

----------------Asked of persons 18 to 24 years old, 2008---------------

Very Somewhat Not very Not at

patriotic patriotic patriotic all

Oct. 2001 Harvard IOP 48% 44% 6% 1% Oct. 2002 Harvard IOP 33 57 8 2

Apr. 2003 Harvard IOP 43 49 7 1

Oct. 2003 Harvard IOP 39 50 9 2

Mar. 2004 Harvard IOP 32 55 10 2



Note: IOP stands for Institute of Politics.

How patriotic are you? Would you say...extremely patriotic, very patriotic, somewhat patriotic, or not especially

patriotic?

-------------------Asked of persons 18 to 29 years old---------------------



Aug. 2002 Wash Post/Kaiser/Harvard 18% 33% 36% 11%

Jun. 2005 Gallup/CNN/USA Today 21 41 27 12

Note: Among those in the 30–49 age bracket, 71 percent said they were “extremely” or “very” patriotic; in the 50–64

age breakdown, 79 percent said they were “extremely” or “very” patriotic; in the 65+ age bracket, 76 percent said they

were “extremely” or “very” patriotic.

ATTITUDES OF YOUNG PEOPLE: In his book Surprise, Security, and the American

Experience, historian John Lewis Gaddis relates a story about a classroom experience after 9/11.

“Would it be OK now for us to be patriotic?” a student asked the professor. Gaddis replied, “Yes, I

think it would.” Although we don’t have available to us historical data on college students’ patriotism,

a near majority of them (48 percent) in a poll taken soon after 9/11 described themselves as very

patriotic and another 44 percent as somewhat patriotic. In October 2008, those responses were 33 and

45 percent, respectively.

Young people, like their elders, are not enthusiastic about reinstating the draft, although they

seem receptive to other forms of community and national service. (See the authors for additional data on

this point.)


Which of the following do you most agree with...Being a good citizen means having some special obligations or being a

good citizens simply means being a good person?

-----Asked of college undergraduates----

Special Good

obligations person

Apr. 2003 Harvard IOP 52% 46%

In your opinion, which of the following is the most important kind of activity a citizen can engage in?

Jan. 2002 CIRCLE

------15-25 year olds-----

Getting involved in politics and government 12%

Participating in national organizations trying to change our society 23

Volunteering in local community activities to address local problems 49

Not sure 11

Note: CIRCLE stands for Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement. CIRCLE studies

youth civic and political participation and produces an Annual Youth Survey.

Now I am going to read you some things people have suggested to focus more on citizenship and do more for their

community and country. For each suggestion, please tell me whether you favor or oppose it.

Jan. 2002 CIRCLE

------15–25 year olds-----

Favor Oppose

Requiring all graduating high school students to complete a

certain amount of community service to receive their diploma 43% 55%

Instituting a new kind of draft that gives people the choice between

civilian or military service 61 30

Making classes on civics and government a requirement for high school graduation 66 31

Offering every young person a chance to do a full year of national or community

service and earn money toward college or advanced training 81 17

Would you favor or oppose requiring all young men/women to give one year of service to the nation, either in the military

services or in non-military work here or abroad, such as work in hospitals or with elderly people?

-----------Asked of persons 13 to 17 years old---------

Young men Young women

favor favor

1977 Gallup 47% 38%

1984 Gallup 62 51

1986 Gallup 62 56

1989 Gallup 49 44

1992 Gallup 52 47

Would you favor or oppose requiring all young Americans to give one year of service to the nation, either in the military

services or in non-military work here or abroad, such as work in hospitals or with elderly people?

-------Asked of persons 13 to 17 years old-------

Favor

2000 Gallup 51%

2004* Gallup 42

Note: * Question wording was “Would you favor or oppose requiring all men and women to give one year of service

to the nation, either in the military or in non-military work, such as work in hospitals or with elderly people?”


Do you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose a national law that would require one

year of national service from all young Americans, with the option of either military or non-military service?

------------------------Asked of college undergraduates----------------------

Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly

support support oppose oppose

Apr. 2003 Harvard IOP 10% 21% 23% 45%

Many pollsters in the United States regularly supply us with their data. This report could not have been

done without their assistance, and we thank them for it. The data in this report come from the archive of

public opinion polls at the American Enterprise Institute and from the Roper Center archive in Storrs,

Connecticut. The Roper Center is the oldest and largest archive of public opinion data in the world. To

learn more about the Roper Center, visit http://roperweb.ropercenter.uconn.edu

For comments or questions

contact Karlyn Bowman at [email protected] or Eleanor O’Neil at [email protected].

Compiled by Karlyn Bowman (Senior Fellow)

Heather Sims (Research Assistant) and

Eleanor O’Neil (Research Assistant)

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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