adverbial clause-grammar 4
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ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
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ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
An adverbial clauseis a clause thatfunctions as an adverb. In other
words, it contains subject (explicit orimplied) and predicate, and itmodifies a verb.
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TYPES OF ADVERBIAL PHRASE
TYPE QUESTION ANSWER EXAMPLE
Place Where? Where there arecomputers, there isMicrosoft software.
Time When? After the fruit is harvest, itis sold at the marker.
Cause Why? (what caused this?) I didnt call her because Iam shy.
Purpose What was the reason fordoing this?
She took a computercourse so that she couldnot get a better job.
Condition Under what conditions? Ifyou save your money,you will be able to go tocollege.
Contrast Unexpected Result Although we worked dayand night, we couldntmeet the deadline.
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SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
An adverb clause is always introduced by asubordinating conjunction:
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SUBORDINATING CONJUCTION
KIND OF CLAUSE COMMONCONJUCTION
EXAMPLE
TIME AFTER,BEFOREWHEN,WHILE,
After finished mydinner, I did my
homework
AS,SINCE,UNTIL. As he stepped into the
house ,his childrenrushed over to greet
him.She looks beautiful
since she has boyfriend
CAUSE BECAUSE,NOW THAT,SINCE
Because I have a lot ofmoney, I can buy
anything.
CONTRAST THOUGH,EVENTHOUGH,
ALTHOUGH
Although we workedday and night, we
couldnt meet deadline.
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Note : the auxiliarieis may or can are often used in purpose clauses
KIND OF CLAUSE COMMONCONJUNCTION
EXAMPLE
DIRECT CONTRAST WHILE ,WHEREAS Jane is poor while Marryis rich
CONDITION IF,UNLESS,IN THE EVENTHAT ,IN CASE
If I were you , I wouldstudy hard.
Whether or not I am going to swimmingtomorrow whether or notits cold
PURPOSE THAT,IN ORDER THAT,SO(THAT)
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He closed the windows _______ it began to rain.
He went to bed ________ he was sleepy.
______ he was walking in the park, he noticed avery pretty girl.
I went to bed ____________ I was not tired.
Ill be at gittas house ________ you need to meetme.
You cant a drivers license _________ leastsixteen years old.
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VERBS IN TIME CLAUSES
(FUTURE TIME) Present tense and present perfect tense are
used in clauses expressing future time.
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PRESENT PERFECT
The structure of the present perfect tense is :
S + have/has + past participle + O
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
BEGINNING WITH WERE,HAD,SHOULD
In unreal condition and in real condition withshould, it is possible to omit if and reservethe order of the subject and auxiliary.
Example :
If you should need more money, go to thebank before six oclock.
Shouldyou need more money, go to the bankbefore six oclock.
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If we had known about this sooner,we could have helped you
________________________________
If you should need more money, Ill be
glad to lend you some.
_________________________________
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I wasnt run over by a ten-ton truck.
I feel terrible
I feel terrible as if I hadnt been run over by aten-ton truck
You didnt see a ghost.
Whats the matter? You look Whats the matter ? You look as if you
________ a ghost.
He is not a child.She talked to him.
She talked to him as if he _________ a child
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ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER
The verbs in manner clauses beginning withas if or as though are sometimes either in theindicative or the subjunctive mood.
Indicative- He looks as if he needs sleep
- He looks as if he hasnt slept for a week.
Subjunctive
- He looks as if he needed sleep
- He looks as if he hadnt slept for a week.
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INTRODUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
PERSON
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
THINGS
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Who
Whom
Which Whose
That
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EXAMPLES
The doctor who come to see the sick womengave her some medicine.
The doctor whom they had called was
delayed because of a traffic accident. The tree which was planted last year already
has blossoms.
The doctor, whose office was newlydecorated, started to charge higher fees.
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The movie ___________ she saw last nightwas not very good.
T he man ____________ I told you last night is
Prof.Bangun
The man, _____________ met you in theparty last night is my brother.
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS
OF PREPOSITIONS
She is the woman .
I told you about her.
She is the woman about whom I told you. She is the woman whom I told you about.
She is the woman that I told you about.
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The topic was interesting . Omar talk about it.
______________________________________
The man is standing over there . I was tellingyou about him.
______________________________________
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USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE FOR
SUMMARIZING
In summary, adjective clauses describe nounsand pronouns.