advisor for validation, verification and analyses of data ... filenikola golubov advisor for...
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Nikola Golubov Advisor for validation, verification and analyses of data
Ministry of environment and physical planning
AQ workshop
2 - 4 July 2013, Prizren
Zones and agglomeration in the Republic of Macedonia • Twining project “Air quality improvement”
September 2006 – May 2008
• Preliminary air quality assessment
• Establishment of zones and agglomeration in the Republic of Macedonia
• List of ambient air quality zones and agglomerations (Official Gazette of RM no.23/2009)
Zone/ agglomerations
Statistical regions
Population Area/ km2 Density
Eastern zone
Vardar
681252 13182,51 51.67 Easter
North-east South-east
Western zone Pelagonija
770413 10476,30 73.54 Polog South-west
Skopje agglomeration
Skopje 601057 1717,70 349.91
Zones and Agglomeration in Republic of Macedonia
Zones and agglomeration in Republic of Macedonia
Air quality assessment methods
Methods used for air quality assessment Air quality data (State air quality automated monitoring
system 2006 – 2010 data)
Air emission data (Data from the Cadaster of air polluters and pollutants from the CORINAIR inventory)
Dispersion modelling
Pollutants: SO2, NO2, PM10, CO и O3
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Centar
Gazi Baba
Lisice
Miladinovci
Mrsevci
CL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
Lazaropole
CL
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
CL
Sulfur dioxide
Zone/ agglomeration
Assessment of the upper and lower assessment threshold
Use of assessment methods
Skopje Exceedance of UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
East Exceedance of UAT (Lower assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
West
Concentrations between LAT (Lower assessment thresholdка) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Combination of measurements, supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements for air quality assessment
Main sources of SO2 emission
• Production of energy
• industry (oil refineries, metal industry)
Nitrogen dioxide
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
kto
nn
es
year
Total emissions of NOx for the period 2002 - 2009
Nature
Agriculture
Waste treatment and disposal
Other mobile sources and machinery
Road transport
Solvent and other product use
Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels andgeothermal energy
Production processes (stationary sources)
Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)
Non-industrial combustion plants (stationarysources)
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)
43%
4%18%
2%
28%
5%
NOx emissions in 2009
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)
Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)
Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)
Production processes (stationary sources)
Road transport
Other mobile sources and machinery
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Centar
Gazi Baba
Lisice
Rektorat
Miladinovci
Mrsevci
LV
UAT
LAT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
LV
UAT
LAT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
LV
UAT
LAT
Nitrogen dioxide
Zone/ agglomeration
Assessment of the upper and lower assessment
threshold Use of assessment methods
Skopje Hourly and annual concentrations exceede the UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
East Annual concentrations are bellow LAT, however hourly concentration exceede UAT
Fixed measurements are compulsory
West
Hourly and annual concentrations are between LAT (Lower assessment threshold) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Combination of measurements, supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements for air quality assessment
Main sources of nitrous oxides emission
• Combustion and production industrial processes
• Traffic
Total suspended particles
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
kto
nn
es
year
Total emissions of TSP for the period 2002 - 2009
Nature
Agriculture
Waste treatment and disposal
Other mobile sources and machinery
Road transport
Solvent and other product use
Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energy
Production processes (stationary sources)
Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)
Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)
18%
5%
15%62%
0% 0%
TSP emissions in 2009
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)
Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)
Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)
Production processes (stationary sources)
Solvent and other product use
Other mobile sources and machinery
Total suspended particles
PM10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Centar
Gazi Baba
Lisice
Miladinovci
Mrsevci
Rektorat
LV
UAT
LAT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
Lazaropole
LV
UAT
LAT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
LV
UAT
LAT
PM10
Zone/ agglomeration
Assessment of the upper and lower assessment threshold
Use of assessment methods
Skopje Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
East Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
West Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
Main sources of PM10 emission
• traffic
• Combustion and industrial processes
• Household heating
• uncontrolled waste incineration
• wildfires
Carbon monoxide
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
kto
nn
es
year
Total emissions of CO for the period 2002 - 2009
Nature
Agriculture
Waste treatment and disposal
Other mobile sources and machinery
Road transport
Solvent and other product use
Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energy
Production processes (stationary sources)
Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)
Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)
1%
41%
2%8%0%
42%
1%0%
5%
CO emissions in 2009
Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)Production processes (stationary sources)
Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energyRoad transport
Other mobile sources and machinery
Waste treatment and disposal
Nature
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Centar
Gazi Baba
Lisice
Miladinovci
Mrsevci
Rektorat
LV
UAT
LAT
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
Lazaropole
LV
UAT
LAT
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
LV
UAT
LAT
Carbon monoxide
Zone/ agglomeration
Assessment of the upper and lower assessment threshold
Use of assessment methods
Skopje Concentrations exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
East
Concentrations between LAT (Lower assessment threshold) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Combination of measurements, supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements for air quality assessment
West Concentrations exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)
Fixed measurements are compulsory
Main sources of CO emission
• Traffic
• Combustion and industrial processes
Ozone
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Lisice
Miladinovci
Rektorat
Long term objective forprotection of human health
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
Lazaropole
Long term objective forprotection of humanhealth
0
50
100
150
200
250
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
Long term objective forprotection of humanhealth
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration
Karpos
Lisice
Miladinovci
Rektorat
Long term objective forprotection of vegetation
Ozone
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1 2 3 4 5 6
mg/
m3
AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone
Bitola-1
Bitola-2
Tetovo
Kicevo
Lazaropole
Long term objective forprotection of vegetation
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mg/
m3
AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone
Kocani
Kumanovo
Veles-1
Veles-2
Kavadarci
Long term objective forprotection of vegetation
Ozone
Zone/ agglomeration
Assessment of the exceedance of the long-term
objectives Use of assessment methods
Skopje Ozone concentrations exceede the long-term human health and vegetation protection objectives in the course of any previous five year measurements
Fixed measurements are compulsory
East Fixed measurements are compulsory
West Fixed measurements are compulsory
Secondary polltants (NOx, VOC)
• Traffic
• Industry
• Gasoline evapration
• Chemical solvents
Zone/ agglomeration
SO2 NO2 PM10 CO O3
Agglomeration
Skopje 1 1 1 1 1
Zone
East 1 1 1 2 1
West 2 2 1 1 1
Assessment modes in zones and agglomerations
Mode 3
Mode 1
Mode 2
LV
UAT
LAT
Minimum monitoring station in zones and agglomerations
Zone Population SO2 NO2 NOx PM10 CO
O3
Health Eco-
system Health
Eco-system
Health Vegetation
Skopje 578 144 2 0 2 0 3 2 2 0
East 680 596 2 0 2 0 3 2 2 0
West 763 807 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 1
Total 5 1 5 1 10 7 6 1
Current number of monitoring stations in zones and agglomerations
Zone Population SO2 NO2 NOx PM10 CO
O3
Health Eco-
system Health
Eco-system
Health Vegetation
Skopje 578 144 4 0 5 0 5 5 3 0
East 680 596 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 0
West 763 807 4 1 4 1 5 4 4 1
Total 13 1 14 1 15 14 12 1
Supplementing or reorganizing the SAQAMS
Agglomeration Skopje: 3 suburban ozone measurement stations
East zone: 1 PM10 and Nitrous Oxides urban background station and 1 suburban ozone measurement station
West zone: 1 PM10 and Carbon Monoxide urban background station
Improve SAQAMS data quality
Improve quality and air emission data coverage (traffic, household heating wood burning)
Conclusions
• Continuous use of dispersion modelling
• Additional measurement campaigns for air quality assessment
– Different environments (i.e. Urban background area in the vicinity of populated areas, rural populated areas, areas influenced by traffic outside cities (in the vicinity of regional roads), rural background areas
– Towns without fixed measurement (Prilep, Ohrid, Kriva Palanka, Shtip, Kratovo, Strumica, Berovo, Delcevo)
• Prepare plans and programs for air quality improvement
Conclusions
Thank you for the attention