advances in direct recycling for lithium-ion batteries · sources of li-ion for recycle servable...
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Advances in Direct Recycling for
Lithium-ion Batteries
OnTo Technology LLC Steve Sloop
NDIA Event #7670 Joint Service Power Expo
Virgina Beach, VA May 1-4, 2017
Location
OnTo Technology is in Bend, Oregon, which has flights to many US West Coast airports
OnTo Technology LLC
History and future for cost of Li-ion
Cost reduction due to improvements in battery chemistry, manufacturing processes, economies of scale…and commodities dip
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Cost/$/kWh
$3gasoline
$2gasCostgoal~$100
Historic Cost
ProjectedCost
What does recycling cost for Li-ion?
• Estimates $25-$60/kWh
– Major part of the future cost goal of $100/kWh.
• Obviously, this has to decrease for a sustainable EV industry.
OnTo Technology LLC
Existing Technologies Smelting and hydrometallurgy
• Costly, uses a lot of energy. • Li is lost. • Co oriented. • How does this work for NMC,
LFP?
OnTo Technology LLC
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GigaWatt
Sources of Li-ion for Recycle Servable Market is limited by the Rate of • Manufacturing seconds. • Field faults. • Managed battery lifetime. There is a small market now, and a good opportunity to implement direct recycling.
Fielded EV and Utility Batteries
EV or Utility Service
End-of-life Batteries For recycling
Original Manufacturing
OEM demand
Recycle demand
OnTo Technology LLC
OnTo Li-ion Up-cycling Development
OnTo Technology LLC
• OnTo: US Based Feasibility and Technical Development.
• Business: – Consulting for EV and Large Format Industrial
Products. – Evaluation of products for recycle and performance. – Development of manufacturing with recycled
material.
• Pleased to announce “Upcycling of Lithium-ion Battery Materials”, Nissan North America.
• Upcycled Material Partner: CKE & Meekotech
Plan for Direct Recycling Early Consider Recycle in the cathode material plan.
Plan for recycling to save money and resources.
We can help that process.
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FullCellCycling
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CycleNumber
Rec
ycle
d C
ell C
apac
ity
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RNMCAveDischargeCapacity%C/10 NMCAveDischargeCapacity%C/10
Perc
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apac
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2Ah, 100% Recycled cell and New cell. Behave identically…the recycled cell is lower cost, higher purity electrode.
EVChem
%ofCapacity
Returnin
Recycling
Rate
Capability
Charge/Disc
harge
ChemA 100% Match
ChemB 100% Match
ChemC 100% Match
ChemD 80% 90%
LiCoO2 100% Match
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Voltage
CycleLife
OEMCost
Safety
RecycleValue
EVChemGen2 EVChemGen1
OnTo Technology LLC
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RNMCAveDischargeCapacity%C/10 NMCAveDischargeCapacity%C/10
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CellVoltage(V)
SpecificCapacity(mAh/g)
LFPvs.LithiumMetal
BeforeProcessing
AfterProcessing
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FullCellCycling
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CycleNumber
Recycled NMC
Recycled Spinel-layered metal oxide-mix
Recycled Li-Iron-Phosphate
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SpcificC
apacity
/mAh
/g
CycleNumber
Recycled LCO
Flexibility to Electrode Chemistry
Recent Results: Separation of (+) and (-) Electrodes
• Rapid process applicable whole-battery shredder residue.
• Industrially scalable.
• Feasible with use of patented process technology.
Graphite XRD
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SpcificCap
acity/mAh/g
Charge/DischargeC-Rate
Standard Recycled
2.50
Voltage
Capacity
Innovative Processing for Up cycling of Nickel-rich NMC
NMC//Li button cells, 14-15mg pellet Rate capability and capacity retention of recycled NMC (green) matches or exceeds standard NMC
(gray)
OnTo Technology LLC
Technology Features for EV & Large Battery Business
Features
• Low temperature process.
• Easy to use – no stoichiometric measurements – REQUIRED - by other processes.
• Flexible to Li-ion electrodes.
• Very high yield, essentially quantitative.
• Fast process to new-cathode.
• US and PCT Patented with priority.
Service
• License for direct recycling.
• Support in EV planning. – recycle value.
– decrease lifetime costs.
– Increase product marketability.
• Develop Industrial Scale EV Environmnetal Services.
• Already Serving a US Based EV Manufacturer!
OnTo Technology LLC
Direct Recycling Patents
• What it is: Recovery of the entire electrode material from a battery for use as new electrode.
• Innovative: Patented Process
Technologies reinstate electrochemical activity to “spent” battery materials.
• OnTo Activities: Demonstrate proof of concept, model and develop scale 10-100x in order to achieve commercial operation.
• CKE: Initial Industrial Scale Development site for Direct Recycling.
Patent # Title
US 9,484,606 B1 Recycling and Reconditioning of Battery Electrode Materials (Sloop et al.)
US 8,846,225 Reintroduction of lithium into recycled battery materials (Sloop)
US 9,287,552 Reintroduction of lithium into recycled battery materials (Sloop)
Chinese # 2016109129500 Pending
Reintroduction of lithium into recycled battery materials (Sloop)
Chinese # 201580049244.1 Pending
Recycling Positive-Electrode Material of a Lithium-ion Battery (Sloop)
200980136414.4 Issued under Chinese Patent No. ZL200980136414.4
Recycling Batteries Having Basic Electrolytes
OnTo Technology LLC
Battery Deactivation Prototype
• Liquid CO2 at 700 psi and room temperature
• 2 x 89L (2 x 23.5 gallon). • 55 lb. Capacity
– Loose 18650 cells or battery packs.
• Extracts 90% of battery electrolyte with simple soak for 48 h.
• Yields battery shells with minimal flammability risk.
• Developed under NSF SBIR Award # 0750552.
• US Patents Issued: • #7,198,865 • #8,497,030
Discharge
Extract
Pack & Ship
(1)
(2)
(3)
Electrolyte
Neutralization/ disposal or process for reuse
Minimized Risk of Fire
Commercial Scale Agricultural Processing
with CO2 (example)
34August 2004
Anatomy of an SFE Project
Installation
• Design for extraction of oils from hops.
• Supercritical temperature and pressure.
• Stick-build, mobile, high volume.
• Example only: shows mobility, ease of construction and operation.
Acknowledgements
OnTo has received support from the following Federal Research Awards:
• US Department of Energy (DOE): – Small Business Innovation Research Award (SBIR)
#DE-SC0006336
• US National Science Foundation (NSF): – SBIR Awards #0750552, and #1448061
• Defense Logistics Agency (DLA): – SBIR Contract # SP4701-15-C-0097
OnTo Technology LLC
Contact information: Steve Sloop [email protected] OnTo Technology LLC, 63221 Service Road STE F, Bend Oregon 97703
CFO and CEO hard at work
Contact information: Dr. Steve Sloop: [email protected] OnTo Technology LLC, 63221 Service Road STE F, Bend, Oregon 97703 Dr. Tom Xu: [email protected] Meecotech Inc, 2734 Loker Ave West, Suite D, Carlsbad, CA 92010