Advances in Genetics

Chapter 5, Section 3

Genetic Engineering

• What is a gene again?

• Section of the DNA located in a chromosome that directs the activities of a cell.

Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

• Biological or chemical ways to change the arrangement of DNA in a gene.

Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering used for?

• Produce medicines• Change the functions of

cells• Improve crops

Genetic Engineering

• Recombinant DNA

• Inserts a section of DNA from an organism into a bacterium.– Examples:

• Production of insulin and growth hormone.

Genetic Engineering

• Gene Therapy• Normal alleles are inserted into a virus.

• Virus infects a target cell.• Normal allele replaces the

defective allele in the target cell.

Genetic Engineering

• Selective Breeding

• Selecting plants or animals to breed together based on desired traits.

• Has been practiced for thousands of years.

Genetic Engineering

• Genetically Engineered Plants

• Desired genes from one plant are inserted into a different plant.