Advancesintherecoveryofuraniumfromseawater:Studiesunderrealoceanconditions

FINALPROJECTREPORTMay2014-April2018

NEUPProject13-4905AwardnumberDE-NE000713

TechnicalWorkScopeIdentifierNo:MS-FC1MissionSupporting:FuelCycleTechnologies

Dr.KenBuesseler(PI)JessicaDrysdale

DepartmentofMarineChemistry&GeochemistryWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution

WoodsHole,MA

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Abstract&ExecutiveSummaryTheobjectiveofthisprojectwastomovethetestingofuraniumadsorbentsfromthelaboratorytothefield.Weweresuccessfullyabletotestfibersinbothaflumeandoceanenvironmentundervaryingconditionstoquantifytheadsorptivepropertiesanduraniumuptakeofadsorbentsundercoastaloceanconditions.Throughthistestingwehaveidentifiednumerouschallengestobeovercomepriortolarge-scaledeploymentofthesefibers

ThisprojectbeganinPhaseIwithlaboratoryexperimentsexaminingtheeffectsofflowratesandwaterfiltrationontheabsorptionofuraniumtofibersinflow-throughcolumns.Inthisexperimentwefoundthatfibersadsorbmostefficientlyataflowrateof250ml/min,onaperliterbasis.HoweverfasterflowratesincreaseexposurevolumeandallowedforslightlygreatertotalUabsorption.Thereforeabalancebetweencurrentspeedsthataretoofastandpotentiallybreakdownfibersandthosethatareslowerwillbeimportanttoconsider,alongsidebio-foulingandexposuretime,whendecidingwhichcurrentregimesarebesttoplacefibersintheocean.

PhaseIIexaminedbiofouling,comparingexposureoffibersinfilteredflumewatertothatinacoastaloceanenvironment.Resultsfromthedockandflumeparallelexperimentindicateastrongeffectofbiofoulingonthecapacityoftheadsorbentfiberstoadsorburaniumtowardstheveryendoftheexperiment.Dockandflumesamplesshowedcomparableadsorptionrateswiththeflumemaximumachievedatday49withanadsorbanceof3.4gU/kg-adswhilethedockmaximumwasreachedatday42withanadsorbanceof2.7gU/kg-ads.

Biofoulingmitigationtechniqueswerealsoexamined.Acomparisonof5mand12msamplesshowedlessgrowthat12meterswherethereislesslightaswellaslessgrowthonthecoppercages,whicharetoxictomanymarineorganisms.Overalldespitebiofouling,particlesandotherelementspresent,thefibersadsorbeduraniumupto2.7gU/kg-adsinouropenwaterdockexperiments.Thisislowerthanthemaximumachievedintheflumeof3.4gU/kg-adsandmuchlowerthanratesobservedwithsyntheticseawaterinlaboratoryexperiments.

PhaseIIIinvolvedtwoparts:workingatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)weexaminedthefeasibilityofreusingfibersafteroceandeployment.Fiberreuseisanimportantconsiderationforoperationalcostsassociatedwithdeployment.Atpresentourdataimpliesthatreuseafteropenoceanexposuremaynotbesignificantlymoreeffectivethanasinglelongdeploymentoffibers.ThesecondpartofPhaseIIIinvolvedcollaborationwithA.SlocumandM.HajiatMITtoexaminetheeffectsofvariousenclosuresforfibers.Thisalsoinvolvedtestingarotatingsystem,designedtobedeployedaspartofanoffshorewindturbine.

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TableofContents

ABSTRACT&EXECUTIVESUMMARY.............................................................................II

TABLEOFCONTENTS...................................................................................................III

OBJECTIVES..................................................................................................................1

SCOPE..........................................................................................................................1

PHASEI........................................................................................................................2EFFECTSOFFLOWRATE........................................................................................................2BIOFOULINGINFLOW-THROUGHCOLUMNS..............................................................................2SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................3

PHASEII.......................................................................................................................4PURPOSE...........................................................................................................................4EXPERIMENTALSET-UP.........................................................................................................4RESULTS............................................................................................................................5

PHASEIII......................................................................................................................6FIBERREUSESTUDY.............................................................................................................6ADSORBENTENCLOSUREFLUMESTUDY....................................................................................7OCEANTRIALOFTHESYMBIOTICMACHINEFORURANIUMEXTRACTION.........................................9

PUBLICATIONS&OUTREACH.....................................................................................11PUBLICATIONS...................................................................................................................11CONFERENCEPRESENTATIONS&POSTERS..............................................................................11PROJECTMEETINGPARTICIPATIONANDPRESENTATIONS............................................................12WEBSITE..........................................................................................................................12

REFERENCES...............................................................................................................12

FINALQUADCHART...................................................................................................14

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ObjectivesTheobjectiveofthisprojectwastomovethetestingofuraniumadsorbentsfromthelaboratorytothefield:toquantifytheadsorptivepropertiesanduraniumuptakeofadsorbentsundercoastaloceanconditions.Thereisalargegapbetweenthedetailedlaboratorystudiesandthepotentiallargescaleoceandeploymentofuraniumadsorbingfibers.ThisstudysuccessfullyexaminedfibersdeployedunderavarietyofconditionswithfilteredandunfilteredseawaterontheAtlanticcoast.AsanoutcomeofthisefforttheDepartmentofEnergyhasgainedvitalfielddataonthebehaviorofuraniumadsorbingmaterialsbeingdevelopedunderthisprogram.Suchinformationwillhaveamajorimpactonthedirectionoftheprogramandfeasibilityofthisapproachbeingscaledupinthefuture.

ScopeThisprojectwasdividedintothreephasesasshowninfigure1.Itbeganwithlaboratoryexperimentsexaminingtheeffectsofflowratesandwaterfiltrationontheabsorptionofuraniumtofibersinflow-throughcolumns.PhaseIIexaminedbiofouling,comparingexposureoffibersinfilteredflumewatertothatinacoastaloceanenvironment.Biofoulingmitigationtechniqueswerealsoexamined.PhaseIIIinvolvedtwoparts:workingatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)weexaminedthefeasibilityofreusingfibersafteroceandeployment,aswellwecollaboratedwithA.SlocumandM.HajiatMITtoexaminetheeffectsofvariousenclosuresforfibers.Thisalsoinvolvedtestingarotatingdeploymentsystemdesignedtobedeployedaspartofanoffshorewindturbine.

Figure1.Experimentalphasesoftheproject.

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PhaseIEffectsofFlowRateOurfirstexperimentsetouttodeterminehowwaterflowrate(250,500,1000mlmin-1)affectstheadsorptionofuraniumontofibers.Adsorbentswereplacedincolumnsseparatedbyglassbeadsandwaterwasheldataconstanttemperatureof20.70C+/-0.3(Figure2).FreshseawaterwasobtainedusingapipedsystemdirectlyfromthecoastalAtlanticOcean.Flowrateswerecontrolledatdesiredrateswithvariableflowcontrollersandmonitoredviaflowmeter.TotalUadsorbed(ugU/gadsorbent/day)wasasfollows:150+/-5at250mlmin-1,159+/-15at500mlmin-1and176+/-15at1,000mlmin-1.Adsorptiononaper-literbasis(ugU/gads/L)wasasfollows:0.41+/-0.01at250mlmin-1,0.23+/-0.02at500mlmin-1and0.15+/-0.13at1,000mlmin-1(figure3).

Inthisexperimentwefoundthatfibersadsorbmostefficientlyataflowrateof250mlmin-1,onaperliterbasis.However,fasterflowratesincreaseexposurevolumeandthereforeallowforslightlygreatertotalUabsorption.Thiswillbeimportanttoconsider,alongsidebio-foulingandexposuretime,whendecidingwhichcurrentregimesareidealforplacingsorbentsinthefield.

BiofoulinginFlow-ThroughColumnsToinvestigatetheeffectsofbio-foulingonuraniumadsorbingfiberswerantwoseparate1monthlongexperiments,onewithseawaterfilteredto0.45μm(toeliminatemostbiologicalmatter)andonewithseawaterfilteredto100μm(to

Figure2.Flow-rateexperimentalsetup.Fiberswereplacedinclearcolumnsbetweenglassbeads.Seawaterwasrunthroughthecolumnsatvaryingflowratesandmonitoredusingin-lineflowmeters.

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eliminatesedimentandfishonly).Threecolumnsofadsorbentfibersperexperimentwereexposedtotheaboveseawaterfiltrationconditionsataconstantflowrateof500mlmin-1andconstanttemperatureof200C(+/-1.1).Theflumeboxwasclosedanddark24hrs/day.Flowwasmonitoredbyflowmeter.

Resultsshowedthatsamplesexposedtounfilteredseawateryieldedadsorptionofapproximately2.4gU/kgads.Samplesexposedtofilteredseawateryieldedonly0.8gU/kg.Thisunexpectedresultmaybetheresultofdifferingconcentrationsofothermetalsintheseawaterduringtheexperiments.TheunfilteredexperimentruninOctober2014,showedmuchlowerratiosofV:UandFe:UonthefiberswhencomparedtothefilteredexperimentwhichwasruninDecember2014.Thismaybeduetochangingconcentrationsofvanadiumandironinseawateroverdifferentseasonsand/orduetothecomplexationofuraniumwithiron-oxidesororganiccarbonintheseawater.Uraniumconcentrationsinseawaterareconservativewithsalinityandonlyvariedfrom30.2psuintheunfilteredexperimentto30.3inthefilteredexperiment.Theuraniumconcentrationsextractedfromfiberswerealsocorrectedforanysalinitydifferences.

SummaryInourflowrateexperiment,wefoundthatUfibersadsorbmostefficientlyataflowrateof250ml/min,onaperliterbasis.HoweverfasterflowratesincreaseexposurevolumeandallowedforslightlygreatertotalUabsorption.Thereforeabalancebetweencurrentspeedsthataretoofastandpotentiallybreakdownfibersandthosethatareslowerwillbeimportanttoconsider,alongsidebio-foulingandexposuretime,whendecidingwhichcurrentregimesarebesttoplacefibersintheocean.

Figure3.Uraniumadsorptiontofibersonaperdaybasis(left)andperliterbasis(right)afterexposureinflow-throughcolumns.

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Wefoundthatinoursecondsetofexperimentsuraniumadsorbancewasreducedwhenusingwaterfilteredto0.45micronsdespiteadsorbentmaterialbeingfromthesamebatchastheflowrateexperiments.Anexaminationofothermetalionadsorbedtothefibersmaybeimpedinguraniumadsorptionbycompetitionofotherionsforsitesonthefiber.Greatercompetitionforsitescouldbedueeithertochangesinconcentrationsoftheseionsinseawater,suchashigherVorFe,orfromcomplexationofFeoxideswithUinseawater.

MoredetailofmethodsandresultsfromPhaseImaybefoundinthepublicationGilletal.,2016listedunderthePublicationsandOutreachsectionofthisdocument.

PhaseIIPurposeTheobjectiveofPhaseIIofthisNEUPprojectwastomovefromtestingofuraniumadsorbentsfromthelabtothefieldtoquantifythesorptivepropertiesofuraniumuptakeinrealoceanconditions.Forthisexperimentweusedin-situoceantestingandparallellaboratoryflumeexperimentstotestfibersforuraniumadsorption.Duetoevidencethatbiofoulingmayimpactadsorptioninnon-filteredwaterwealsofurthertestedenclosuresforthefiberstotrytomitigatebiofoulingofthefibersintheocean.DetailsregardingmethodsandexperimentaldesigncanbefoundintheMilestoneIIreportnumberM2NU-13-MA-WHOI-0601-0323.

ExperimentalSet-upThefirstexperimentofPhaseIIwasaparallelexposurestudycomparinguraniumfiberadsorptionratesinfilteredseawaterandincoastaloceanconditions(referredtohereafterasExperimentI).ThisexperimentranfromMaytoAugust2015.This49daydockandflumestudycomparedfibersdeployedinaflumereceivingfilteredseawaterwithadockdeploymentoffibersinsideslargemeshbag.Waterwasfilteredto0.45microns,whichremovesorganismsinthewater.Thegrowthoftheseorganismsonasubstrateisreferredtoasbiofouling.

ExperimentIwhichcomparedopenoceanexposuretotheflume(filteredwater)exposurehighlightedtheimportanceofquantifyingtheamountofbiologicalgrowthonthefibersovertime.Doesthegrowthimpedetheadsorptionofuraniumtothefibers?ExperimentIIwasthereforedesignedtotestfibersdeployedattwodepthsandinenclosuresmadeofnylon,copperandsteel.NylonwaschosentoreplicateconditionsfromExperimentI.Copperisaknownantimicrobialandistoxictomanymarineorganisms.Itiscommonlyusedtopreventalgalgrowthandadherencebybeingmixedinboatpaintsandonfishingnets.Steelwaschosenasitisrelativelyresistanttocorrosionintheoceanandwouldprovidearidgedenclosureofidenticalnaturetothecopperone.

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ResultsResultsfromthedockandflumeparallelexperimentindicateastrongeffectofbiofoulingonthecapacityoftheadsorbentfiberstoadsorburaniumtowardstheveryendoftheexperiment(afterday42).Dockandflumesamplesshowedcomparableadsorptionrateswiththeflumemaximumachievedatday49withanadsorbanceof3.4gU/kg-adswhilethedockmaximumwasreachedatday42withanadsorbanceof2.7gU/kg-ads(figure4).

Theseconddockexperimentusedpre-weighedbraidstobetterquantifytheamountofbiologicalgrowthonthefibersovertime.Acomparisonof5mand12msamplesshowedlessgrowthat12metersaswellaslessgrowthonthecoppercages,whicharetoxictomanymarineorganisms(figure5).

Overalldespitebiofouling,particlesandotherelementspresentthefibersadsorbeduraniumupto2.7gU/kg-adsinouropenwaterdockexperiments.Thisislowerthanthemaximumachievedintheflumeof3.4gU/kg-adsandmuchlowerthanratesobservedwithsyntheticseawaterinlaboratoryexperiments.PreviousflumeexperimentsatWHOIfoundadsorptionratesof3.3gU/kg-adsinacolumnstudyand3.2gU/kg-adsinaflumestudybothusingtheAF1braid.AtPNNLcolumnflowthroughteststheAI8braidachieved3.5gU/kg-adsafter56days.Themodeledsaturationcapacityofthisbraidtypewas5.9gU/kg-ads.ThelowerrateofadsorbanceinthesecondWHOIdockexperiment(max.2.4g/kg)maybeduetothereducedtemperatureatthattime,averaging15.3overthecourseoftheexperimentatbothdepths.

Figure4.Uraniumadsorptiononfibersexposedtofilteredseawaterinaflume(greysquares)andtocoastalseawater(whitetriangles).Docktemperatureisalsoshownontheright-handaxis.

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PhaseIIIFiberReuseStudyOneofthelargestcostsassociatedwiththeuseofamidoxinebasedacrylicfibersisthecapitalproductioncost(Byers&Schneider,2016).Allcostanalysesoftheuseofthesefibershaveconsideredthemformultipleuse,upto10timeshoweverthishasnotbeentestedintheoceanenvironment.WethereforesetupanexperimenttotestfiberreuseafteroceanexposuresimilartothesecondpartofphaseIIdescribedabove.FiberswereplacedattwodepthsandsampledweeklyfromAugusttoNovemberof2016.Followingexposuresofeither28or42daystheuraniumwasextractedfromthefibersusingamethoddescribedbyPanetal.(2017)whichinvolvesusinga3MKHCO3solutiontostripthefibersofsomemetalswithoutdamagingthem.

Thisexperimentfoundthatonaverageonly55%oftheuraniumonfiberswasabletobeeludedusingthe3MKHCO3solutionversusatotalaciddigestion.Thishasimportantimplicationsforcostanalysisandproductionwhenreusingfibers.Aswellthesumofthree28-dayexposures(total84days)extractedbyKHCO3at5&12mwas2.30gU/kg-adsand2.07gU/kg-adsrespectively,whereasasingle56daydeploymentwithaciddigestionshowed2.78gU/kgand2.65gU/kgat5mand12m(Figure6).Thisresultsuggeststhattheeffortinvolvedinstrippingandcollectingthefibersmaynotbecosteffective.

Figure5.Growthonthefiberenclosuresovertimeonthecopper(top)andsteel(bottom)cagesat5metersdepth.Day49for12metersisalsoshownwithnearlynogrowthonthecoppercage.

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AdsorbentEnclosureFlumeStudyIncollaborationwithPhDstudentMahaHaji,undergraduateJorgeGonzalezandDr.SlocumatMITaflumestudywasconductedtoevaluatetheimpactofshellenclosuresonuraniumuptakeontoacrylicfibersduringthesummerof2016.ThisstudyusedanopaqueflumewithfilteredseawaterlocatedatWHOIinwhichfiberswereplacedinsideplasticsphereswithvaryingsizedopenings(figure7).Fiberswereexposedtoseawaterataflowrategreaterthanpreviousexperiments(4.8cm/s)for56days.Smallsamples(approx..100mg)weretakeneachweekandanalyzedforuraniumandotherelementadsorption.

Waterflowmeasurementwasdeterminedusinganoveltechniqueinvolvingtheuseofradium-adsorbingMnO2impregnatedacrylicfibers.InbriefMnO2fibersadsorbradiumwhichisnaturallyoccurringincoastalseawater.Fiberswereplacedintheenclosuresfollowingtheuraniumexposureexperiment.Atthesametimeaknown

Figure6.Uraniumadsorptiononfibersdeployedat5metersfor56dayscontinuously,threeexposuresof28daysortwoexposuresof42days.Uraniumwasextractedfromfibersdeployedfor56daysviatotalaciddigestion.Uraniumfromfibersthatwerereusedwasextractedusing3MKHCO3toenabletheirreuse.

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volumeofwaterwassampledandpassedthroughacolumncontainingtheMnO2fibers.Bypre-weighingthefiberamountsandcomparingthefibersexposedtoaknownvolumeofwater,wewereabletocalculatethevolumeofwaterseenbythefibersinthedifferentenclosures.

Resultsshowthatwaterflowinthevaryingenclosuresdiffersgreatlydependingonplacementintheflume,orientationoftheopeningsorlackofenclosure.Thefiberclosesttothepumpshowedthehighestwaterseencomparabletothefurthestfiberwhichhadnoenclosure.Despitethesedifferenceshoweveroveralluraniumuptakeaveraged3.5gU/kg-adsrangingfrom3.2gU/kgto3.7gU/kg-adsintheenclosurewiththelargestopenings.Thisresultindicatesthattheenclosureislikelynotconstraininguraniumadsorptionandthatthelinearvelocityofthewaterisgreatenoughthatthereactionisnotmasslimited.Thishasimportantimplicationsforchoosingdeploymentlocationsinthefuture.

MoredetailofmethodsandresultsfromtheAdsorbentEnclosureFlumeStudymaybefoundinthepublicationHajietal.,2018(Submitted)listedunderthePublicationsandOutreachsectionofthisdocument.DetailsmayalsobefoundinthePhDthesisofMahaHajientitled:Extractionofuraniumfromseawater:DesignandTestingofasymbioticsystem,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,2017.

slotted

wiffle

slottedwiffle

rotated

classic

wiffle

twohole

classicwiffle

rotated

largehole

Figure7.EnclosuredesignstestedintheWHOIflume.

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OceanTrialoftheSymbioticMachineforUraniumExtractionAsecondcollaborationwithMITinthefallof2016examinedtheuseoffibershellenclosuresinacoastaloceanenvironment.TheseweretestedoffadockattheMassachusettsMaritimeAcademyinBourne,MA.This9-weektrialinvolvedtestingfibersintwodifferentenclosuretypeswoveninanetonbothmovingandstationarysystems,aswellascontrolfibersinnylonenclosures(identicaltothosedeployedatWHOIinearlierexperiments)(Figure8).

Thisexperimentshowedmuchloweruraniumadsorptionthanpreviousexperimentswhichweattributetothelowaveragewatertemperature(11.5°Cversus18°C-21°CoverWHOIdockexperiments).Totaluraniumuptakewas1.21gU/kg-adsinaslottedenclosuredesignthatwasstationaryand1.06gU/kg-adsintheequivalentrotatingsystem.AcontrolinnylonidenticaltoWHOIdeploymentshad1.16gU/kg-ads.Thestationarysystemshadmorebiofoulingbutthisdoesnotappeartohaveaffecteduraniumadsorption.Resultsindicatethatthesystemsrelymoreonwatercurrentvelocities,whicharemuchfasterthantherotationofthemachine.

MoredetailofmethodsandresultsfromtheOceanTrialoftheSymbioticMachineofUraniumExtractionmaybefoundintheupcomingpublicationHajietal.,2018titled“ResultsofanOceanTrialoftheSymbioticMachineforUraniumExtraction”listed

Figure8.Rotatingsystemforuraniumadsorbentsenclosedinslottedwiffle-ballenclosures.Systemwastestedpoweredtoa12Vbatteryandrotatedcontinuouslyformuchoftheexperiment.

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underthePublicationsandOutreachsectionofthisdocument.DetailsmayalsobefoundinthePhDthesisofMahaHajientitled:Extractionofuraniumfromseawater:DesignandTestingofasymbioticsystem,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,2017.

ResearchConclusions

Thisprojectwassuccessfullyabletotakeuraniumadsorbingfibersfromlaboratorytestingtotheopencoastalenvironment.Throughthistestingwehaveidentifiednumerouschallengestobeovercomepriortolarge-scaledeploymentofthesefibers.Thecomplexandcontinuouslychangingnatureofseawatercreatesauniqueenvironment.AsseeninPhaseIchangingelementcompositionwithinthewater(ieironandvanadium)cangreatlyaffecttheadsorptionofuranium.Seasonaltemperaturechangesalsoaffectbiofoulingaswellasadsorptionkinetics.Whileincreasesintemperaturecauseincreaseduraniumadsorption,increasingbiofoulinghastheoppositeeffect.Experimentswiththelowesttemperaturesandunfilteredenvironmentshowthelowestoveralluraniumadsorption.

Figure9.Summaryofuraniumadsorbedtofibersinallexperimentsunderthisreport.Alluraniumconcentrationsobtainedbytotalaciddigestionwiththeexceptionofthe3x28dayand2x42dayreusedatashowninPhaseIII.Temperatureaverageoverthecourseofeachexperimentisshownwithorangediamondsusingtheright-handsideaxis.

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Theoperatingcostoflargescaledeploymentofuraniumadsorbingfibersisaconsiderationandfiberreuseisanimportantconcern.Atpresentourdataimpliesthatreuseafteropenoceanexposuremaynotbesignificantlymoreeffectivethanasinglelongdeploymentoffibers.Moreresearchisneededtoincreasetheadsorptionratesaswellastheelutionmethodforreusetobeviable.

Lastlythereareenvironmentalconsiderationstodeployingthesefibers.Inthisstudywewereunabletoquantifylossoffiberovertimebutfish,crabsandothermarineorganismswereobservedonthefibers.Asthefibersaresmallandplasticthereisaconsiderationwhethertheseshouldbedeployedinanunenclosedareaoftheocean.Furtherstudieswillbeneededtodeterminemateriallostduringadeploymentandhowtoincreasethestrengthofthefibers.

Publications&OutreachPublicationsG.Gill,Kuo,L.-J.,Janke,C.,Park,J.,Jeters,R.,Bonheyo,G.,Pan,H.-B.,Wai,C.,Khangaonkar,T.,Bianucci,L.,Wood,J.,Warner,M.G.,Peterson,S.,Abrecht,D.,Mayes,R.,Tsouris,C.,Oyola,Y.,Strivens,J.,Schlafer,N.,Addleman,R.S.,Chouyyok,W.,andDas,J.S.,Kim,J.,Buesseler,K.,Breier,C.,D’Alessandro,E.(2016)TheUraniumfromSeawaterProgramatPNNL:OverviewofMarineTesting,AdsorbentCharacterization,AdsorbentDurability,AdsorbentToxicity,andDeploymentStudies,Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch,vol.55,no.15,pp.4264–4277.

Submitted

Haji,M.N.,Gonzalez,J.,Drysdale,J.A.,Buesseler,K.O.,Slocum,A.H.(2018)Theeffectsofprotectiveshellenclosuresonuraniumadsorbingpolymers.Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch.

InPreparation

Drysdale,J.D.,Buesseler,K.O.(2018)Testinguraniumadsorbingacrylicfibersundercoastaloceanconditions.

Haji,M.N.,Drysdale,J.A.,Buesseler,K.O.,Slocum,A.H.(2018)Resultsofanoceantrialofthesymbioticmachineforoceanuraniumextraction.

ConferencePresentations&PostersHaji,M,*Drysdale,J.,Buesseler,K.,Slocum,A.H.(2017)Oceantestingofasymbioticdevicetoharvesturaniumfromseawaterthroughtheuseofshellenclosures.InternationalOceanandPolarEngineeringConference.SanFrancisco,CA.June25-30,2017.**PublishedAbstract

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*Buesseler,K&Drysdale,J.A.(2016)Testinguraniumadsorptiontofibersunderrealoceanconditions(oralpresentation).InternationalConferenceonSeawaterUraniumRecovery,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD.July19-22,2016.

*Drysdale,J.A.,Buesseler,K.&Breier,C.(2016)Testingamidoxime-basedadsorbentsfortheadsorptionofuraniumunderrealoceanconditions.InternationalConferenceonSeawaterUraniumRecovery,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD.July19-22,2016.(posterpresentation)

*Gonzalez,J.,Haji,M.N.,Drysdale,J.A.,Buesseler,K.&Slocum,A.H.(2016)Effectsofprotectiveshellenclosuresonuraniumadsorbingpolymers.InternationalConferenceonSeawaterUraniumRecovery,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD.July19-22,2016.(posterpresentation)

ProjectMeetingParticipationandpresentations• MarineSciencesLaboratory,PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory,Sequim,

WA,August2-4,2017

• UniversityofSouthFlorida,Tampa,FL,January12-14,2017

• OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,TN,January13-15,2016.

• UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD.August5-7,2015.

• MarineSciencesLaboratory,PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory,Sequim,WA,August2014.

• OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,TN,January2014.

WebsiteUraniumRecoveryfromSeawater:ANation-wideconsortiumforsustainableenergy.PartnerWebpage:WoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionhttp://uraniumfromseawater.engr.utexas.edu/partners/woods-hole-oceanographic-institution-MaintainedbyTheUniversityofTexasatAustin

References

Byers,M.F.,Schneider,E.(2016)Optimizationofthepassivrecoveryofuraniumfromseawater.Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch,55(15):4351-4361.

Gill,G.,Kuo,L.-J.,Janke,C.,Park,J.,Jeters,R.,Bonheyo,G.,Pan,H.-B.,Wai,C.,Khangaonkar,T.,Bianucci,L.,Wood,J.,Warner,M.G.,Peterson,S.,Abrecht,D.,Mayes,

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R.,Tsouris,C.,Oyola,Y.,Strivens,J.,Schlafer,N.,Addleman,R.S.,Chouyyok,W.,andDas,J.S.,Kim,J.,Buesseler,K.,Breier,C.,D’Alessandro,E.(2016)TheUraniumfromSeawaterProgramatPNNL:OverviewofMarineTesting,AdsorbentCharacterization,AdsorbentDurability,AdsorbentToxicity,andDeploymentStudies,Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch,55(15):4264–4277.

Haji,M.(2017)Extractionofuraniumfromseawater:DesignandTestingofasymbioticsystem,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,PhDThesis,167pp.

Pan,H-B.,Wai,C.M.,Kuo,L-J.,Gill,G.,Tian,G.,Rao,L.,Das,S.,Mayes,R.T.,Janke,C.J.(2017)Bicarbonateelutionofuraniumfromamidoxime-bsedpolymeradsorbentsforsequesteringuraniumfromseawater.ChemistrySelect,2:3769-3744.