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Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
LIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING Saves energy, Controls humidity, Cleans air
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JOSE M ESPINOSASales Director, Latin AmericaEmail: @advantixsystems.com
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Air conditioning as we’ve known it…
musty odors
freezing conditions
high electric bills
maintenance issues
mold & bacteria
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Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Sensible(temperature reduction)
60-80%
Reduced directly by absorbing heat into the refrigerant
Conventional A/C Process
Reduced indirectly by overcooling air to condensation point
Humidity: The Hidden Cost Driver
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Typical Building Design Load
Latent(humidity removal)
20-40%
Temperature
Humidity
Humidity Removal
30-50% of energy costs
40-60% of up-front costs
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RULES
When plotted on a psychometric chart, the
extension of the line joining the air entering
and leaving conditions MUST intersect the
saturation line. This intersection is known as
the Average Coil Surface Temperature( ),
Apparatus Dew Point or Coil Dew Point. sT
I
For all coils that cool and dehumidify:
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Enteringcondition
Leaving condition
sT
Average CoilSurfaceTemperature(Apparatus DewPoint - ADP)
Coolingcoil process
Cooling
Dehumidifying
Saturationline
2004 ASHRAE HANDBOOK“Performance of Dehumidifying Coils” - Pag. 21.12
5
Higher OA
Humidity
40 45 50 55 60 65
2
4
6
8
Room Relative Humidity (%)
To
ns
Dehumidifying Capacity Required(1000 CFM of Outdoor Ventilation Air)
Supply Air: 75F DB
28.3 22.0 16.5
Reheat Capacity Required (MBH)
13.5
80°F OAWB
75°F OAWB
70°F OAWB
6DOAS
Conditioned
Space
O.A.
TRADITIONAL HVAC SYSTEM
R.A.
T
The HVAC system is expected to pull triple duty:
ventilation, humidity and temperature control
7DOAS
Conditioned
Space
DOAS CONCEPT
DOASO.A.
Dedicated Outdoor Air System
STCS
Space Temperature Control System
T
R.A.
8DOAS
If the sensible contribution of the DOAS to the room sensible cooling capacity is higher than the minimum room sensible load the ventilation air must be reheated to avoid overcooling the space.
CAUTION
The outdoor ventilation air must be cooled to a condition below the room dew point in order to control the humidity in the room.Besides neutralizing the room latent load it will also make a contribution to offset the room sensible load.
9DOAS
Room condition: 75°F/55%RH
Example
G =155
30 x 0.69
= 8 gr/lb
Humidity ratio of incoming O.A. = 71 – 8 = 63 gr/lb
Approx. coil leaving DB/WB: 55.0°F/54.7°F
Humidity ratio of supply ventilation air to offset the guest room latent load:
/71gr/lb
Contribution of the DOAS ventilation air to the room sensible cooling requirements (neglecting supply and fan heat gains):
30 x 1.10 x (75 – 55) = 660 BTUH
10DOAS
DOAS – OPTIONS WITH REHEAT
FanO.A.
Reheat coil
CONVENTIONAL REHEAT
Cooling coil
Filters
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HEAT RECOVERY
Ventilation Air
Consider…
Operating Cost
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DOAS c/ Reheat
Panama, Panama:
189
MBH
83.6
Tons
55oFDB
55oFWB
65Gr/lb d.a.
T
86oFDB
158Gr/lb d.a.
81.7oFWB
10,000
CFM
To
Guest
rooms
72oFDB
65Gr/lb d.a.
61.3oFWB
T
Cooling
Coil
Reheat
Coil
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h=27.4BTU/lb
h=41.3BTU/lb
Dry Bulb Temperature
Hum
idity R
atio
h=45.5BTU/lb
86
156
O.A.
65
55
Cooling Coil
h=23.2BTU/lb
72
Reheat Coil
78.1
Panama, Panama
4.2BTU/lb
4.2BTU/lb
18.1BTU/lb
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Heat Recovery
10000CFM
86.0oFBS
81.7oFWB
78.1oFBS
77.8oFWB
55.0oFBS
55.0oFWB
72.0oFDB
61.3oFWB
Chilled Wateror DX
Pump-Around
Panama, Panama
189.0MBH 189.0MBH814.5MBH
Precooling Reheat
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Heat Recovery – Heat Pipe
Heat Pipe
To rooms
Outdoor
Air
Cooling
coil
Fan
U Shape Arrangement
Coolingcoil
16DOAS
DOAS w/ HEAT RECOVERY WHEEL
FanO.A.
TOTAL AND SENSIBLE
Fan E.A.
TotalH.R.wheel
SensibleH.R.wheelCooling
coil
EXHAUST
TOSPACE
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Standard approaches to dealing with humidity:
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Off-the-Shelf
Dedicated Systems / DOAS
Solid Desiccant
• Overcools the air using traditional vapor-compression equipment
• Overcools as above, with larger coil and refrigeration capacity, often reheats to achieve comfortable conditions
• Extracts humidity through chemical absorption and heat, requires post-cooling of overheated air
Welcome to our World!Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning
Cool, dehumidify and clean air
Jose M Espinosa - [email protected]
Sales Director Latin America
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Introducing Advantix Systems’ liquid desiccant air conditioning
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All rights reserved Milestones 20
The DuCool system operates on the principle of chemical absorption of
water vapor from the air and uses a desiccant solution of water and Lithium
Chloride salt. This solution is highly stable, non-toxic, not vaporizing and
not degraded by common airborne contaminants.
The technology’s developers have successfully registered it under globally
recognized numerous patents.
In another field of use (water production) the technology received awards
such as “The invention of the year” by Times magazine and the “Silver
medallion” in technology by the Wall Street Journal.
. Rebranded in 2010 to Advantix Systems and moved HQ to Miami
▪ Winner of AHR’s Most innovative Cooling Product Award, 2011
▪ ACHR News Product of the Week award, 2010
Historical Perspective
DuCool Value Proposition 21
The Revolution of Liquid Desiccant Climate Control
Standard Air Conditioning
Liquid Desiccant
Controls Temperature Temperature and Humidity
Powered by Electric energy Renewable/waste energy
Power per Ton of cooling (kW)
1.0 -1.3 0.3-0.8
Air Quality Air is forced through a wet coil. Potential health hazard
Scrubs air eliminating bacteria and particles
More efficient.
Comfort
Zone
Standard air conditioning
Liquid desiccant Avoids “rework” of
conventional systems
Eliminates condensation – no costly maintenance
Our thermodynamic shortcut takes you directly to the Comfort Zone, cutting air conditioning workloads by half or more.
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Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 201123
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Cost savings.
▪ Systems sized more efficiently by handling more latent coolingthan conventional units
▪ Smaller capacity compressor, heat exchanger, etc. reduces equipment cost
▪ Zero-down, shared energy savings payment option
First costs (upfront capital)
▪ 30-50% lower energy consumption by avoiding “rework” of conventional systems
▪ Eliminates intensive maintenance - no air filters, evaporator coil, pans, condensate removal systems)
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Maintenance costs
Energy costs (operating expenses)
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Better performance.
Indoor air quality
▪ Enables more fresh air intake▪ Disinfectants air▪ Captures allergens and particulates▪ Reduces odors
Humidity control
▪ Reduces mold / mildew damage to buildings and furnishings
▪ Protects sensitive processes and equipment
Safety ▪ Improves surface drying (e.g., floors, counters); reduces exposure to slip & falls
Improved comfort
▪ Avoids “freezing” or muggy ambient conditions
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Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 201126
DuCool’s Technology
The basic DuCool unit consists of 5 major sections.
Process Section – Air Treatment Section
Regeneration Section – Moisture Removal Section
Common Sump - Contains the LiCl desiccant solution
Middle (Pumps) Section – Mechanism Section
Controller – Automatic control of the unit operation
Product lines: thermal energy can be derived from many sources
DT
DH
DB
Powered by Energy Savings
• Electricity only 30 – 50%
• Electricity and external hot/cold water (waste heat)
40 – 60%
• Electricity and renewable power 50 – 80%
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DuCool Product Families28
DuTreat Series Basic Models:
The unit “model designation” is determined by the combination of the Treated Air Volume (CFM) and the
Compressor size (HP), as follows:
For treating greater air volume, 2 (or more) units will be installedor connected in parallel. For deeper dehumidification, 2 units will be connected in series.
The DuTreat (DT) Family
Treated
Air Volume
Small Units Large Units
300 CFM
(510 M³/h)
500 CFM
(850 M³/h)
800 CFM
(1360 M³/h)
1400 CFM
(2380 M³/h)
2400 CFM
(4080 M³/h)
3400 CFM
(5780 M³/h)
Compressor
Size
2.5 HP DT-300/2.5 DT-500/2.5
4.0 HP DT-500/4 DT-800/4
6.0 HP DT-800/6
5.0 HP DT-1400/5 DT-2400/5 DT-3400/5
7.0 HP DT-1400/7 DT-2400/7 DT-3400/7
9.0 HP DT-1400/9 DT-2400/9 DT-3400/9
DuTreat Unit – Assembly view
Inlet Regeneration Fan
Inlet Process Fan
Main Electrical CabinetHx - Process
Hx - Regenerations
Accumulator
Compressor
Post Cooling / Reheat Hx
Pump Compartment Cover
DuTreat Unit – Main Components
Liquid GatewayPre Heating
HxPost Cooling / Reheat Hx
Pre Cooling Hx
Inlet Regeneration Fan
Inlet Process Fan
Main Electrical Cabinet
Accumulator
Hx - Process
Compressor
Hx - Regenerations
Solution Pump - Regeneration
Solution Pump - Process
How it works
Conditioner Section “close-up”
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2
Liquid desiccant
in @ 60°F
Corrugated
Material
Liquid desiccant
out @ 75°F
Supply air out
@ 72°F, 43% RH
Supply air in
@ 83°F, 78% RH
Desiccant
ΔT = 15°F
Air
ΔT = -11°F
ΔW = -84 gr/lbSensible heat
absorbed
Latent heat
absorbed
Note: incoming air conditions based on ASHRAE humidity load design point for Washington DC
Air cleaner
DuCool – One system combining
=
Air Conditioning Dehumidification
+ +
DuCool Technology 34
Energy reduction –
Main contributors
Efficient Dehumidification and Cooling
Shorter energy path to the comfort zone
Utilization of Renewable Energy Operating
by the cheapest energy source available
+Shifting position in the “Comfort Zone”
Increase temperature and reduce humidity
+
35All rights reserved
Energy Saving
The Thermodynamic Advantage
No need for overcooling
36All rights reserved
Energy Saving
Standard A/C System (yellow line) –Cools the air to, and then along the dew point line with ~100% relative humidity. Then sometimes needs to heatthe air back to reach the comfort zone.
DuCool System –(Blue lines)Removes humidity and cool theair at the same time, reaching the comfort zone usingonsiderably less energy then the other systems.
Less Energy with Higher Efficiency
for Cooling & Dehumidification
ENERGY
MANAGEMENTThermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air QualityEfficiency Dehumidification
DuCool – A Different Approach
Environmental
ProtectionIndoor Air QualityEfficiency Dehumidification
Environmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
advantage
37All rights reserved
Energy Saving
DuCool Overview and Proposition Value 37
●
304,000
Btu/Hr
420,000
Btu/Hr
- 25 %
51.8°C ,
100% RH
Fresh Air 86°F , 60% RH
Design 71.6°C , 50% RH
A
BC
LatentKBtu/Hr
SensibleKBtu/Hr
Total KBtu/Hr
ReheatKBtu/Hr
DUCOOL 215 89 304
AC 215 205 420 123
% Difference in Cooling capacity required -25%
T RH
IN 86 ° 60%
OUT 71.6 ° 50%
SHR 30%
Example – Air Flow 5,900 CFM
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
advantage
38All rights reserved
Energy SavingDuCool Overview and Proposition Value 38
79° F ,
57% RH
73° F , 80%
RH
81° F, 20%
RH74° F ,
25% RH
The ability to control Relative Humidity enables to increase temperature in the room and
keep comfort conditions
7.2°F increase of the temp. set point can reduce energy consumption by more than 20%
Thermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification
Comfort Zone
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
In an application without reheat the only way to control RH is by
decreasing the set point.
39All rights reserved
Energy Saving39 DuCool Ltd. All rights reserved
Standard chilled water air condition system use condensation on the fan coils to remove moisture from the air. In order to enable efficient cooling and moisture removal the leaving water of chillers are set to 7°C and lower.
When the DuCool units are combined with a chiller system the humidity is absorbed by the DuCool units and the chiller’s leaving water temperature can be increased to 18° F.
An increase of 7.6°C of chiller’s leaving water temperature increases the chiller’s C.O.P with approximately 10%-15%
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
Increase Chillers efficiency
50 ° F
42 ° F
=% EER = 16.3%
Chiller COP increase = 16.3 %
DuCool Value Proposition 40
Standard AC with DuCool
DT Unit
ChillerA DuCool system is added to an existing HVAC rooftop.The result is increased comfort and a 30-35% reduction in energy consumption.A conventional HVAC system will create conditions of 68-70 °F (20-21 °C) and 60-65% R.H. With DuCool the conditions will be 77 °F (25 °C) & 45% R.H. which are perfect conditions according to all industry standards.
Note: Reduction in energy costs assumes installation in weather conditions similar to Miami Florida.
41All rights reserved
Energy SavingDuCool Overview and Proposition Value 41
14° F to 95°F
131°F to 194° F
Humidity is absorbed by the desiccant solution. Cold Water at
relatively high temperature can be used for cooling
Relatively low Hot Water temperature can be used enabling
usage of various sources
Can make use of desiccant solution
as energy storage
Thermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification
Utilizing Low Grade Heat
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
Dehumidification
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Mechanical Dehumidification▪ Increased size of cooling coil to enlarge condensation surface ▪ Use of reheat (hot gas or hot water) to reach desired conditionsRequires more energy and costly
Solid Desiccant Technology▪ Requires high temperatures heat for regeneration (gas, electric). ▪ Supplied air is dry but hot and additional cooling energy is required
(desiccant converts latent load to sensible load).▪ Solid systems can suffer from desiccant attrition and the cost of replacing
the rotating wheel is approximately 60% of the total product.High initial costs, very high energy costs (regeneration + additional
cooling capacity)
Thermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification
Air Dehumidification Methods
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
DuCool Technology 44
General Comparison
Less Energy with Higher Efficiency for Cooling & Dehumidification
Standard A/C system - (yellow line)
Cools the air to, and then along the
dew point line with ~100% relative
humidity. Then needs to heat the air
back to reach the comfort zone.
Desiccant Wheel –( White Line)
Removing humidity but at the same
time heating the air. Therefore
requires additional energy to cool
the air for reaching the comfort
zone.
DuCool System – (Blue lines)
Removes humidity and cool the air
at the same time, reaching the
comfort zone using considerably less
energy then the other systems.
45
t
●
12.5 Btu/lb
Latent load
9.3 Btu/lb
3.87 Btu/lb
Sensible load
DuCool
52°F ,
100% RH
Fresh Air 86°F , 60% RH
Design 71.6°F , 50% RH
A
BCD
69% of Cooling capacity ( Latent ) is powered mainly by waste heat , only 31% by AC system (3.87 btu/lb)
Thermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification
Combined Waste Heat Application
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
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●
215,000
Btu/Hr
420,000
Btu/Hr
51.8° F ,
100% RH
Fresh Air 86° F , 60% RH
Design 71.6° F , 50% RH
A
BC
LatentkBtu/Hr
SensibleKBtu/Hr
Total KBtu/Hr
ReheatKBtu/Hr electricity
Combined System
Advantix with Standard VC
DUCOOL 215 0 215 10 kW
AC 0 89 89 8.6 kW*
System capacity 304 18.6 kW
Standard AC 215 205 420 123 41 kW**
89,000
Btu/Hr
-80%
-55%
Thermodynamic
advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification
Example – Air Flow 5,886 cfm
Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental
Protection
Thermodynamic
Advantage
All rights reserved Rule of Thumb
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Rule of thumb
ΔlbAbsolute
Humidity
DT800/6 DT1400/9 DT2400/9 DT3400/9
Δg > 20 -65% -65% -55% -45%
Δg > 15 -60% -60% -50% -42%
Δg > 10 -60% -60% -47% -40%
Δg > 5 -50% -50% -40% -35%
Δg < 2 consult engineering
ΔT
(°F)Absolute
Cooling
DT800/6 DT1400/9 DT2400/9 DT3400/9
Δg > 20 19.8 12.6 10.8 9
Δg > 15 21.6 14.4 12.6 10.8
Δg > 10 23.4 16.2 14.4 12.6
Δg > 5 25.2 18 16.2 14.4
Δg < 2 consult engineering
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Liquid desiccant Vs. Solid Desiccant
Advantix SystemsLiquid desiccant
Solid desiccant
Energy Approx. 50% less energy required than the solid desiccant
High energy consumption for regeneration and post cooling
Maintenance No need to replace desiccant solution.Can be filtered and washed every few years in a simple procedure
• Desiccant wheel needs to be replaced every few years
• The wheel cost is about 60%-70% of the product cost
Performance Degradation No performance degradation In time the wheel is damaged and the performance is degraded until wheel has to be replaced.
Liquid Desiccant vs. Solid Desiccant
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011
Advantix Systems units also make a significant contribution to LEED certification
17 21
19
12
EA IEQ ID
32
312
TotalWE
0
40
Range
Minimum
80
60
50
40
LEED
Certified
LEED
Platinum
LEED
Gold
LEED
Silver
Advantix’s potential contribution*
* Based on New Construction rating system
Does not take into account prerequisites that
Advantix can help developer meet
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DuCool Technology 52
Technology Advantages
Produce Cool Dry Air by controlling both humidity and temperature
independently, while supplying high quality cool and dehumidified air in
quantities that can satisfy industrial, commercial and residential application.
Disinfect Air - A standard HVAC system recycles the indoor air.
No fresh air is provided o the cooled area. In the event that fresh air is
needed additional energy is required to overcome the increased heat load of
the fresh air. Moisture removal occurs at dew point conditions leaving the
cooling coil continuously wet which is a perfect bedding ground for the
growth of bacteria, mold and mildew.
the DuCool process kills up to 94% of viruses and bacteria in a single air pass
through the unit.
For multiple passes, common in most applications, higher percentages can
be achieved.
DuCool Technology 53
Technology Advantages
Filter Air Process removes 77% of particulates over 5 microns in size, removing
allergens such as pollen and dust from the air.
Deodorize Air odors such as chlorine and other chemicals are removed.
Reduced Capital Cost significantly lower in comparison to standard solutions for
industrial and commercial applications. DuCool’s systems integrated with other
renewable energy components qualify for Federal tax credits, State grants and
utility company rebates.
Improve Human Comfort achieve optimal temperature and humidity zone.
Surpass Indoor Air Quality Standards DuCool products successfully address IAQ
(Indoor Air Quality) by helping meet ASHRAE (62.2), ARI (940-98) and OSHA (29
CFR 1926.800(k) (2) standards and regulations regarding fresh air requirements.
Expandable and Scalable DuCool systems are modular and can be sized
according the specific needs of the customer.
DuCool Technology 54
Energy Consumption- General ComparisonOn the Y axis is total energy expressed in Tons of Refrigeration (TR).
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Load
required
Conventional
AC SHR Outlet
Standard AC
system
Desiccant
wheel
DuCool
technologhy
Latent load Sensible load Latent converted to sensible