Advances of the R & DAdvances of the R & D

in Aquaculturein Aquaculture in China Mainland

JH XIANG, SL DONG and QY WANGJH XIANG, SL DONG and QY WANG

IOCAS, IOCAS, OUC & YSFRIOUC & YSFRI

Food safety issues in China!?

Population�accounting for 22� in total population of the world

Population increase�up to 1.6 billion by 2030Land area of individual �0.008km2, 1/4 of average

level of the world.Plantation area�7� of the worldFresh water resources� 1/4 of the world averageFood requirement: requiring 0.16 billion

increasement by 2030

sea kelpsea kelp

shrimpshrimp

scallopscallop

FishFish

In China, the sequential successes In China, the sequential successes of breeding for of breeding for LaminariaLaminaria in 1950in 1950’’s, s, Chinese shrimp in 1970Chinese shrimp in 1970’’s and bay s and bay scallop in 1980scallop in 1980’’s led to the three s led to the three largest scale industries of largest scale industries of marimari--culture in the world. culture in the world.

Now the Fish culture is scaling up.Now the Fish culture is scaling up.

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Global aquaculture production

Rest of World

Asia

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China vs Rest of Asia

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China

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1950 1970 1990Year

Fisheries Production of China in 2004

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5101520253035

Aquaculture (32,087.000 t)65.46%

Fishing (16,931,000 t)34.54%

Total production of fisheries: 49�018�000 t

The annual productions of The annual productions of mariculturemariculture in Chinain China

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Catch

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Numbers of auaculture species

Crustacea ��10�

Fish��60�

Molluscs��20Sea Weeds��10�

Echinodermata (Sea cucumber, Sea urchin etc.)

������

Percentages of different organonismsin aquaculture production

Mollusc79%

Crustacea4%

� �4%Sea Weeds

11%

others2%

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CrustaceaMolluscSea Weedsothers

YearYear

PruductionPruduction

Aquatic ProductionAquatic Production’’s Role in Chinas Role in China

ProductsProductsin SW 37%in SW 37%

��

Hatchery environmentHatchery environment�����Nutrition and Diet

Parent stock

Disease control Technologyand technics

Management

Chain EffectChain Effect

The Major Diseases Problem and The Major Diseases Problem and Resistant Mechanism of the Resistant Mechanism of the

MaricultureMariculture OrganismsOrganisms

Chief Chief ScinetistScinetist: : Prof.JianhaiProf.Jianhai XIANGXIANG

Budget: 29 million RMBBudget: 29 million RMB

From 1999 to 2004From 1999 to 2004��founded by MOSTfounded by MOST

1.Epidemiology of the major pathogens that causing damage of mariculture organisms

2. Comparative studies on defense systems of different types of host organisms

3. Genetic basis of resistance of organisms to disease

4. Influence of aquatic environment to hosts and/or pathogens

5. Control of disease

Research Topics

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HostHostHost EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment

PathogensPathogensPathogens

DiseaseDiseaseDisease

The outbreak of disease depends on the interactionThe outbreak of disease depends on the interactionbetween host, pathogens and aquatic environment between host, pathogens and aquatic environment

Study on Etiology and Immunological Study on Etiology and Immunological Control of Critical Diseases in Control of Critical Diseases in MaricultureMariculture Shrimp and FishShrimp and Fish

Chief Chief ScinetistScinetist: : Prof.JianhaiProf.Jianhai XIANGXIANG

Budget: 28 million RMBBudget: 28 million RMB

From 2006 to 2010From 2006 to 2010��founded by MOSTfounded by MOST

Workpackages

Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanism

of Ecosystem Food Production

in the Coastal Ocean of China

Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanism

of Ecosystem Food Production

in the Coastal Ocean of China

Chief Scientist Chief Scientist QishengQisheng TANGTANG

Budget: 30 million RMBBudget: 30 million RMB

From 2005 to 2010From 2005 to 2010��founded by MOSTfounded by MOST

1. A study on biogeochemical cycles of elements in food web2. Key process of biogenic substance exchanges on the main

interfaces of coastal waters3. Physical mechanisms of biogenic element supply in the typical

shelf sea ecosystems4. Role of microbial loop in food production process in coastal

waters5. Trophodynamics of phytoplankton community growth and

primary production processes6. Role of zooplankton function groups in food production process7. Functional diversity and food production process at high trophic

levels8. Anthropogenic impact on food production process and

sustainable yield models in the coastal seas

Research Contents

We held the second meeting of IMMUNAQUA program which was one of FF5 projects at IOCAS.

QGGFELVDNHIIIPRGLFVYSQASFRSISHRVWLFTESLGTQVSLMS….

CCACACACTGGGCTCTTCTTCGTTTACAGCCAGGCTTCGTTTCCACACACTGGGCTCTTCTTCGTTTACAGCCAGGCTTCGTTTCCACGAAGCGGCCTCTACTTCGTCTACAGCCAGGCGTCGTTC *** ** * * * * * *** ***** **

GTTTACCTTAGTGCAGTGTTTCAGCTGAATGAAGGGGACGTTTACCTTGGTGCAGTGTTCCAGCTGAACGAAGGGGAC1ATCTACCTGGGCGCAGTGTTCCAGCTGAACGAAGGGGAC* *** * * * ** * ****** * * ** **

…………

GPx

PGRP

GBP

LGBP PGRP

TRAF6

Cactus

TEP

Many genes showed different

expression pattern when shrimp were

challenged by bacteria or WSSV. From

the data, we infer that different defense

system was triggered by different

pathogen (bacteria or WSSV). The

interaction of these genes in shrimp

defense course is underway now.

Since 1997 marine biotechnology has been approved to be a Subject of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 ). In the first five years (1996-2000) and successively in the second five years (2001-2005), under the Subject of Marine Biotech, the research and development has been funded by Chinese government with 97.5million RMB, then more than 200 million RMB respectively.

The objectivesThe objectives are to promote the development of key technologies for rational utilization of marine bioresource, and the environment protection technologies that related for social sustainable development.

http://www.863.org.cn

There are mainly seven R & D

areas in the subject of marine

biotechnology:

1. breeding engineering,

2. control of the disease,

3. production system and

culture facilities,

4. marine medicine and

bioproducts

5. functional genes and genomics

6. breeding of the salt-resistant

plants.

Research and Development on the Research and Development on the Techniques of Techniques of PolyploidPolyploid Breeding Breeding and Sex Control in and Sex Control in MariculturedMariculturedAnimalsAnimals

“Ö Ð¿ ƺ 씺 £Í åÉ È± ´ “Ö Ð¹ úº ì”Ö åÎ ÆŠ̱ «�������Argopecten irradians

�������Haliotis discus hannai

Combined approach of Combined approach of

traditional selection and traditional selection and

markermarker--assisted selection assisted selection

(MAS)(MAS)

Huanghai -1Porphyra

Grouper

Soul

Cobia

Sea urchin

Sea horse

Sea cucumber

More and more species aquatic animals have been successful

bred and cultured

● Healthy SPF or SPR Shrimp Seeds

● Immunity Stimulating

● Biosecurity

● Water Quality Control

● Improving Husbandry

● Healthy SPF or SPR Shrimp Seeds

● Immunity Stimulating

● Biosecurity

● Water Quality Control

● Improving Husbandry

LentinanLentinan

PGPG

Oligosacchride

Oligosacchride

Enhancing the resistant ability Enhancing the resistant ability by by ImmunoImmuno--stimulatorstimulator

HemocyninHemocynin POPO

Lysogenicity SODSerum proteinSerum protein

ACPACP HemocyteHemocytecountingcounting

Zymosan Zymosan

New Production Systemfor Shrimp Culture

New Production Systemfor Shrimp Culture

• Litopenaeus vanamei�in South China– Higher location, covering the pond bottom by plastic

membrane– Well aeration and good management– Over 50% of the total shrimp culture areas, 250,000 t/yr

• Litopenaeus vanamei�in South China– Higher location, covering the pond bottom by plastic

membrane– Well aeration and good management– Over 50% of the total shrimp culture areas, 250,000 t/yr

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300000

400000

500000

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1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Production of Shrimp CultureProduction of Shrimp Culture

in Mainland of Chinain Mainland of China��Tone)Tone)500000

Many Many thanks!thanks!